COVID-19 Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons - 23 States, January 31-July 3, 2020.
Identifieur interne : 000467 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000466; suivant : 000468COVID-19 Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons - 23 States, January 31-July 3, 2020.
Auteurs : Sarah M. Hatcher ; Christine Agnew-Brune ; Mark Anderson ; Laura D. Zambrano ; Charles E. Rose ; Melissa A. Jim ; Amy Baugher ; Grace S. Liu ; Sadhna V. Patel ; Mary E. Evans ; Talia Pindyck ; Christine L. Dubray ; Jeanette J. Rainey ; Jessica Chen ; Claire Sadowski ; Kathryn Winglee ; Ana Penman-Aguilar ; Amruta Dixit ; Eudora Claw ; Carolyn Parshall ; Ellen Provost ; Aurimar Ayala ; German Gonzalez ; Jamie Ritchey ; Jonathan Davis ; Victoria Warren-Mears ; Sujata Joshi ; Thomas Weiser ; Abigail Echo-Hawk ; Adrian Dominguez ; Amy Poel ; Christy Duke ; Imani Ransby ; Andria Apostolou ; Jeffrey MccollumSource :
- MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report [ 1545-861X ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Autochtones d'Alaska (statistiques et données numériques), Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification), Disparités de l'état de santé (MeSH), Enfant (MeSH), Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Incidence (MeSH), Indice de gravité de la maladie (MeSH), Indiens d'Amérique Nord (statistiques et données numériques), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (ethnologie), Infections à coronavirus (thérapie), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Nourrisson (MeSH), Nouveau-né (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic), Pneumopathie virale (ethnologie), Pneumopathie virale (thérapie), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH), États-Unis (épidémiologie).
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- ethnologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- isolement et purification : Betacoronavirus.
- statistiques et données numériques : Autochtones d'Alaska, Indiens d'Amérique Nord.
- thérapie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- épidémiologie : États-Unis.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Disparités de l'état de santé, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Humains, Incidence, Indice de gravité de la maladie, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Pandémies, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Techniques de laboratoire clinique.
- Wicri :
- geographic : États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Alaska Natives (statistics & numerical data), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), Child (MeSH), Child, Preschool (MeSH), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (ethnology), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Female (MeSH), Health Status Disparities (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Incidence (MeSH), Indians, North American (statistics & numerical data), Infant (MeSH), Infant, Newborn (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (ethnology), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Severity of Illness Index (MeSH), Treatment Outcome (MeSH), United States (epidemiology), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : United States.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- ethnology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- statistics & numerical data : Alaska Natives, Indians, North American.
- therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult.
Abstract
Although non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons account for 0.7% of the U.S. population,* a recent analysis reported that 1.3% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported to CDC with known race and ethnicity were among AI/AN persons (1). To assess the impact of COVID-19 among the AI/AN population, reports of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases during January 22†-July 3, 2020 were analyzed. The analysis was limited to 23 states§ with >70% complete race/ethnicity information and five or more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among both AI/AN persons (alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities) and non-Hispanic white (white) persons. Among 424,899 COVID-19 cases reported by these states, 340,059 (80%) had complete race/ethnicity information; among these 340,059 cases, 9,072 (2.7%) occurred among AI/AN persons, and 138,960 (40.9%) among white persons. Among 340,059 cases with complete patient race/ethnicity data, the cumulative incidence among AI/AN persons in these 23 states was 594 per 100,000 AI/AN population (95% confidence interval [CI] = 203-1,740), compared with 169 per 100,000 white population (95% CI = 137-209) (rate ratio [RR] = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2-10.1). AI/AN persons with COVID-19 were younger (median age = 40 years; interquartile range [IQR] = 26-56 years) than were white persons (median age = 51 years; IQR = 32-67 years). More complete case report data and timely, culturally responsive, and evidence-based public health efforts that leverage the strengths of AI/AN communities are needed to decrease COVID-19 transmission and improve patient outcomes.
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6934e1
PubMed: 32853193
PubMed Central: PMC7451969
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<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Mark" sort="Anderson, Mark" uniqKey="Anderson M" first="Mark" last="Anderson">Mark Anderson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Grace S" sort="Liu, Grace S" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Grace S" last="Liu">Grace S. Liu</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Patel, Sadhna V" sort="Patel, Sadhna V" uniqKey="Patel S" first="Sadhna V" last="Patel">Sadhna V. Patel</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Evans, Mary E" sort="Evans, Mary E" uniqKey="Evans M" first="Mary E" last="Evans">Mary E. Evans</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pindyck, Talia" sort="Pindyck, Talia" uniqKey="Pindyck T" first="Talia" last="Pindyck">Talia Pindyck</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dubray, Christine L" sort="Dubray, Christine L" uniqKey="Dubray C" first="Christine L" last="Dubray">Christine L. Dubray</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rainey, Jeanette J" sort="Rainey, Jeanette J" uniqKey="Rainey J" first="Jeanette J" last="Rainey">Jeanette J. Rainey</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chen, Jessica" sort="Chen, Jessica" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jessica" last="Chen">Jessica Chen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sadowski, Claire" sort="Sadowski, Claire" uniqKey="Sadowski C" first="Claire" last="Sadowski">Claire Sadowski</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Winglee, Kathryn" sort="Winglee, Kathryn" uniqKey="Winglee K" first="Kathryn" last="Winglee">Kathryn Winglee</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Penman Aguilar, Ana" sort="Penman Aguilar, Ana" uniqKey="Penman Aguilar A" first="Ana" last="Penman-Aguilar">Ana Penman-Aguilar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dixit, Amruta" sort="Dixit, Amruta" uniqKey="Dixit A" first="Amruta" last="Dixit">Amruta Dixit</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Claw, Eudora" sort="Claw, Eudora" uniqKey="Claw E" first="Eudora" last="Claw">Eudora Claw</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Parshall, Carolyn" sort="Parshall, Carolyn" uniqKey="Parshall C" first="Carolyn" last="Parshall">Carolyn Parshall</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Provost, Ellen" sort="Provost, Ellen" uniqKey="Provost E" first="Ellen" last="Provost">Ellen Provost</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ayala, Aurimar" sort="Ayala, Aurimar" uniqKey="Ayala A" first="Aurimar" last="Ayala">Aurimar Ayala</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, German" sort="Gonzalez, German" uniqKey="Gonzalez G" first="German" last="Gonzalez">German Gonzalez</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ritchey, Jamie" sort="Ritchey, Jamie" uniqKey="Ritchey J" first="Jamie" last="Ritchey">Jamie Ritchey</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Davis, Jonathan" sort="Davis, Jonathan" uniqKey="Davis J" first="Jonathan" last="Davis">Jonathan Davis</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Warren Mears, Victoria" sort="Warren Mears, Victoria" uniqKey="Warren Mears V" first="Victoria" last="Warren-Mears">Victoria Warren-Mears</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Weiser, Thomas" sort="Weiser, Thomas" uniqKey="Weiser T" first="Thomas" last="Weiser">Thomas Weiser</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Poel, Amy" sort="Poel, Amy" uniqKey="Poel A" first="Amy" last="Poel">Amy Poel</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Duke, Christy" sort="Duke, Christy" uniqKey="Duke C" first="Christy" last="Duke">Christy Duke</name>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Alaska Natives (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Child (MeSH)</term>
<term>Child, Preschool (MeSH)</term>
<term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (ethnology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (therapy)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Health Status Disparities (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Incidence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Indians, North American (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Infant (MeSH)</term>
<term>Infant, Newborn (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (ethnology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (therapy)</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index (MeSH)</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term>
<term>United States (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Autochtones d'Alaska (statistiques et données numériques)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Disparités de l'état de santé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Enfant (MeSH)</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Incidence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Indice de gravité de la maladie (MeSH)</term>
<term>Indiens d'Amérique Nord (statistiques et données numériques)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (ethnologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (thérapie)</term>
<term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Nourrisson (MeSH)</term>
<term>Nouveau-né (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (ethnologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (thérapie)</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH)</term>
<term>États-Unis (épidémiologie)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>United States</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Alaska Natives</term>
<term>Indians, North American</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Autochtones d'Alaska</term>
<term>Indiens d'Amérique Nord</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="thérapie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>États-Unis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Child, Preschool</term>
<term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Health Status Disparities</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Incidence</term>
<term>Infant</term>
<term>Infant, Newborn</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Disparités de l'état de santé</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Incidence</term>
<term>Indice de gravité de la maladie</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Nourrisson</term>
<term>Nouveau-né</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Although non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons account for 0.7% of the U.S. population,* a recent analysis reported that 1.3% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported to CDC with known race and ethnicity were among AI/AN persons (1). To assess the impact of COVID-19 among the AI/AN population, reports of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases during January 22<sup>†</sup>
-July 3, 2020 were analyzed. The analysis was limited to 23 states<sup>§</sup>
with >70% complete race/ethnicity information and five or more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among both AI/AN persons (alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities) and non-Hispanic white (white) persons. Among 424,899 COVID-19 cases reported by these states, 340,059 (80%) had complete race/ethnicity information; among these 340,059 cases, 9,072 (2.7%) occurred among AI/AN persons, and 138,960 (40.9%) among white persons. Among 340,059 cases with complete patient race/ethnicity data, the cumulative incidence among AI/AN persons in these 23 states was 594 per 100,000 AI/AN population (95% confidence interval [CI] = 203-1,740), compared with 169 per 100,000 white population (95% CI = 137-209) (rate ratio [RR] = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2-10.1). AI/AN persons with COVID-19 were younger (median age = 40 years; interquartile range [IQR] = 26-56 years) than were white persons (median age = 51 years; IQR = 32-67 years). More complete case report data and timely, culturally responsive, and evidence-based public health efforts that leverage the strengths of AI/AN communities are needed to decrease COVID-19 transmission and improve patient outcomes.</div>
</front>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1545-861X</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>69</Volume>
<Issue>34</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Aug</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>COVID-19 Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons - 23 States, January 31-July 3, 2020.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>1166-1169</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.15585/mmwr.mm6934e1</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Although non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons account for 0.7% of the U.S. population,* a recent analysis reported that 1.3% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported to CDC with known race and ethnicity were among AI/AN persons (1). To assess the impact of COVID-19 among the AI/AN population, reports of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases during January 22<sup>†</sup>
-July 3, 2020 were analyzed. The analysis was limited to 23 states<sup>§</sup>
with >70% complete race/ethnicity information and five or more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among both AI/AN persons (alone or in combination with other races and ethnicities) and non-Hispanic white (white) persons. Among 424,899 COVID-19 cases reported by these states, 340,059 (80%) had complete race/ethnicity information; among these 340,059 cases, 9,072 (2.7%) occurred among AI/AN persons, and 138,960 (40.9%) among white persons. Among 340,059 cases with complete patient race/ethnicity data, the cumulative incidence among AI/AN persons in these 23 states was 594 per 100,000 AI/AN population (95% confidence interval [CI] = 203-1,740), compared with 169 per 100,000 white population (95% CI = 137-209) (rate ratio [RR] = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2-10.1). AI/AN persons with COVID-19 were younger (median age = 40 years; interquartile range [IQR] = 26-56 years) than were white persons (median age = 51 years; IQR = 32-67 years). More complete case report data and timely, culturally responsive, and evidence-based public health efforts that leverage the strengths of AI/AN communities are needed to decrease COVID-19 transmission and improve patient outcomes.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
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<ForeName>Sarah M</ForeName>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agnew-Brune</LastName>
<ForeName>Christine</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
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<ForeName>Mark</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
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<ForeName>Laura D</ForeName>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName>
<ForeName>Grace S</ForeName>
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<ForeName>Sadhna V</ForeName>
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<ForeName>Jeanette J</ForeName>
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<ForeName>Amruta</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
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<ForeName>Eudora</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
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<ForeName>Carolyn</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
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<ForeName>Ellen</ForeName>
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<ForeName>Aurimar</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gonzalez</LastName>
<ForeName>German</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ritchey</LastName>
<ForeName>Jamie</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davis</LastName>
<ForeName>Jonathan</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Warren-Mears</LastName>
<ForeName>Victoria</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Joshi</LastName>
<ForeName>Sujata</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weiser</LastName>
<ForeName>Thomas</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Echo-Hawk</LastName>
<ForeName>Abigail</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dominguez</LastName>
<ForeName>Adrian</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poel</LastName>
<ForeName>Amy</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duke</LastName>
<ForeName>Christy</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ransby</LastName>
<ForeName>Imani</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Apostolou</LastName>
<ForeName>Andria</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McCollum</LastName>
<ForeName>Jeffrey</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
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<Language>eng</Language>
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<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
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<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>7802429</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0149-2195</ISSNLinking>
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<SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000657964">COVID-19 diagnostic testing</SupplMeshName>
<SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName>
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<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000072957" MajorTopicYN="N">Alaska Natives</DescriptorName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054624" MajorTopicYN="Y">Health Status Disparities</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007198" MajorTopicYN="N">Indians, North American</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014481" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">United States</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName>
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<CoiStatement>All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.</CoiStatement>
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