Emerging pathogens and possible threats to blood services
Identifieur interne : 000295 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000294; suivant : 000296Emerging pathogens and possible threats to blood services
Auteurs : R. BurgerSource :
- ISBT Science Series [ 1751-2816 ] ; 2009-03.
Abstract
New pathogens emerge regularly. These new agents include both bacterial and viral pathogens. Many viral agents have a viremic phase during the course of infection and are transmitted by blood transfusion. New infectious agents provide a major challenge for blood services. The extend and mode of transmission through blood is initially unclear. Serological tests and molecular tools are used to detect infectious donors. A residual risk remains due to the diagnostic window period and sensitivity limits of the tests systems. Some detection systems proved to be extremely helpful, e.g. for HIV, HCV or WNV, but sometimes provide in certain periods of the infection false‐negative results due to sensitivity problems or to escape mutants (e.g. Hepatitis B). WNV provides an excellent example, how rapid and efficient blood donation services coped with this new threat for blood safety. Not all emerging infectious agents transmissible by blood represent a threat for the health. A number of putative pathogens turned out later not to be associated with pathogenesis. Prion diseases represent a particular challenge for detection in blood donors. Since the ‘normal’ cellular form the host protein is widely distributed, the usual nucleic acid amplification systems or serological tests are not feasible. Extremely sensitive tests (picogram range) are required for detection of the pathological protein in the asymptomatic period. Variants of existing viruses e.g. newly emerging Influenza A subtypes with the potential for pandemic spread represent an enormous threat for public health and for the safety of blood. Blood services should take precautions for an influenza pandemic. The mosquito borne Chikungunya virus turned out to be transmitted by blood transfusion and caused many infections in the islands of the Indian Ocean and in India. Newly emerging infectious agents require attention and rapid actions in order to guarantee a safe and reliable blood supply.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01231.x
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These new agents include both bacterial and viral pathogens. Many viral agents have a viremic phase during the course of infection and are transmitted by blood transfusion. New infectious agents provide a major challenge for blood services. The extend and mode of transmission through blood is initially unclear. Serological tests and molecular tools are used to detect infectious donors. A residual risk remains due to the diagnostic window period and sensitivity limits of the tests systems. Some detection systems proved to be extremely helpful, e.g. for HIV, HCV or WNV, but sometimes provide in certain periods of the infection false‐negative results due to sensitivity problems or to escape mutants (e.g. Hepatitis B). WNV provides an excellent example, how rapid and efficient blood donation services coped with this new threat for blood safety. Not all emerging infectious agents transmissible by blood represent a threat for the health. A number of putative pathogens turned out later not to be associated with pathogenesis. Prion diseases represent a particular challenge for detection in blood donors. Since the ‘normal’ cellular form the host protein is widely distributed, the usual nucleic acid amplification systems or serological tests are not feasible. Extremely sensitive tests (picogram range) are required for detection of the pathological protein in the asymptomatic period. Variants of existing viruses e.g. newly emerging Influenza A subtypes with the potential for pandemic spread represent an enormous threat for public health and for the safety of blood. Blood services should take precautions for an influenza pandemic. The mosquito borne Chikungunya virus turned out to be transmitted by blood transfusion and caused many infections in the islands of the Indian Ocean and in India. 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Journal compilation © 2009 International Society of Blood Transfusion</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-02-13"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-02-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="121">121</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="123">123</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>
: Reinhard Burger, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
E‐mail: <email>BurgerR@rki.de</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:VOXS.VOXS1231.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="0"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="0"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="1385"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Emerging pathogens and possible threats to blood services</title><title type="shortAuthors">R. Burger</title><title type="short">Emerging pathogens and possible threats</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>R.</givenNames><familyName>Burger</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">blood transfusion</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">emerging infections</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">screening</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">pandemic</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">virus transmission</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p>New pathogens emerge regularly. These new agents include both bacterial and viral pathogens. Many viral agents have a viremic phase during the course of infection and are transmitted by blood transfusion. New infectious agents provide a major challenge for blood services. The extend and mode of transmission through blood is initially unclear. Serological tests and molecular tools are used to detect infectious donors. A residual risk remains due to the diagnostic window period and sensitivity limits of the tests systems. Some detection systems proved to be extremely helpful, e.g. for HIV, HCV or WNV, but sometimes provide in certain periods of the infection false‐negative results due to sensitivity problems or to escape mutants (e.g. Hepatitis B). WNV provides an excellent example, how rapid and efficient blood donation services coped with this new threat for blood safety. Not all emerging infectious agents transmissible by blood represent a threat for the health. A number of putative pathogens turned out later not to be associated with pathogenesis. Prion diseases represent a particular challenge for detection in blood donors. Since the ‘normal’ cellular form the host protein is widely distributed, the usual nucleic acid amplification systems or serological tests are not feasible. Extremely sensitive tests (picogram range) are required for detection of the pathological protein in the asymptomatic period. Variants of existing viruses e.g. newly emerging Influenza A subtypes with the potential for pandemic spread represent an enormous threat for public health and for the safety of blood. Blood services should take precautions for an influenza pandemic. The mosquito borne Chikungunya virus turned out to be transmitted by blood transfusion and caused many infections in the islands of the Indian Ocean and in India. Newly emerging infectious agents require attention and rapid actions in order to guarantee a safe and reliable blood supply.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="n-fnt-1" numbered="no"><p>Conflicts of interest: The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Emerging pathogens and possible threats to blood services</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Emerging pathogens and possible threats</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Emerging pathogens and possible threats to blood services</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Burger</namePart><affiliation>Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-03</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">0</extent><extent unit="tables">0</extent><extent unit="formulas">0</extent><extent unit="references">0</extent><extent unit="words">1385</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">New pathogens emerge regularly. These new agents include both bacterial and viral pathogens. Many viral agents have a viremic phase during the course of infection and are transmitted by blood transfusion. New infectious agents provide a major challenge for blood services. The extend and mode of transmission through blood is initially unclear. Serological tests and molecular tools are used to detect infectious donors. A residual risk remains due to the diagnostic window period and sensitivity limits of the tests systems. Some detection systems proved to be extremely helpful, e.g. for HIV, HCV or WNV, but sometimes provide in certain periods of the infection false‐negative results due to sensitivity problems or to escape mutants (e.g. Hepatitis B). WNV provides an excellent example, how rapid and efficient blood donation services coped with this new threat for blood safety. Not all emerging infectious agents transmissible by blood represent a threat for the health. A number of putative pathogens turned out later not to be associated with pathogenesis. Prion diseases represent a particular challenge for detection in blood donors. Since the ‘normal’ cellular form the host protein is widely distributed, the usual nucleic acid amplification systems or serological tests are not feasible. Extremely sensitive tests (picogram range) are required for detection of the pathological protein in the asymptomatic period. Variants of existing viruses e.g. newly emerging Influenza A subtypes with the potential for pandemic spread represent an enormous threat for public health and for the safety of blood. Blood services should take precautions for an influenza pandemic. The mosquito borne Chikungunya virus turned out to be transmitted by blood transfusion and caused many infections in the islands of the Indian Ocean and in India. Newly emerging infectious agents require attention and rapid actions in order to guarantee a safe and reliable blood supply.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>blood transfusion</topic><topic>emerging infections</topic><topic>screening</topic><topic>pandemic</topic><topic>virus transmission</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>ISBT Science Series</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1751-2816</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1751-2824</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1751-2824</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">VOXS</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="title"><title>XIXth Regional Congress of the ISBT, Eastern Mediterranean & Europe</title></detail><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>121</start><end>123</end><total>3</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E3B55BF2E2139D9F246A8B040F6733D824B8E6DE</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-LGBBRJ3H-6</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01231.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">VOXS1231</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 The Author. 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