Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Patients in Beijing, China: A Retrospective Study.
Identifieur interne : 000089 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000088; suivant : 000090Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Patients in Beijing, China: A Retrospective Study.
Auteurs : Aibin Wang ; Guiju Gao ; Sa Wang ; Meiling Chen ; Fang Qian ; Weiming Tang ; Yanli Xu ; Rui Song ; Liwei Zhuang ; Xiaoyang Ma ; Tianwei Zhao ; Xiaodi Guo ; Wei Li ; Xudong Wang ; Baoliang Li ; Chun Hu ; Zhihai Chen ; Fujie ZhangSource :
- Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research [ 1643-3750 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Bacterial Infections (etiology), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), China (MeSH), Cities (epidemiology), Comorbidity (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (complications), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Female (MeSH), Fever (etiology), Humans (MeSH), Logistic Models (MeSH), Lymphopenia (etiology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (complications), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (etiology), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Cities.
- geographic : China.
- complications : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- etiology : Bacterial Infections, Fever, Lymphopenia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Betacoronavirus, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, and acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) plays an important role in the process of disease aggravation. The detailed clinical course and risk factors of ARDS have not been well described. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of adult confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020 and compared the differences between ARDS cases and non-ARDS cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed to explore the risk factors associated with ARDS. RESULTS Of the 130 adult patients enrolled in this study, the median age was 46.5 (34-62) years and 76 (58.5%) were male. ARDS developed in 26 (20.0%) and 1 (0.8%) death occurred. Fever occurred in 114 patients, with a median highest temperature of 38.5 (38-39)°C and median fever duration of 8 (3-11) days. The median time from illness onset to ARDS was 10 (6-13) days, the median time to chest CT improvement was 17 (14-21) days, and median time to negative nucleic acid test result was 27 (17-33) days. Multivariate regression analysis showed increasing odds of ARDS associated with age older than 65 years (OR=4.75, 95% CL1.26-17.89, P=0.021), lymphocyte counts [0.5-1×10⁹/L (OR=8.80, 95% CL 2.22-34.99, P=0.002); <0.5×10⁹/L(OR=36.23, 95% CL 4.63-2083.48, P=0.001)], and temperature peak ≥39.1°C (OR=5.35, 95% CL 1.38-20.76, P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS ARDS tended to occur in the second week of the disease course. Potential risk factors for ARDS were older age (>65 years), lymphopenia (≤1.0×10⁹/L), and temperature peak (≥39.1°C). These findings could help clinicians to predict which patients will have a poor prognosis at an early stage.
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.925974
PubMed: 32973126
PubMed Central: PMC7523414
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32973126Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Patients in Beijing, China: A Retrospective Study.</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Aibin" sort="Wang, Aibin" uniqKey="Wang A" first="Aibin" last="Wang">Aibin Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Guiju" sort="Gao, Guiju" uniqKey="Gao G" first="Guiju" last="Gao">Guiju Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sa" sort="Wang, Sa" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Sa" last="Wang">Sa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Meiling" sort="Chen, Meiling" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Meiling" last="Chen">Meiling Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical Record Statistics Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, Fang" sort="Qian, Fang" uniqKey="Qian F" first="Fang" last="Qian">Fang Qian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Weiming" sort="Tang, Weiming" uniqKey="Tang W" first="Weiming" last="Tang">Weiming Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of North Carolina Project-China, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Yanli" sort="Xu, Yanli" uniqKey="Xu Y" first="Yanli" last="Xu">Yanli Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Rui" sort="Song, Rui" uniqKey="Song R" first="Rui" last="Song">Rui Song</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Liwei" sort="Zhuang, Liwei" uniqKey="Zhuang L" first="Liwei" last="Zhuang">Liwei Zhuang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Xiaoyang" sort="Ma, Xiaoyang" uniqKey="Ma X" first="Xiaoyang" last="Ma">Xiaoyang Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Tianwei" sort="Zhao, Tianwei" uniqKey="Zhao T" first="Tianwei" last="Zhao">Tianwei Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaodi" sort="Guo, Xiaodi" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaodi" last="Guo">Xiaodi Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Wei" sort="Li, Wei" uniqKey="Li W" first="Wei" last="Li">Wei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xudong" sort="Wang, Xudong" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xudong" last="Wang">Xudong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Baoliang" sort="Li, Baoliang" uniqKey="Li B" first="Baoliang" last="Li">Baoliang Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Chun" sort="Hu, Chun" uniqKey="Hu C" first="Chun" last="Hu">Chun Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Zhihai" sort="Chen, Zhihai" uniqKey="Chen Z" first="Zhihai" last="Chen">Zhihai Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fujie" sort="Zhang, Fujie" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fujie" last="Zhang">Fujie Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32973126</idno><idno type="pmid">32973126</idno><idno type="doi">10.12659/MSM.925974</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7523414</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000089</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000089</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Patients in Beijing, China: A Retrospective Study.</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Aibin" sort="Wang, Aibin" uniqKey="Wang A" first="Aibin" last="Wang">Aibin Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Guiju" sort="Gao, Guiju" uniqKey="Gao G" first="Guiju" last="Gao">Guiju Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sa" sort="Wang, Sa" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Sa" last="Wang">Sa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Meiling" sort="Chen, Meiling" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Meiling" last="Chen">Meiling Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical Record Statistics Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, Fang" sort="Qian, Fang" uniqKey="Qian F" first="Fang" last="Qian">Fang Qian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Weiming" sort="Tang, Weiming" uniqKey="Tang W" first="Weiming" last="Tang">Weiming Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of North Carolina Project-China, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Yanli" sort="Xu, Yanli" uniqKey="Xu Y" first="Yanli" last="Xu">Yanli Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Rui" sort="Song, Rui" uniqKey="Song R" first="Rui" last="Song">Rui Song</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Liwei" sort="Zhuang, Liwei" uniqKey="Zhuang L" first="Liwei" last="Zhuang">Liwei Zhuang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Xiaoyang" sort="Ma, Xiaoyang" uniqKey="Ma X" first="Xiaoyang" last="Ma">Xiaoyang Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Tianwei" sort="Zhao, Tianwei" uniqKey="Zhao T" first="Tianwei" last="Zhao">Tianwei Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Xiaodi" sort="Guo, Xiaodi" uniqKey="Guo X" first="Xiaodi" last="Guo">Xiaodi Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Wei" sort="Li, Wei" uniqKey="Li W" first="Wei" last="Li">Wei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xudong" sort="Wang, Xudong" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xudong" last="Wang">Xudong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Baoliang" sort="Li, Baoliang" uniqKey="Li B" first="Baoliang" last="Li">Baoliang Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Chun" sort="Hu, Chun" uniqKey="Hu C" first="Chun" last="Hu">Chun Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Zhihai" sort="Chen, Zhihai" uniqKey="Chen Z" first="Zhihai" last="Chen">Zhihai Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fujie" sort="Zhang, Fujie" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fujie" last="Zhang">Fujie Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research</title><idno type="eISSN">1643-3750</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Bacterial Infections (etiology)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Cities (epidemiology)</term><term>Comorbidity (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (complications)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Fever (etiology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Logistic Models (MeSH)</term><term>Lymphopenia (etiology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (complications)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult (etiology)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cities</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacterial Infections</term><term>Fever</term><term>Lymphopenia</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Comorbidity</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Logistic Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, and acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) plays an important role in the process of disease aggravation. The detailed clinical course and risk factors of ARDS have not been well described. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of adult confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020 and compared the differences between ARDS cases and non-ARDS cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed to explore the risk factors associated with ARDS. RESULTS Of the 130 adult patients enrolled in this study, the median age was 46.5 (34-62) years and 76 (58.5%) were male. ARDS developed in 26 (20.0%) and 1 (0.8%) death occurred. Fever occurred in 114 patients, with a median highest temperature of 38.5 (38-39)°C and median fever duration of 8 (3-11) days. The median time from illness onset to ARDS was 10 (6-13) days, the median time to chest CT improvement was 17 (14-21) days, and median time to negative nucleic acid test result was 27 (17-33) days. Multivariate regression analysis showed increasing odds of ARDS associated with age older than 65 years (OR=4.75, 95% CL1.26-17.89, P=0.021), lymphocyte counts [0.5-1×10⁹/L (OR=8.80, 95% CL 2.22-34.99, P=0.002); <0.5×10⁹/L(OR=36.23, 95% CL 4.63-2083.48, P=0.001)], and temperature peak ≥39.1°C (OR=5.35, 95% CL 1.38-20.76, P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS ARDS tended to occur in the second week of the disease course. Potential risk factors for ARDS were older age (>65 years), lymphopenia (≤1.0×10⁹/L), and temperature peak (≥39.1°C). These findings could help clinicians to predict which patients will have a poor prognosis at an early stage.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32973126</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1643-3750</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>26</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>25</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Med Sci Monit</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 Patients in Beijing, China: A Retrospective Study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e925974</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.12659/MSM.925974</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, and acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) plays an important role in the process of disease aggravation. The detailed clinical course and risk factors of ARDS have not been well described. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of adult confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020 and compared the differences between ARDS cases and non-ARDS cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed to explore the risk factors associated with ARDS. RESULTS Of the 130 adult patients enrolled in this study, the median age was 46.5 (34-62) years and 76 (58.5%) were male. ARDS developed in 26 (20.0%) and 1 (0.8%) death occurred. Fever occurred in 114 patients, with a median highest temperature of 38.5 (38-39)°C and median fever duration of 8 (3-11) days. The median time from illness onset to ARDS was 10 (6-13) days, the median time to chest CT improvement was 17 (14-21) days, and median time to negative nucleic acid test result was 27 (17-33) days. Multivariate regression analysis showed increasing odds of ARDS associated with age older than 65 years (OR=4.75, 95% CL1.26-17.89, P=0.021), lymphocyte counts [0.5-1×10⁹/L (OR=8.80, 95% CL 2.22-34.99, P=0.002); <0.5×10⁹/L(OR=36.23, 95% CL 4.63-2083.48, P=0.001)], and temperature peak ≥39.1°C (OR=5.35, 95% CL 1.38-20.76, P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS ARDS tended to occur in the second week of the disease course. Potential risk factors for ARDS were older age (>65 years), lymphopenia (≤1.0×10⁹/L), and temperature peak (≥39.1°C). These findings could help clinicians to predict which patients will have a poor prognosis at an early stage.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Aibin</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Guiju</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Sa</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Meiling</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Record Statistics Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qian</LastName><ForeName>Fang</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Weiming</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of North Carolina Project-China, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Yanli</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Song</LastName><ForeName>Rui</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhuang</LastName><ForeName>Liwei</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ma</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoyang</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Tianwei</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Xiaodi</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xudong</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Baoliang</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Chun</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Zhihai</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Fujie</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Med Sci Monit</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9609063</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1234-1010</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001424" MajorTopicYN="N">Bacterial Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002681" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">China</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002947" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Cities</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015897" MajorTopicYN="N">Comorbidity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" 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