Electrocardiographic findings of methanol toxicity: a cross-sectional study of 356 cases in Iran.
Identifieur interne : 000217 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000216; suivant : 000218Electrocardiographic findings of methanol toxicity: a cross-sectional study of 356 cases in Iran.
Auteurs : Mohammad Hossein Nikoo ; Alireza Arjangzadeh ; Maryam Pakfetrat ; Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar ; Vahid Mohammadkarimi ; Vahid Reza Ostovan ; Zohre Khodamoradi ; Jamshid Roozbeh ; Mohammadreza Khalili ; Farnaz Kamali Haghighi Shirazi ; Paryia Kouhi ; Seyed Taghi HeydariSource :
- BMC cardiovascular disorders [ 1471-2261 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Alcoholic Beverages (MeSH), Atrioventricular Block (blood), Atrioventricular Block (chemically induced), Atrioventricular Block (physiopathology), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Blindness (blood), Blindness (chemically induced), Blindness (physiopathology), Blood Gas Analysis (MeSH), Brugada Syndrome (blood), Brugada Syndrome (chemically induced), Brugada Syndrome (physiopathology), Consciousness Disorders (blood), Consciousness Disorders (chemically induced), Consciousness Disorders (physiopathology), Coronavirus Infections (MeSH), Electrocardiography (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Food Contamination (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydrogen-Ion Concentration (MeSH), Iran (MeSH), Long QT Syndrome (blood), Long QT Syndrome (chemically induced), Long QT Syndrome (physiopathology), Male (MeSH), Methanol (poisoning), Middle Aged (MeSH), Multivariate Analysis (MeSH), Myocardial Infarction (blood), Myocardial Infarction (chemically induced), Myocardial Infarction (physiopathology), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH), Poisoning (blood), Poisoning (physiopathology), Sex Factors (MeSH), Solvents (poisoning), Tachycardia, Sinus (blood), Tachycardia, Sinus (chemically induced), Tachycardia, Sinus (physiopathology), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , poisoning : Methanol, Solvents.
- geographic : Iran.
- blood : Atrioventricular Block, Blindness, Brugada Syndrome, Consciousness Disorders, Long QT Syndrome, Myocardial Infarction, Poisoning, Tachycardia, Sinus.
- chemically induced : Atrioventricular Block, Blindness, Brugada Syndrome, Consciousness Disorders, Long QT Syndrome, Myocardial Infarction, Tachycardia, Sinus.
- physiopathology : Atrioventricular Block, Blindness, Brugada Syndrome, Consciousness Disorders, Long QT Syndrome, Myocardial Infarction, Poisoning, Tachycardia, Sinus.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholic Beverages, Betacoronavirus, Blood Gas Analysis, Coronavirus Infections, Electrocardiography, Female, Food Contamination, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Sex Factors, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Methanol is widely used in industry; however, methanol poisoning is not common. In this regard, a number of outbreaks have been recently reported due to inappropriate processing of alcoholic beverages. Shiraz, a city located in the southern part of Iran, faced one of such outbreaks in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic. There is no sufficient literature on the electrocardiographic findings in methanol toxicity. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature.
METHOD
A total of 356 cases with methanol toxicity referred to Shiraz University of Medical Science Tertiary Hospitals (Faghihi and Namazi) in March and April, 2020. The clinical findings of blindness and impaired level of consciousness, lab data such as arterial blood gas, electrolytes, and creatinine, and the most common findings from ECGs were collected.
RESULTS
The most common ECG findings were J point elevation (68.8%), presence of U wave (59.2%), QTc prolongation (53.2% in males and 28.6% in females), and fragmented QRS (33.7%). An outstanding finding in this study was the presence of myocardial infarction in 5.3% of the cases. This finding, to the best of our knowledge, has only been reported in a few case reports. Brugada pattern (8.1%) and Osborn wave (3.7%) were the other interesting findings. In multivariate analysis, when confounding factors were adjusted, myocardial infarction, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, sinus tachycardia, and the prolonged QTC > 500 msecond were four independent factors correlated with methanol toxicity severity measured with arterial blood PH on arterial blood gas measurements, with odds ratios of 12.82, 4.46, 2.32 and 3.15 (P < 0.05 for all), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Electrocardiographic variations during methanol intoxication are remarkable and well-correlated with poisoning severity. Myocardial infarction was an egregious and yet a common concerning finding in this sample, which need to be ruled out in methanol toxicity.
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01691-y
PubMed: 32928149
PubMed Central: PMC7488223
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32928149Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Arjangzadeh, Alireza" sort="Arjangzadeh, Alireza" uniqKey="Arjangzadeh A" first="Alireza" last="Arjangzadeh">Alireza Arjangzadeh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pakfetrat, Maryam" sort="Pakfetrat, Maryam" uniqKey="Pakfetrat M" first="Maryam" last="Pakfetrat">Maryam Pakfetrat</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Boogar, Shahrokh Sadeghi" sort="Boogar, Shahrokh Sadeghi" uniqKey="Boogar S" first="Shahrokh Sadeghi" last="Boogar">Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mohammadkarimi, Vahid" sort="Mohammadkarimi, Vahid" uniqKey="Mohammadkarimi V" first="Vahid" last="Mohammadkarimi">Vahid Mohammadkarimi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ostovan, Vahid Reza" sort="Ostovan, Vahid Reza" uniqKey="Ostovan V" first="Vahid Reza" last="Ostovan">Vahid Reza Ostovan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Roozbeh, Jamshid" sort="Roozbeh, Jamshid" uniqKey="Roozbeh J" first="Jamshid" last="Roozbeh">Jamshid Roozbeh</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Khalili, Mohammadreza" sort="Khalili, Mohammadreza" uniqKey="Khalili M" first="Mohammadreza" last="Khalili">Mohammadreza Khalili</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Poostchi Eye Research Centre, Ophthalmology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Shirazi, Farnaz Kamali Haghighi" sort="Shirazi, Farnaz Kamali Haghighi" uniqKey="Shirazi F" first="Farnaz Kamali Haghighi" last="Shirazi">Farnaz Kamali Haghighi Shirazi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kouhi, Paryia" sort="Kouhi, Paryia" uniqKey="Kouhi P" first="Paryia" last="Kouhi">Paryia Kouhi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Heydari, Seyed Taghi" sort="Heydari, Seyed Taghi" uniqKey="Heydari S" first="Seyed Taghi" last="Heydari">Seyed Taghi Heydari</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Building No.2.8th Floor School of Medicine Zand Avenue, P.O.Box:71345-1877, Shiraz, Iran. heydari.st@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Electrocardiographic findings of methanol toxicity: a cross-sectional study of 356 cases in Iran.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Nikoo, Mohammad Hossein" sort="Nikoo, Mohammad Hossein" uniqKey="Nikoo M" first="Mohammad Hossein" last="Nikoo">Mohammad Hossein Nikoo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Non-communicable Disease Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Arjangzadeh, Alireza" sort="Arjangzadeh, Alireza" uniqKey="Arjangzadeh A" first="Alireza" last="Arjangzadeh">Alireza Arjangzadeh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Pakfetrat, Maryam" sort="Pakfetrat, Maryam" uniqKey="Pakfetrat M" first="Maryam" last="Pakfetrat">Maryam Pakfetrat</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boogar, Shahrokh Sadeghi" sort="Boogar, Shahrokh Sadeghi" uniqKey="Boogar S" first="Shahrokh Sadeghi" last="Boogar">Shahrokh Sadeghi Boogar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohammadkarimi, Vahid" sort="Mohammadkarimi, Vahid" uniqKey="Mohammadkarimi V" first="Vahid" last="Mohammadkarimi">Vahid Mohammadkarimi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostovan, Vahid Reza" sort="Ostovan, Vahid Reza" uniqKey="Ostovan V" first="Vahid Reza" last="Ostovan">Vahid Reza Ostovan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Poostchi Eye Research Centre, Ophthalmology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Khodamoradi, Zohre" sort="Khodamoradi, Zohre" uniqKey="Khodamoradi Z" first="Zohre" last="Khodamoradi">Zohre Khodamoradi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roozbeh, Jamshid" sort="Roozbeh, Jamshid" uniqKey="Roozbeh J" first="Jamshid" last="Roozbeh">Jamshid Roozbeh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khalili, Mohammadreza" sort="Khalili, Mohammadreza" uniqKey="Khalili M" first="Mohammadreza" last="Khalili">Mohammadreza Khalili</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Poostchi Eye Research Centre, Ophthalmology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shirazi, Farnaz Kamali Haghighi" sort="Shirazi, Farnaz Kamali Haghighi" uniqKey="Shirazi F" first="Farnaz Kamali Haghighi" last="Shirazi">Farnaz Kamali Haghighi Shirazi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kouhi, Paryia" sort="Kouhi, Paryia" uniqKey="Kouhi P" first="Paryia" last="Kouhi">Paryia Kouhi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heydari, Seyed Taghi" sort="Heydari, Seyed Taghi" uniqKey="Heydari S" first="Seyed Taghi" last="Heydari">Seyed Taghi Heydari</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Building No.2.8th Floor School of Medicine Zand Avenue, P.O.Box:71345-1877, Shiraz, Iran. heydari.st@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC cardiovascular disorders</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2261</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Alcoholic Beverages (MeSH)</term>
<term>Atrioventricular Block (blood)</term>
<term>Atrioventricular Block (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Atrioventricular Block (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Blindness (blood)</term>
<term>Blindness (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Blindness (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Blood Gas Analysis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Brugada Syndrome (blood)</term>
<term>Brugada Syndrome (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Brugada Syndrome (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Consciousness Disorders (blood)</term>
<term>Consciousness Disorders (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Consciousness Disorders (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (MeSH)</term>
<term>Electrocardiography (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Food Contamination (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration (MeSH)</term>
<term>Iran (MeSH)</term>
<term>Long QT Syndrome (blood)</term>
<term>Long QT Syndrome (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Long QT Syndrome (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Methanol (poisoning)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Multivariate Analysis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Myocardial Infarction (blood)</term>
<term>Myocardial Infarction (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Myocardial Infarction (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH)</term>
<term>Poisoning (blood)</term>
<term>Poisoning (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Sex Factors (MeSH)</term>
<term>Solvents (poisoning)</term>
<term>Tachycardia, Sinus (blood)</term>
<term>Tachycardia, Sinus (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Tachycardia, Sinus (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="poisoning" xml:lang="en"><term>Methanol</term>
<term>Solvents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Iran</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Atrioventricular Block</term>
<term>Blindness</term>
<term>Brugada Syndrome</term>
<term>Consciousness Disorders</term>
<term>Long QT Syndrome</term>
<term>Myocardial Infarction</term>
<term>Poisoning</term>
<term>Tachycardia, Sinus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemically induced" xml:lang="en"><term>Atrioventricular Block</term>
<term>Blindness</term>
<term>Brugada Syndrome</term>
<term>Consciousness Disorders</term>
<term>Long QT Syndrome</term>
<term>Myocardial Infarction</term>
<term>Tachycardia, Sinus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Atrioventricular Block</term>
<term>Blindness</term>
<term>Brugada Syndrome</term>
<term>Consciousness Disorders</term>
<term>Long QT Syndrome</term>
<term>Myocardial Infarction</term>
<term>Poisoning</term>
<term>Tachycardia, Sinus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Alcoholic Beverages</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Blood Gas Analysis</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Electrocardiography</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Food Contamination</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Multivariate Analysis</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
<term>Sex Factors</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Methanol is widely used in industry; however, methanol poisoning is not common. In this regard, a number of outbreaks have been recently reported due to inappropriate processing of alcoholic beverages. Shiraz, a city located in the southern part of Iran, faced one of such outbreaks in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic. There is no sufficient literature on the electrocardiographic findings in methanol toxicity. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHOD</b>
</p>
<p>A total of 356 cases with methanol toxicity referred to Shiraz University of Medical Science Tertiary Hospitals (Faghihi and Namazi) in March and April, 2020. The clinical findings of blindness and impaired level of consciousness, lab data such as arterial blood gas, electrolytes, and creatinine, and the most common findings from ECGs were collected.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>The most common ECG findings were J point elevation (68.8%), presence of U wave (59.2%), QTc prolongation (53.2% in males and 28.6% in females), and fragmented QRS (33.7%). An outstanding finding in this study was the presence of myocardial infarction in 5.3% of the cases. This finding, to the best of our knowledge, has only been reported in a few case reports. Brugada pattern (8.1%) and Osborn wave (3.7%) were the other interesting findings. In multivariate analysis, when confounding factors were adjusted, myocardial infarction, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, sinus tachycardia, and the prolonged QTC > 500 msecond were four independent factors correlated with methanol toxicity severity measured with arterial blood PH on arterial blood gas measurements, with odds ratios of 12.82, 4.46, 2.32 and 3.15 (P < 0.05 for all), respectively.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>Electrocardiographic variations during methanol intoxication are remarkable and well-correlated with poisoning severity. Myocardial infarction was an egregious and yet a common concerning finding in this sample, which need to be ruled out in methanol toxicity.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32928149</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>24</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2261</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>BMC cardiovascular disorders</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>BMC Cardiovasc Disord</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Electrocardiographic findings of methanol toxicity: a cross-sectional study of 356 cases in Iran.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>415</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12872-020-01691-y</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Methanol is widely used in industry; however, methanol poisoning is not common. In this regard, a number of outbreaks have been recently reported due to inappropriate processing of alcoholic beverages. Shiraz, a city located in the southern part of Iran, faced one of such outbreaks in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic. There is no sufficient literature on the electrocardiographic findings in methanol toxicity. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHOD">A total of 356 cases with methanol toxicity referred to Shiraz University of Medical Science Tertiary Hospitals (Faghihi and Namazi) in March and April, 2020. The clinical findings of blindness and impaired level of consciousness, lab data such as arterial blood gas, electrolytes, and creatinine, and the most common findings from ECGs were collected.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS">The most common ECG findings were J point elevation (68.8%), presence of U wave (59.2%), QTc prolongation (53.2% in males and 28.6% in females), and fragmented QRS (33.7%). An outstanding finding in this study was the presence of myocardial infarction in 5.3% of the cases. This finding, to the best of our knowledge, has only been reported in a few case reports. Brugada pattern (8.1%) and Osborn wave (3.7%) were the other interesting findings. In multivariate analysis, when confounding factors were adjusted, myocardial infarction, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, sinus tachycardia, and the prolonged QTC > 500 msecond were four independent factors correlated with methanol toxicity severity measured with arterial blood PH on arterial blood gas measurements, with odds ratios of 12.82, 4.46, 2.32 and 3.15 (P < 0.05 for all), respectively.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Electrocardiographic variations during methanol intoxication are remarkable and well-correlated with poisoning severity. Myocardial infarction was an egregious and yet a common concerning finding in this sample, which need to be ruled out in methanol toxicity.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nikoo</LastName>
<ForeName>Mohammad Hossein</ForeName>
<Initials>MH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Non-communicable Disease Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arjangzadeh</LastName>
<ForeName>Alireza</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pakfetrat</LastName>
<ForeName>Maryam</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boogar</LastName>
<ForeName>Shahrokh Sadeghi</ForeName>
<Initials>SS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohammadkarimi</LastName>
<ForeName>Vahid</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ostovan</LastName>
<ForeName>Vahid Reza</ForeName>
<Initials>VR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Poostchi Eye Research Centre, Ophthalmology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khodamoradi</LastName>
<ForeName>Zohre</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School Of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roozbeh</LastName>
<ForeName>Jamshid</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khalili</LastName>
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