A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation
Identifieur interne : 000134 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000133; suivant : 000135A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation
Auteurs : Ajoy Basak ; Abhijit Mitra ; Sarmistha Basak ; Carolyn Pasko ; Michel Chrétien ; Pamela SeatonSource :
- ChemBioChem [ 1439-4227 ] ; 2007-06-18.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Active enzyme, Amide, Amide protons, Amino, Amino acid analysis, Amino acids, Analytical column, Authentic samples, Basak, Biochem, Bruker biospin, Chembiochem, Cleavage, Cleavage site, Cleavage sites, Comparative study, Crucial role, Crude digests, Data show, Digestion, Enzyme activity, Experimental section, Fluorogenic, Fluorogenic peptide, Furin, Furin cleavage, Furin inhibitors, Further studies, Glutamic acid, Glycoprotein, Gmbh, Hsars coronavirus cleavage, Hsars coronavirus cleavage figure, Human sars corona virus, Identical conditions, Identical levels, Inhibitor, Kcat, Kgaa, Kinetic parameters, Mass spectrometry, Model peptide, Peak intensity, Peptide, Peptide synthesis, Proteolytic maturation, Proton, Random structures, Roesy, Roesy correlations, Roesy spectra, Sars, Sars infection, Secondary structure, Seidah, Sheet content, Sheet structure, Soluble, Soluble forms, Soluble pc5a, Spike, Spike protein, Tocsy patterns, Various concentrations, Verlag, Verlag gmbh, Weinheim, Weinheim chembiochem.
Abstract
Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (hSARS‐CoV) is the causative agent for SARS infection. Its surface glycoprotein (spike protein) is considered to be one of the prime targets for SARS therapeutics and intervention because its proteolytic maturation by a host protease is crucial for host–virus fusion. Using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein (Abz‐755Glu‐Gln‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Ala‐Gln766‐Tyx‐NH2) and in vitro studies, we show that besides furin, other PCs, like PC5 and PC7, might also be involved in this cleavage event. Through kinetic measurements with recombinant PCs, we observed that the peptide was cleaved efficiently by both furin and PC5, but very poorly by PC7. The cleavage could be blocked by a PC‐inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that this peptide possesses a high degree of sheet structure. Following cleavage by furin, the sheet content increased, possibly at the expense of turn and random structures. 1H NMR spectra from 2D COSY and ROESY experiments under physiological buffer and pH conditions indicated that this peptide possesses a structure with a turn at its C‐terminal segment, close to the cleavage site. The data suggest that the cleavable peptide bond is located within the most exposed domain; this is supported by the nearby turn structure. Several strong to weak NMR ROESY correlations were detected, and a 3D structure of the spike IQF peptide that contains the crucial cleavage site R761↓E has been proposed.
Cut and fuse. A key event in SARS infection is the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein by host proteases. By using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein and in vitro studies, we show that in addition to furin, proprotein convertases PC5 and PC7 cleave the model IQF peptide. Cleavage could be blocked by the PC inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. The 3D structure of the model peptide was investigated by circular dichromism and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700007
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ISTEX:D29CE8CB83624D8644E4F01B63BBCD4B5022417CLe document en format XML
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Sarmistha" sort="Basak, Sarmistha" uniqKey="Basak S" first="Sarmistha" last="Basak">Sarmistha Basak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pasko, Carolyn" sort="Pasko, Carolyn" uniqKey="Pasko C" first="Carolyn" last="Pasko">Carolyn Pasko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chretien, Michel" sort="Chretien, Michel" uniqKey="Chretien M" first="Michel" last="Chrétien">Michel Chrétien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seaton, Pamela" sort="Seaton, Pamela" uniqKey="Seaton P" first="Pamela" last="Seaton">Pamela Seaton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">ChemBioChem</title><title level="j" type="alt">CHEMBIOCHEM</title><idno type="ISSN">1439-4227</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-7633</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1029">1029</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1037">1037</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-06-18">2007-06-18</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1439-4227</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1439-4227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Active enzyme</term><term>Amide</term><term>Amide protons</term><term>Amino</term><term>Amino acid analysis</term><term>Amino acids</term><term>Analytical column</term><term>Authentic samples</term><term>Basak</term><term>Biochem</term><term>Bruker biospin</term><term>Chembiochem</term><term>Cleavage</term><term>Cleavage site</term><term>Cleavage sites</term><term>Comparative study</term><term>Crucial role</term><term>Crude digests</term><term>Data show</term><term>Digestion</term><term>Enzyme activity</term><term>Experimental section</term><term>Fluorogenic</term><term>Fluorogenic peptide</term><term>Furin</term><term>Furin cleavage</term><term>Furin inhibitors</term><term>Further studies</term><term>Glutamic acid</term><term>Glycoprotein</term><term>Gmbh</term><term>Hsars coronavirus cleavage</term><term>Hsars coronavirus cleavage figure</term><term>Human sars corona virus</term><term>Identical conditions</term><term>Identical levels</term><term>Inhibitor</term><term>Kcat</term><term>Kgaa</term><term>Kinetic parameters</term><term>Mass spectrometry</term><term>Model peptide</term><term>Peak intensity</term><term>Peptide</term><term>Peptide synthesis</term><term>Proteolytic maturation</term><term>Proton</term><term>Random structures</term><term>Roesy</term><term>Roesy correlations</term><term>Roesy spectra</term><term>Sars</term><term>Sars infection</term><term>Secondary structure</term><term>Seidah</term><term>Sheet content</term><term>Sheet structure</term><term>Soluble</term><term>Soluble forms</term><term>Soluble pc5a</term><term>Spike</term><term>Spike protein</term><term>Tocsy patterns</term><term>Various concentrations</term><term>Verlag</term><term>Verlag gmbh</term><term>Weinheim</term><term>Weinheim chembiochem</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (hSARS‐CoV) is the causative agent for SARS infection. Its surface glycoprotein (spike protein) is considered to be one of the prime targets for SARS therapeutics and intervention because its proteolytic maturation by a host protease is crucial for host–virus fusion. Using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein (Abz‐755Glu‐Gln‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Ala‐Gln766‐Tyx‐NH2) and in vitro studies, we show that besides furin, other PCs, like PC5 and PC7, might also be involved in this cleavage event. Through kinetic measurements with recombinant PCs, we observed that the peptide was cleaved efficiently by both furin and PC5, but very poorly by PC7. The cleavage could be blocked by a PC‐inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that this peptide possesses a high degree of sheet structure. Following cleavage by furin, the sheet content increased, possibly at the expense of turn and random structures. 1H NMR spectra from 2D COSY and ROESY experiments under physiological buffer and pH conditions indicated that this peptide possesses a structure with a turn at its C‐terminal segment, close to the cleavage site. The data suggest that the cleavable peptide bond is located within the most exposed domain; this is supported by the nearby turn structure. Several strong to weak NMR ROESY correlations were detected, and a 3D structure of the spike IQF peptide that contains the crucial cleavage site R761↓E has been proposed.</div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cut and fuse. A key event in SARS infection is the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein by host proteases. By using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein and in vitro studies, we show that in addition to furin, proprotein convertases PC5 and PC7 cleave the model IQF peptide. Cleavage could be blocked by the PC inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. The 3D structure of the model peptide was investigated by circular dichromism and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>furin</json:string><json:string>peptide</json:string><json:string>sars</json:string><json:string>basak</json:string><json:string>digestion</json:string><json:string>cleavage</json:string><json:string>roesy</json:string><json:string>gmbh</json:string><json:string>glycoprotein</json:string><json:string>verlag</json:string><json:string>verlag gmbh</json:string><json:string>kgaa</json:string><json:string>weinheim</json:string><json:string>kcat</json:string><json:string>seidah</json:string><json:string>secondary structure</json:string><json:string>chembiochem</json:string><json:string>fluorogenic</json:string><json:string>biochem</json:string><json:string>amino</json:string><json:string>amino acids</json:string><json:string>sheet structure</json:string><json:string>cleavage 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figure</json:string><json:string>proton</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Ajoy Basak Prof.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Abhijit Mitra Prof.</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Manhattan College/College of Mount Saint Vincent, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sarmistha Basak Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carolyn Pasko</name><affiliations><json:string>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Michel Chrétien Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pamela Seaton Prof.</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>circular dichroism</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>furin</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>NMR spectroscopy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>protein structures</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>proteolytic cleavage</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CBIC200700007</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-M1778SDH-L</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (hSARS‐CoV) is the causative agent for SARS infection. Its surface glycoprotein (spike protein) is considered to be one of the prime targets for SARS therapeutics and intervention because its proteolytic maturation by a host protease is crucial for host–virus fusion. Using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein (Abz‐755Glu‐Gln‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Ala‐Gln766‐Tyx‐NH2) and in vitro studies, we show that besides furin, other PCs, like PC5 and PC7, might also be involved in this cleavage event. Through kinetic measurements with recombinant PCs, we observed that the peptide was cleaved efficiently by both furin and PC5, but very poorly by PC7. The cleavage could be blocked by a PC‐inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that this peptide possesses a high degree of sheet structure. Following cleavage by furin, the sheet content increased, possibly at the expense of turn and random structures. 1H NMR spectra from 2D COSY and ROESY experiments under physiological buffer and pH conditions indicated that this peptide possesses a structure with a turn at its C‐terminal segment, close to the cleavage site. The data suggest that the cleavable peptide bond is located within the most exposed domain; this is supported by the nearby turn structure. Several strong to weak NMR ROESY correlations were detected, and a 3D structure of the spike IQF peptide that contains the crucial cleavage site R761↓E has been proposed.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.808</score><pdfWordCount>6195</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>36001</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>688</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>234</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1576</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation</title><pmid><json:string>17471479</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>ChemBioChem</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1439-4227</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1439-7633</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>CBIC</json:string></publisherId><volume>8</volume><issue>9</issue><pages><first>1029</first><last>1037</last><total>9</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Full Paper</value></json:item><json:item><value>Full Papers</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>the 21st century</json:string><json:string>2007</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Bachem Inc</json:string><json:string>Golden, CO</json:string><json:string>Novabiochem</json:string><json:string>Ottawa Health Research Institute University of Ottawa</json:string><json:string>ChemImpex International</json:string><json:string>Biochem</json:string><json:string>Molecular Epidemiology Consortium, Science</json:string><json:string>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry</json:string><json:string>Aldrich Chemical Co.</json:string><json:string>Calbiochem</json:string><json:string>Sigma Chemical Co.</json:string><json:string>Bachem Inc.</json:string><json:string>Affinity BioReagents</json:string><json:string>Applied Biosystems Inc</json:string><json:string>University of North Carolina Wilmington</json:string><json:string>Softwood Co.</json:string><json:string>PE Biosystem Inc</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>P. Jiang</json:string><json:string>T. Peret</json:string><json:string>S. B. Montgomery</json:string><json:string>E. Bergeron</json:string><json:string>Brain Res</json:string><json:string>F. Plummer</json:string><json:string>C. Gallina</json:string><json:string>D. B. Weibel</json:string><json:string>P. Rota</json:string><json:string>D. E. Bassi</json:string><json:string>X. L. Liu</json:string><json:string>A. Pessi</json:string><json:string>P. Despres</json:string><json:string>J. Biol</json:string><json:string>T. C. Peret</json:string><json:string>S. Tong</json:string><json:string>K. Fan</json:string><json:string>S. Liffick</json:string><json:string>N. G. Seidah</json:string><json:string>J. S. Munzer</json:string><json:string>A. S. Petrescu</json:string><json:string>K. Ohnishi</json:string><json:string>D. G. Tard</json:string><json:string>S. T. Nichol</json:string><json:string>M. A. Wainberg</json:string><json:string>S. Zucker</json:string><json:string>A. J. P. 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KGaA, Weinheim</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2007-06-18"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Ajoy</forename><surname>Basak</surname><roleName type="degree">Prof.</roleName></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine>Hormone</addrLine><addrLine>Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</addrLine><country key="CA" xml:lang="en">CANADA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Abhijit</forename><surname>Mitra</surname><roleName type="degree">Prof.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry</orgName><orgName type="institution">Manhattan College/College of Mount Saint Vincent</orgName><address><addrLine>Riverdale</addrLine><addrLine>NY 10471, USA</addrLine><country key="US" xml:lang="en">UNITED STATES</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Sarmistha</forename><surname>Basak</surname><roleName type="degree">Dr.</roleName></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine>Hormone</addrLine><addrLine>Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</addrLine><country key="CA" xml:lang="en">CANADA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Carolyn</forename><surname>Pasko</surname></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine>Hormone</addrLine><addrLine>Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</addrLine><country key="CA" xml:lang="en">CANADA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Michel</forename><surname>Chrétien</surname><roleName type="degree">Dr.</roleName></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine>Hormone</addrLine><addrLine>Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</addrLine><country key="CA" xml:lang="en">CANADA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Pamela</forename><surname>Seaton</surname><roleName type="degree">Prof.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of North Carolina</orgName><address><addrLine>Wilmington</addrLine><addrLine>NC 28403, USA</addrLine><country key="US" xml:lang="en">UNITED STATES</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">D29CE8CB83624D8644E4F01B63BBCD4B5022417C</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-M1778SDH-L</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/cbic.200700007</idno><idno type="unit">CBIC200700007</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:CBIC.CBIC200700007.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">ChemBioChem</title><title level="j" type="alt">CHEMBIOCHEM</title><idno type="pISSN">1439-4227</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-7633</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/cbic.v8:9</idno><idno type="product">CBIC</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1029">1029</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1037">1037</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-06-18"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (hSARS‐CoV) is the causative agent for SARS infection. Its surface glycoprotein (spike protein) is considered to be one of the prime targets for SARS therapeutics and intervention because its proteolytic maturation by a host protease is crucial for host–virus fusion. Using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein (Abz‐<hi rend="superscript">755</hi>Glu‐Gln‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Ala‐Gln<hi rend="superscript">766</hi>‐Tyx‐NH<hi rend="subscript">2</hi>) and in vitro studies, we show that besides furin, other PCs, like PC5 and PC7, might also be involved in this cleavage event. Through kinetic measurements with recombinant PCs, we observed that the peptide was cleaved efficiently by both furin and PC5, but very poorly by PC7. The cleavage could be blocked by a PC‐inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that this peptide possesses a high degree of sheet structure. Following cleavage by furin, the sheet content increased, possibly at the expense of turn and random structures. <hi rend="superscript">1</hi>H NMR spectra from 2D COSY and ROESY experiments under physiological buffer and pH conditions indicated that this peptide possesses a structure with a turn at its C‐terminal segment, close to the cleavage site. The data suggest that the cleavable peptide bond is located within the most exposed domain; this is supported by the nearby turn structure. Several strong to weak NMR ROESY correlations were detected, and a 3D structure of the spike IQF peptide that contains the crucial cleavage site R<hi rend="superscript">761</hi>↓E has been proposed.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" style="graphical"><p><hi rend="bold">Cut and fuse</hi>. A key event in SARS infection is the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein by host proteases. By using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein and in vitro studies, we show that in addition to furin, proprotein convertases PC5 and PC7 cleave the model IQF peptide. Cleavage could be blocked by the PC inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. The 3D structure of the model peptide was investigated by circular dichromism and 2D <hi rend="superscript">1</hi>H NMR spectroscopy.<figure type="box"><media mimeType="image" url="urn:x-wiley:14394227:media:CBIC200700007:content"></media><media mimeType="image/gif" url="" rendition="webLoRes"></media><media mimeType="image/gif" url="" rendition="webOriginal"></media><media mimeType="image/gif" url="" rendition="webHiRes"></media></figure></p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">circular dichroism</term><term xml:id="kwd2">furin</term><term xml:id="kwd3">NMR spectroscopy</term><term xml:id="kwd4">protein structures</term><term xml:id="kwd5">proteolytic cleavage</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Full Paper</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Full Papers</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-M1778SDH-L/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisherName><publisherLoc>Weinheim</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</doi><issn type="print">1439-4227</issn><issn type="electronic">1439-7633</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CBIC"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="CHEMBIOCHEM">ChemBioChem</title><title type="short">ChemBioChem</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="90"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cbic.v8:9</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="8">8</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">9</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2007-06-18">June 18, 2007</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="13" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cbic.200700007</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CBIC200700007"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Full Paper</title><title type="tocHeading1">Full Papers</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2007-01-05"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2007-04-30"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2007-06-01"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2007-04-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.4.4 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText mathml2tex" date="2011-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-08"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-15"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">1029</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">1037</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CBIC.CBIC200700007.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="7"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="39"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa"><personName><givenNames>Ajoy</givenNames><familyName>Basak</familyName><degrees>Prof.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ab" noteRef="#fnp"><personName><givenNames>Abhijit</givenNames><familyName>Mitra</familyName><degrees>Prof.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa"><personName><givenNames>Sarmistha</givenNames><familyName>Basak</familyName><degrees>Dr.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa"><personName><givenNames>Carolyn</givenNames><familyName>Pasko</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa"><personName><givenNames>Michel</givenNames><familyName>Chrétien</familyName><degrees>Dr.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ac" noteRef="#fnp"><personName><givenNames>Pamela</givenNames><familyName>Seaton</familyName><degrees>Prof.</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="aa" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ab" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Manhattan College/College of Mount Saint Vincent, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ac" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">circular dichroism</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">furin</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">NMR spectroscopy</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">protein structures</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">proteolytic cleavage</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Edith and Richard Strauss Foundation</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Protein Engineering Network of Excellence (PENCE), Canada</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><p>Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under <url href="http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/f700007_s.pdf">http://www.wiley‐vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/f700007_s.pdf</url> or from the author.</p></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (hSARS‐CoV) is the causative agent for SARS infection. Its surface glycoprotein (spike protein) is considered to be one of the prime targets for SARS therapeutics and intervention because its proteolytic maturation by a host protease is crucial for host–virus fusion. Using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein (Abz‐<sup>755</sup>Glu‐Gln‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Ala‐Gln<sup>766</sup>‐Tyx‐NH<sub>2</sub>) and in vitro studies, we show that besides furin, other PCs, like PC5 and PC7, might also be involved in this cleavage event. Through kinetic measurements with recombinant PCs, we observed that the peptide was cleaved efficiently by both furin and PC5, but very poorly by PC7. The cleavage could be blocked by a PC‐inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that this peptide possesses a high degree of sheet structure. Following cleavage by furin, the sheet content increased, possibly at the expense of turn and random structures. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra from 2D COSY and ROESY experiments under physiological buffer and pH conditions indicated that this peptide possesses a structure with a turn at its C‐terminal segment, close to the cleavage site. The data suggest that the cleavable peptide bond is located within the most exposed domain; this is supported by the nearby turn structure. Several strong to weak NMR ROESY correlations were detected, and a 3D structure of the spike IQF peptide that contains the crucial cleavage site R<sup>761</sup>↓E has been proposed.</p></abstract><abstract type="graphical" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Cut and fuse</b>. A key event in SARS infection is the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein by host proteases. By using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein and in vitro studies, we show that in addition to furin, proprotein convertases PC5 and PC7 cleave the model IQF peptide. Cleavage could be blocked by the PC inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. The 3D structure of the model peptide was investigated by circular dichromism and 2D <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy.<blockFixed type="graphic"><mediaResourceGroup><mediaResource alt="image" eRights="yes" copyright="WILEY-VCH" href="urn:x-wiley:14394227:media:CBIC200700007:content"></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="thumbnail image" rendition="webLoRes" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="original image" rendition="webOriginal" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="magnified image" rendition="webHiRes" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource></mediaResourceGroup></blockFixed></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fnp"><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>A Fluorogenic Peptide Containing the Processing Site of Human SARS Corona Virus S‐Protein: Kinetic Evaluation and NMR Structure Elucidation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ajoy</namePart><namePart type="family">Basak</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Prof.</namePart><affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abhijit</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitra</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Prof.</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Manhattan College/College of Mount Saint Vincent, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sarmistha</namePart><namePart type="family">Basak</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carolyn</namePart><namePart type="family">Pasko</namePart><affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michel</namePart><namePart type="family">Chrétien</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><affiliation>Hormone, Growth, and Development Program, Regional Protein Chemistry Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada, Fax: (+1) 613‐761‐4355</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pamela</namePart><namePart type="family">Seaton</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Prof.</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Weinheim</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-06-18</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">7</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">39</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (hSARS‐CoV) is the causative agent for SARS infection. Its surface glycoprotein (spike protein) is considered to be one of the prime targets for SARS therapeutics and intervention because its proteolytic maturation by a host protease is crucial for host–virus fusion. Using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein (Abz‐755Glu‐Gln‐Asp‐Arg‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Ala‐Gln766‐Tyx‐NH2) and in vitro studies, we show that besides furin, other PCs, like PC5 and PC7, might also be involved in this cleavage event. Through kinetic measurements with recombinant PCs, we observed that the peptide was cleaved efficiently by both furin and PC5, but very poorly by PC7. The cleavage could be blocked by a PC‐inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that this peptide possesses a high degree of sheet structure. Following cleavage by furin, the sheet content increased, possibly at the expense of turn and random structures. 1H NMR spectra from 2D COSY and ROESY experiments under physiological buffer and pH conditions indicated that this peptide possesses a structure with a turn at its C‐terminal segment, close to the cleavage site. The data suggest that the cleavable peptide bond is located within the most exposed domain; this is supported by the nearby turn structure. Several strong to weak NMR ROESY correlations were detected, and a 3D structure of the spike IQF peptide that contains the crucial cleavage site R761↓E has been proposed.</abstract><abstract type="graphical" lang="en">Cut and fuse. A key event in SARS infection is the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein by host proteases. By using intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides based on hSARS‐CoV spike protein and in vitro studies, we show that in addition to furin, proprotein convertases PC5 and PC7 cleave the model IQF peptide. Cleavage could be blocked by the PC inhibitor, α1‐PDX, in a dose‐dependent manner. 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