Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study.
Identifieur interne : 000091 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000090; suivant : 000092Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study.
Auteurs : Yuchen Ying ; Liemin Ruan ; Fanqian Kong ; Binbin Zhu ; Yunxin Ji ; Zhongze LouSource :
- BMC psychiatry [ 1471-244X ] ; 2020.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
To date, the psychological impact of COVID-19 epidemic among family members of health care workers (HCWs) in China has been neglected. This cross-sectional study investigates the mental health status and related factors in families of HCWs employed in designated hospitals in Ningbo, China.
METHODS
Family members of HCWs in five designated hospitals in Ningbo, China, were recruited in February, 2020 for this study. Demographic variables, COVID-19-related events in the lives of the participants, knowledge of COVID-19, and the working status of family members (that is, HCWs) were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. Mental health status was assessed using the Chinese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the main factors associated with the mental health conditions.
RESULTS
In total, 845 participants completed the questionnaires correctly (95.80% response rate). The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms were respectively 33.73% (95% CI: 30.53-36.92%) and 29.35% (95% CI: 26.27-32.43%) when a cut-off score of 5 was used for GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Risk factors for anxiety symptoms included more time (hours) spent thinking about the COVID-19, and whether or not family members (that is, HCWs) had direct contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients while high participants' self-reported safety scores for HCW's protective equipment was a protective factor. More time (hours) spent thinking about COVID-19, longer average working time per week worked by family members (that is, HCWs), and being parents and other next of kin of HCWs were risk factors for depressive symptoms. Compared to participants who were HCWs, participants who were private sector workers were more likely to develop depressive symptoms, while government or institutional employees were less likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic among family members of HCWs during the rising phase of the outbreak. Our findings provide strong evidence to examine and attend to the mental health of this population during the COVID-19 epidemic.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02784-w
PubMed: 32680478
PubMed Central: PMC7366518
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China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, Liemin" sort="Ruan, Liemin" uniqKey="Ruan L" first="Liemin" last="Ruan">Liemin Ruan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Fanqian" sort="Kong, Fanqian" uniqKey="Kong F" first="Fanqian" last="Kong">Fanqian Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Binbin" sort="Zhu, Binbin" uniqKey="Zhu B" first="Binbin" last="Zhu">Binbin Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ji, Yunxin" sort="Ji, Yunxin" uniqKey="Ji Y" first="Yunxin" last="Ji">Yunxin Ji</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lou, Zhongze" sort="Lou, Zhongze" uniqKey="Lou Z" first="Zhongze" last="Lou">Zhongze Lou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China. lorenzo_87@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32680478</idno><idno type="pmid">32680478</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12888-020-02784-w</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7366518</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000091</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000091</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study.</title><author><name sortKey="Ying, Yuchen" sort="Ying, Yuchen" uniqKey="Ying Y" first="Yuchen" last="Ying">Yuchen Ying</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, Liemin" sort="Ruan, Liemin" uniqKey="Ruan L" first="Liemin" last="Ruan">Liemin Ruan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Fanqian" sort="Kong, Fanqian" uniqKey="Kong F" first="Fanqian" last="Kong">Fanqian Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Binbin" sort="Zhu, Binbin" uniqKey="Zhu B" first="Binbin" last="Zhu">Binbin Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ji, Yunxin" sort="Ji, Yunxin" uniqKey="Ji Y" first="Yunxin" last="Ji">Yunxin Ji</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lou, Zhongze" sort="Lou, Zhongze" uniqKey="Lou Z" first="Zhongze" last="Lou">Zhongze Lou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China. lorenzo_87@163.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC psychiatry</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-244X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>To date, the psychological impact of COVID-19 epidemic among family members of health care workers (HCWs) in China has been neglected. This cross-sectional study investigates the mental health status and related factors in families of HCWs employed in designated hospitals in Ningbo, China.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Family members of HCWs in five designated hospitals in Ningbo, China, were recruited in February, 2020 for this study. Demographic variables, COVID-19-related events in the lives of the participants, knowledge of COVID-19, and the working status of family members (that is, HCWs) were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. Mental health status was assessed using the Chinese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the main factors associated with the mental health conditions.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>In total, 845 participants completed the questionnaires correctly (95.80% response rate). The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms were respectively 33.73% (95% CI: 30.53-36.92%) and 29.35% (95% CI: 26.27-32.43%) when a cut-off score of 5 was used for GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Risk factors for anxiety symptoms included more time (hours) spent thinking about the COVID-19, and whether or not family members (that is, HCWs) had direct contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients while high participants' self-reported safety scores for HCW's protective equipment was a protective factor. More time (hours) spent thinking about COVID-19, longer average working time per week worked by family members (that is, HCWs), and being parents and other next of kin of HCWs were risk factors for depressive symptoms. Compared to participants who were HCWs, participants who were private sector workers were more likely to develop depressive symptoms, while government or institutional employees were less likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Psychological responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic among family members of HCWs during the rising phase of the outbreak. Our findings provide strong evidence to examine and attend to the mental health of this population during the COVID-19 epidemic.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32680478</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-244X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC psychiatry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>379</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12888-020-02784-w</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">To date, the psychological impact of COVID-19 epidemic among family members of health care workers (HCWs) in China has been neglected. This cross-sectional study investigates the mental health status and related factors in families of HCWs employed in designated hospitals in Ningbo, China.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">Family members of HCWs in five designated hospitals in Ningbo, China, were recruited in February, 2020 for this study. Demographic variables, COVID-19-related events in the lives of the participants, knowledge of COVID-19, and the working status of family members (that is, HCWs) were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. Mental health status was assessed using the Chinese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the main factors associated with the mental health conditions.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">In total, 845 participants completed the questionnaires correctly (95.80% response rate). The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms were respectively 33.73% (95% CI: 30.53-36.92%) and 29.35% (95% CI: 26.27-32.43%) when a cut-off score of 5 was used for GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Risk factors for anxiety symptoms included more time (hours) spent thinking about the COVID-19, and whether or not family members (that is, HCWs) had direct contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients while high participants' self-reported safety scores for HCW's protective equipment was a protective factor. More time (hours) spent thinking about COVID-19, longer average working time per week worked by family members (that is, HCWs), and being parents and other next of kin of HCWs were risk factors for depressive symptoms. Compared to participants who were HCWs, participants who were private sector workers were more likely to develop depressive symptoms, while government or institutional employees were less likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Psychological responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic among family members of HCWs during the rising phase of the outbreak. Our findings provide strong evidence to examine and attend to the mental health of this population during the COVID-19 epidemic.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ying</LastName><ForeName>Yuchen</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruan</LastName><ForeName>Liemin</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kong</LastName><ForeName>Fanqian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Binbin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ji</LastName><ForeName>Yunxin</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lou</LastName><ForeName>Zhongze</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1757-9368</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China. lorenzo_87@163.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>PPXK2018-01</GrantID><Agency>Ningbo Health Branding Subject Fund</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>2018KY671 and 2019KY564</GrantID><Agency>Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>2017C510010</GrantID><Agency>Major Social Development Special Foundation of Ningbo</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>Y201942547</GrantID><Agency>General Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Psychiatry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100968559</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1471-244X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Anxiety symptoms</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Depressive symptoms</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Family members of health care workers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Mental health</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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