Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea
Identifieur interne : 000205 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000204; suivant : 000206Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea
Auteurs : Keren Yeshuroon-Koffler ; Yonat Shemer-Avni ; Ayelet Keren-Naus ; Aviv D. GoldbartSource :
- Pediatric Pulmonology [ 8755-6863 ] ; 2015-02.
Abstract
Background: Early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with OSA. Therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with OSA, and in children without OSA (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (RI)). Methods: Tonsillar tissue from patients with OSA and RI was subjected to multiplex quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (mqRTPCR), analyzed for the presence of common respiratory viruses' genetic material. Results: Fifty‐six patients were included, of whom 34 had OSA (age (years ± S.D), 4.22 ± 1.14) and 22 with RI (4.35 ± 1.36). Respiratory viruses nucleic acids (24 detections) were observed in 17 (50%) OSA samples. In contrast, no virus was detected in RI samples (relative frequency P < 0.0001). Viruses detected, based on frequency were Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and corona virus. Conclusions: Respiratory viruses are detected in OSA hypertrophic tonsils, suggestive of their role in the evolution of tonsillar inflammation and hypertrophy. Early life viral infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric OSA. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:187–195. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23005
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea</title><author><name sortKey="Yeshuroon Offler, Keren" sort="Yeshuroon Offler, Keren" uniqKey="Yeshuroon Offler K" first="Keren" last="Yeshuroon-Koffler">Keren Yeshuroon-Koffler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shemer Vni, Yonat" sort="Shemer Vni, Yonat" uniqKey="Shemer Vni Y" first="Yonat" last="Shemer-Avni">Yonat Shemer-Avni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keren Aus, Ayelet" sort="Keren Aus, Ayelet" uniqKey="Keren Aus A" first="Ayelet" last="Keren-Naus">Ayelet Keren-Naus</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldbart, Aviv D" sort="Goldbart, Aviv D" uniqKey="Goldbart A" first="Aviv D." last="Goldbart">Aviv D. Goldbart</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sleep wake disorders unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: avivgold@bgu.ac.il</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:5A13E24E828C57CC47F8A01C795173EFB31AB2FC</idno><date when="2015" year="2015">2015</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/ppul.23005</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZNF9K59S-8/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000205</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000205</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea</title><author><name sortKey="Yeshuroon Offler, Keren" sort="Yeshuroon Offler, Keren" uniqKey="Yeshuroon Offler K" first="Keren" last="Yeshuroon-Koffler">Keren Yeshuroon-Koffler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shemer Vni, Yonat" sort="Shemer Vni, Yonat" uniqKey="Shemer Vni Y" first="Yonat" last="Shemer-Avni">Yonat Shemer-Avni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keren Aus, Ayelet" sort="Keren Aus, Ayelet" uniqKey="Keren Aus A" first="Ayelet" last="Keren-Naus">Ayelet Keren-Naus</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldbart, Aviv D" sort="Goldbart, Aviv D" uniqKey="Goldbart A" first="Aviv D." last="Goldbart">Aviv D. Goldbart</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sleep wake disorders unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: avivgold@bgu.ac.il</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Pediatric Pulmonology</title><title level="j" type="alt">PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">8755-6863</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-0496</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">50</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="187">187</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="195">195</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><date type="published" when="2015-02">2015-02</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">8755-6863</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">8755-6863</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background: Early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with OSA. Therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with OSA, and in children without OSA (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (RI)). Methods: Tonsillar tissue from patients with OSA and RI was subjected to multiplex quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (mqRTPCR), analyzed for the presence of common respiratory viruses' genetic material. Results: Fifty‐six patients were included, of whom 34 had OSA (age (years ± S.D), 4.22 ± 1.14) and 22 with RI (4.35 ± 1.36). Respiratory viruses nucleic acids (24 detections) were observed in 17 (50%) OSA samples. In contrast, no virus was detected in RI samples (relative frequency P < 0.0001). Viruses detected, based on frequency were Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and corona virus. Conclusions: Respiratory viruses are detected in OSA hypertrophic tonsils, suggestive of their role in the evolution of tonsillar inflammation and hypertrophy. Early life viral infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric OSA. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:187–195. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Keren Yeshuroon‐Koffler MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yonat Shemer‐Avni PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string><json:string>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ayelet Keren‐Naus PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string><json:string>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Aviv D. Goldbart MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string><json:string>Sleep wake disorders unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</json:string><json:string>E-mail: avivgold@bgu.ac.il</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>inflammation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>OSA</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>RSV</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>virus</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>PPUL23005</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-ZNF9K59S-8</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Background: Early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with OSA. Therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with OSA, and in children without OSA (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (RI)). Methods: Tonsillar tissue from patients with OSA and RI was subjected to multiplex quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (mqRTPCR), analyzed for the presence of common respiratory viruses' genetic material. Results: Fifty‐six patients were included, of whom 34 had OSA (age (years ± S.D), 4.22 ± 1.14) and 22 with RI (4.35 ± 1.36). Respiratory viruses nucleic acids (24 detections) were observed in 17 (50%) OSA samples. In contrast, no virus was detected in RI samples (relative frequency P > 0.0001). Viruses detected, based on frequency were Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and corona virus. Conclusions: Respiratory viruses are detected in OSA hypertrophic tonsils, suggestive of their role in the evolution of tonsillar inflammation and hypertrophy. Early life viral infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric OSA. 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type="first">Keren</forename><surname>Yeshuroon‐Koffler</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Pediatrics</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><postCode>84101</postCode><country key="IL" xml:lang="en">ISRAEL</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Yonat</forename><surname>Shemer‐Avni</surname><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Clinical Virology Laboratory</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><country key="IL" xml:lang="en">ISRAEL</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><country key="IL" xml:lang="en">ISRAEL</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Ayelet</forename><surname>Keren‐Naus</surname><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Clinical Virology Laboratory</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><country key="IL" xml:lang="en">ISRAEL</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><country key="IL" xml:lang="en">ISRAEL</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Aviv D.</forename><surname>Goldbart</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Pediatrics</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><postCode>84101</postCode><country key="IL" xml:lang="en">ISRAEL</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">Sleep wake disorders unit</orgName><orgName type="institution">Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><settlement>Beer Sheva</settlement><postCode>84101</postCode><country key="IL" 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<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Summary</head><head>Background</head><p>Early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with OSA. Therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with OSA, and in children without OSA (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (RI)).</p><head>Methods</head><p>Tonsillar tissue from patients with OSA and RI was subjected to multiplex quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (mqRTPCR), analyzed for the presence of common respiratory viruses' genetic material.</p><head>Results</head><p>Fifty‐six patients were included, of whom 34 had OSA (age (years ± S.D), 4.22 ± 1.14) and 22 with RI (4.35 ± 1.36). Respiratory viruses nucleic acids (24 detections) were observed in 17 (50%) OSA samples. In contrast, no virus was detected in RI samples (relative frequency <hi rend="italic">P</hi> < 0.0001). Viruses detected, based on frequency were Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and corona virus.</p><head>Conclusions</head><p>Respiratory viruses are detected in OSA hypertrophic tonsils, suggestive of their role in the evolution of tonsillar inflammation and hypertrophy. Early life viral infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric OSA. <hi rend="bold">Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:187–195.</hi> © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0001">inflammation</term><term xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0002">OSA</term><term xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0003">RSV</term><term xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0004">virus</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Articles</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading2"><term>Sleep & Breathing</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-ZNF9K59S-8/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" xml:lang="en" type="serialArticle" xml:id="ppul23005"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0496</doi><issn type="print">8755-6863</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-0496</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="PPUL"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY">Pediatric Pulmonology</title><title type="short">Pediatr Pulmonol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi registered="yes">10.1002/ppul.v50.2</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="50">50</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2015-02">February 2015</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="110" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1002/ppul.23005</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="PPUL23005"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Original Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title><title type="tocHeading2">Sleep & Breathing</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2013-09-04"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2014-01-04"></event><event type="xmlCreated" agent="Thomson Digital" date="2014-02-21"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2014-02-24"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2014-02-24"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2015-01-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.7.2 mode:FullText" date="2016-01-05"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">187</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">195</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Correspondence to: Aviv D. Goldbart, MD, MSc, Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel 84101. E‐mail: <email>avivgold@bgu.ac.il</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file://PPUL.PPUL23005.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea</title><title type="short">Viruses and Hypertrophic Tonsils in Children with OSA</title><title type="shortAuthors">Yeshuroon‐Koffler et al</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="ppul23005-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ppul23005-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Keren</givenNames> <familyName>Yeshuroon‐Koffler</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="ppul23005-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ppul23005-aff-0002 #ppul23005-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Yonat</givenNames> <familyName>Shemer‐Avni</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="ppul23005-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ppul23005-aff-0002 #ppul23005-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Ayelet</givenNames> <familyName>Keren‐Naus</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="ppul23005-cr-0004" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ppul23005-aff-0001 #ppul23005-aff-0004" corresponding="yes"><idGroup><id type="orcid" value="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6626-5405"></id></idGroup><personName><givenNames>Aviv D.</givenNames> <familyName>Goldbart</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="ppul23005-aff-0001" countryCode="IL"><orgDiv>Department of Pediatrics</orgDiv><orgName>Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><city>Beer Sheva</city><postCode>84101</postCode><country>Israel</country></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ppul23005-aff-0002" countryCode="IL"><orgDiv>Clinical Virology Laboratory</orgDiv><orgName>Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><city>Beer Sheva</city><country>Israel</country></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ppul23005-aff-0003" countryCode="IL"><orgDiv>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics</orgDiv><orgName>Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><city>Beer Sheva</city><country>Israel</country></address></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ppul23005-aff-0004" countryCode="IL"><orgDiv>Sleep wake disorders unit</orgDiv><orgName>Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev</orgName><address><city>Beer Sheva</city><postCode>84101</postCode><country>Israel</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author" xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0001">inflammation</keyword><keyword xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0002">OSA</keyword><keyword xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0003">RSV</keyword><keyword xml:id="ppul23005-kwd-0004">virus</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Israel Science Foundation ISF 753/11</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Summary</title><section xml:id="ppul23005-sec-0001"><title type="main">Background</title><p>Early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with OSA. Therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with OSA, and in children without OSA (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (RI)).</p></section><section xml:id="ppul23005-sec-0002"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>Tonsillar tissue from patients with OSA and RI was subjected to multiplex quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (mqRTPCR), analyzed for the presence of common respiratory viruses' genetic material.</p></section><section xml:id="ppul23005-sec-0003"><title type="main">Results</title><p>Fifty‐six patients were included, of whom 34 had OSA (age (years ± S.D), 4.22 ± 1.14) and 22 with RI (4.35 ± 1.36). Respiratory viruses nucleic acids (24 detections) were observed in 17 (50%) OSA samples. In contrast, no virus was detected in RI samples (relative frequency <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Viruses detected, based on frequency were Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and corona virus.</p></section><section xml:id="ppul23005-sec-0004"><title type="main">Conclusions</title><p>Respiratory viruses are detected in OSA hypertrophic tonsils, suggestive of their role in the evolution of tonsillar inflammation and hypertrophy. Early life viral infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric OSA. <b>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:187–195.</b> © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="ppul23005-note-0006" numbered="no">Conflict of interest: None.</note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Viruses and Hypertrophic Tonsils in Children with OSA</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Keren</namePart><namePart type="family">Yeshuroon‐Koffler</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yonat</namePart><namePart type="family">Shemer‐Avni</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ayelet</namePart><namePart type="family">Keren‐Naus</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Clinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Aviv D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldbart</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><affiliation>Sleep wake disorders unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: avivgold@bgu.ac.il</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2015-02</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2014-02-21</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2013-09-04</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2014-01-04</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2015</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Background: Early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with OSA. Therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with OSA, and in children without OSA (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (RI)). Methods: Tonsillar tissue from patients with OSA and RI was subjected to multiplex quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (mqRTPCR), analyzed for the presence of common respiratory viruses' genetic material. Results: Fifty‐six patients were included, of whom 34 had OSA (age (years ± S.D), 4.22 ± 1.14) and 22 with RI (4.35 ± 1.36). Respiratory viruses nucleic acids (24 detections) were observed in 17 (50%) OSA samples. In contrast, no virus was detected in RI samples (relative frequency P < 0.0001). Viruses detected, based on frequency were Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and corona virus. Conclusions: Respiratory viruses are detected in OSA hypertrophic tonsils, suggestive of their role in the evolution of tonsillar inflammation and hypertrophy. Early life viral infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric OSA. 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