Incorrect Use of Face Masks during the Current COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japan.
Identifieur interne : 000308 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000307; suivant : 000309Incorrect Use of Face Masks during the Current COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japan.
Auteurs : Masaki Machida ; Itaru Nakamura ; Reiko Saito ; Tomoki Nakaya ; Tomoya Hanibuchi ; Tomoko Takamiya ; Yuko Odagiri ; Noritoshi Fukushima ; Hiroyuki Kikuchi ; Shiho Amagasa ; Takako Kojima ; Hidehiro Watanabe ; Shigeru InoueSource :
- International journal of environmental research and public health [ 1660-4601 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Equipment Failure (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Japan (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Masks (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (prevention & control), Pneumonia, Viral (prevention & control), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic : Japan.
- prevention & control : Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Aged, Betacoronavirus, Cross-Sectional Studies, Equipment Failure, Female, Humans, Male, Masks, Middle Aged, Young Adult.
Abstract
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks by healthy individuals for prevention has been attracting public attention. However, efficacy depends on proper usage. We set out to determine the prevalence of wearing masks to prevent COVID-19 and compliance with appropriate measures for the correct use of face masks among the general public in Japan where wearing medical masks is a "cultural" normality. This cross-sectional study was based on an internet-based survey completed by 2141 people (50.8% men, aged 20-79 years) who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company between 1 April and 6 April 2020. Participants were asked to indicate how often they wore masks for prevention and to what extent they practiced appropriate measures suggested by the World Health Organization. The prevalence of wearing masks was 80.9% and compliance rates with appropriate measures ranged from 38.3% to 83.5%. Only 23.1% complied with all recommendations. Compliance rates were overall low in men and persons with low household incomes. Our results, hence show that many citizens implement inaccurate measures when using face masks. Therefore, providing guidance on correct usage is essential when encouraging the use of face masks to prevent COVID-19.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186484
PubMed: 32899922
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32899922Le document en format XML
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sort="Saito, Reiko" uniqKey="Saito R" first="Reiko" last="Saito">Reiko Saito</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakaya, Tomoki" sort="Nakaya, Tomoki" uniqKey="Nakaya T" first="Tomoki" last="Nakaya">Tomoki Nakaya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanibuchi, Tomoya" sort="Hanibuchi, Tomoya" uniqKey="Hanibuchi T" first="Tomoya" last="Hanibuchi">Tomoya Hanibuchi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takamiya, Tomoko" sort="Takamiya, Tomoko" uniqKey="Takamiya T" first="Tomoko" last="Takamiya">Tomoko Takamiya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odagiri, Yuko" sort="Odagiri, Yuko" uniqKey="Odagiri Y" first="Yuko" last="Odagiri">Yuko Odagiri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukushima, Noritoshi" sort="Fukushima, Noritoshi" uniqKey="Fukushima N" first="Noritoshi" last="Fukushima">Noritoshi Fukushima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kikuchi, Hiroyuki" sort="Kikuchi, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Kikuchi H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Kikuchi">Hiroyuki Kikuchi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amagasa, Shiho" sort="Amagasa, Shiho" uniqKey="Amagasa S" first="Shiho" last="Amagasa">Shiho Amagasa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kojima, Takako" sort="Kojima, Takako" uniqKey="Kojima T" first="Takako" last="Kojima">Takako Kojima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of International Medical Communications, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Hidehiro" sort="Watanabe, Hidehiro" uniqKey="Watanabe H" first="Hidehiro" last="Watanabe">Hidehiro Watanabe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inoue, Shigeru" sort="Inoue, Shigeru" uniqKey="Inoue S" first="Shigeru" last="Inoue">Shigeru Inoue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32899922</idno><idno type="pmid">32899922</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph17186484</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000308</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000308</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Incorrect Use of Face Masks during the Current COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japan.</title><author><name sortKey="Machida, Masaki" sort="Machida, Masaki" uniqKey="Machida M" first="Masaki" last="Machida">Masaki Machida</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Itaru" sort="Nakamura, Itaru" uniqKey="Nakamura I" first="Itaru" last="Nakamura">Itaru Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, Reiko" sort="Saito, Reiko" uniqKey="Saito R" first="Reiko" last="Saito">Reiko Saito</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakaya, Tomoki" sort="Nakaya, Tomoki" uniqKey="Nakaya T" first="Tomoki" last="Nakaya">Tomoki Nakaya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanibuchi, Tomoya" sort="Hanibuchi, Tomoya" uniqKey="Hanibuchi T" first="Tomoya" last="Hanibuchi">Tomoya Hanibuchi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takamiya, Tomoko" sort="Takamiya, Tomoko" uniqKey="Takamiya T" first="Tomoko" last="Takamiya">Tomoko Takamiya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odagiri, Yuko" sort="Odagiri, Yuko" uniqKey="Odagiri Y" first="Yuko" last="Odagiri">Yuko Odagiri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukushima, Noritoshi" sort="Fukushima, Noritoshi" uniqKey="Fukushima N" first="Noritoshi" last="Fukushima">Noritoshi Fukushima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kikuchi, Hiroyuki" sort="Kikuchi, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Kikuchi H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Kikuchi">Hiroyuki Kikuchi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amagasa, Shiho" sort="Amagasa, Shiho" uniqKey="Amagasa S" first="Shiho" last="Amagasa">Shiho Amagasa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kojima, Takako" sort="Kojima, Takako" uniqKey="Kojima T" first="Takako" last="Kojima">Takako Kojima</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of International Medical Communications, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, Hidehiro" sort="Watanabe, Hidehiro" uniqKey="Watanabe H" first="Hidehiro" last="Watanabe">Hidehiro Watanabe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inoue, Shigeru" sort="Inoue, Shigeru" uniqKey="Inoue S" first="Shigeru" last="Inoue">Shigeru Inoue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of environmental research and public health</title><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Equipment Failure (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Japan (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Masks (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (prevention & control)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (prevention & control)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Japan</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Equipment Failure</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Masks</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks by healthy individuals for prevention has been attracting public attention. However, efficacy depends on proper usage. We set out to determine the prevalence of wearing masks to prevent COVID-19 and compliance with appropriate measures for the correct use of face masks among the general public in Japan where wearing medical masks is a "cultural" normality. This cross-sectional study was based on an internet-based survey completed by 2141 people (50.8% men, aged 20-79 years) who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company between 1 April and 6 April 2020. Participants were asked to indicate how often they wore masks for prevention and to what extent they practiced appropriate measures suggested by the World Health Organization. The prevalence of wearing masks was 80.9% and compliance rates with appropriate measures ranged from 38.3% to 83.5%. Only 23.1% complied with all recommendations. Compliance rates were overall low in men and persons with low household incomes. Our results, hence show that many citizens implement inaccurate measures when using face masks. Therefore, providing guidance on correct usage is essential when encouraging the use of face masks to prevent COVID-19.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32899922</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1660-4601</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>18</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>06</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of environmental research and public health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Environ Res Public Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Incorrect Use of Face Masks during the Current COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japan.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E6484</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/ijerph17186484</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks by healthy individuals for prevention has been attracting public attention. However, efficacy depends on proper usage. We set out to determine the prevalence of wearing masks to prevent COVID-19 and compliance with appropriate measures for the correct use of face masks among the general public in Japan where wearing medical masks is a "cultural" normality. This cross-sectional study was based on an internet-based survey completed by 2141 people (50.8% men, aged 20-79 years) who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company between 1 April and 6 April 2020. Participants were asked to indicate how often they wore masks for prevention and to what extent they practiced appropriate measures suggested by the World Health Organization. The prevalence of wearing masks was 80.9% and compliance rates with appropriate measures ranged from 38.3% to 83.5%. Only 23.1% complied with all recommendations. Compliance rates were overall low in men and persons with low household incomes. Our results, hence show that many citizens implement inaccurate measures when using face masks. Therefore, providing guidance on correct usage is essential when encouraging the use of face masks to prevent COVID-19.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Machida</LastName><ForeName>Masaki</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7060-7305</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nakamura</LastName><ForeName>Itaru</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saito</LastName><ForeName>Reiko</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nakaya</LastName><ForeName>Tomoki</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hanibuchi</LastName><ForeName>Tomoya</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Takamiya</LastName><ForeName>Tomoko</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Odagiri</LastName><ForeName>Yuko</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fukushima</LastName><ForeName>Noritoshi</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kikuchi</LastName><ForeName>Hiroyuki</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0510-1030</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amagasa</LastName><ForeName>Shiho</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6047-0771</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kojima</LastName><ForeName>Takako</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of International Medical Communications, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Watanabe</LastName><ForeName>Hidehiro</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Inoue</LastName><ForeName>Shigeru</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1931-2613</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Environ Res Public Health</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101238455</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1660-4601</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004868" MajorTopicYN="Y">Equipment Failure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007564" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Japan</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008397" MajorTopicYN="Y">Masks</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">face mask</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pandemic</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">protective measures</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">public health</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>1</Hour><Minute>5</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32899922</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">ijerph17186484</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3390/ijerph17186484</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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