Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered.
Identifieur interne : 001701 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001700; suivant : 001702Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered.
Auteurs : Sven Saussez [France, Belgique] ; Jerome R. Lechien [France, Belgique] ; Claire Hopkins [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery [ 1434-4726 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
From the start of the pandemic, many European otolaryngologists observed an unprecendented number of anosmic patients. Early reports proposed that anosmia could be the first or even the only symptom of COVID-19 infection, prompting calls for self-isolation in affected patients.
METHODS
In the present article, we review the COVID-19 anosmia literature and try to answer the following two questions: first, why is COVID-19 infection responsible for such a high incidence of anosmia? Second, in patients with more severe forms is anosmia really less prevalent and why?
RESULTS
In terms of the etiology of olfactory dysfunction, several hypotheses were proposed at the outset of the pandemic; that olfactory cleft inflammation and obstruction caused a localized conductive loss, that there was injury to the sustentacular supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium or, given the known neurotropic potential of coronavirus, that the virus could invade and damage the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cleft obstruction may contribute to the olfactory dysfunction in some patients, perhaps most likely in those that show very early resolution, it cannot account for the loss in all patients. Moreover, disordered regrowth and a predominance of immature neurons have been shown to be associated with parosmia, which is a common finding amongst patients with Covid-related anosmia. A central mechanism therefore certainly seems to be consistent with the group of patients with more prolonged olfactory deficits. Sustentacular cells showing ACE-2 immunohistochemical expression 200 to 700 times greater than nasal or tracheal epithelia seem to be the main SARS-CoV-2 gateway. As the pathophysiology of COVID-19 anosmia seems to be better understood, the question of why patients with a moderate to severe form of COVID-19 infection have less olfactory involvement remains unresolved. Different potential explanations are discussed in this review.
CONCLUSIONS
The last 5 months have benefited from great international collaborative research, first highlighting and then proving the value of loss of smell and taste as a symptom of COVID-19. Adoption of loss of smell into the case definition by international public health bodies will facilitate control of disease transmission.
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0
PubMed: 32909060
Affiliations:
- Belgique, France, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Province de Hainaut, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Région wallonne, Île-de-France
- Bruxelles, Liège, Londres, Paris
- Université de Mons, Université libre de Bruxelles
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered.</title><author><name sortKey="Saussez, Sven" sort="Saussez, Sven" uniqKey="Saussez S" first="Sven" last="Saussez">Sven Saussez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Mons</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Liège</settlement><region type="region" nuts="1">Région wallonne</region><region type="province" nuts="1">Province de Hainaut</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lechien, Jerome R" sort="Lechien, Jerome R" uniqKey="Lechien J" first="Jerome R" last="Lechien">Jerome R. Lechien</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Mons</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Liège</settlement><region type="region" nuts="1">Région wallonne</region><region type="province" nuts="1">Province de Hainaut</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Foch Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Foch Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hopkins, Claire" sort="Hopkins, Claire" uniqKey="Hopkins C" first="Claire" last="Hopkins">Claire Hopkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>British Rhinological Society (President), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Rhinological Society (President), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32909060</idno><idno type="pmid">32909060</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000174</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000174</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000174</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000174</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000174</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered.</title><author><name sortKey="Saussez, Sven" sort="Saussez, Sven" uniqKey="Saussez S" first="Sven" last="Saussez">Sven Saussez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Mons</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Liège</settlement><region type="region" nuts="1">Région wallonne</region><region type="province" nuts="1">Province de Hainaut</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lechien, Jerome R" sort="Lechien, Jerome R" uniqKey="Lechien J" first="Jerome R" last="Lechien">Jerome R. Lechien</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Mons</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Liège</settlement><region type="region" nuts="1">Région wallonne</region><region type="province" nuts="1">Province de Hainaut</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université libre de Bruxelles</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Foch Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Foch Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hopkins, Claire" sort="Hopkins, Claire" uniqKey="Hopkins C" first="Claire" last="Hopkins">Claire Hopkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>British Rhinological Society (President), London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>British Rhinological Society (President), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery</title><idno type="eISSN">1434-4726</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>From the start of the pandemic, many European otolaryngologists observed an unprecendented number of anosmic patients. Early reports proposed that anosmia could be the first or even the only symptom of COVID-19 infection, prompting calls for self-isolation in affected patients.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>In the present article, we review the COVID-19 anosmia literature and try to answer the following two questions: first, why is COVID-19 infection responsible for such a high incidence of anosmia? Second, in patients with more severe forms is anosmia really less prevalent and why?</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>In terms of the etiology of olfactory dysfunction, several hypotheses were proposed at the outset of the pandemic; that olfactory cleft inflammation and obstruction caused a localized conductive loss, that there was injury to the sustentacular supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium or, given the known neurotropic potential of coronavirus, that the virus could invade and damage the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cleft obstruction may contribute to the olfactory dysfunction in some patients, perhaps most likely in those that show very early resolution, it cannot account for the loss in all patients. Moreover, disordered regrowth and a predominance of immature neurons have been shown to be associated with parosmia, which is a common finding amongst patients with Covid-related anosmia. A central mechanism therefore certainly seems to be consistent with the group of patients with more prolonged olfactory deficits. Sustentacular cells showing ACE-2 immunohistochemical expression 200 to 700 times greater than nasal or tracheal epithelia seem to be the main SARS-CoV-2 gateway. As the pathophysiology of COVID-19 anosmia seems to be better understood, the question of why patients with a moderate to severe form of COVID-19 infection have less olfactory involvement remains unresolved. Different potential explanations are discussed in this review.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>The last 5 months have benefited from great international collaborative research, first highlighting and then proving the value of loss of smell and taste as a symptom of COVID-19. Adoption of loss of smell into the case definition by international public health bodies will facilitate control of disease transmission.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32909060</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1434-4726</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>09</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">From the start of the pandemic, many European otolaryngologists observed an unprecendented number of anosmic patients. Early reports proposed that anosmia could be the first or even the only symptom of COVID-19 infection, prompting calls for self-isolation in affected patients.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">In the present article, we review the COVID-19 anosmia literature and try to answer the following two questions: first, why is COVID-19 infection responsible for such a high incidence of anosmia? Second, in patients with more severe forms is anosmia really less prevalent and why?</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">In terms of the etiology of olfactory dysfunction, several hypotheses were proposed at the outset of the pandemic; that olfactory cleft inflammation and obstruction caused a localized conductive loss, that there was injury to the sustentacular supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium or, given the known neurotropic potential of coronavirus, that the virus could invade and damage the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cleft obstruction may contribute to the olfactory dysfunction in some patients, perhaps most likely in those that show very early resolution, it cannot account for the loss in all patients. Moreover, disordered regrowth and a predominance of immature neurons have been shown to be associated with parosmia, which is a common finding amongst patients with Covid-related anosmia. A central mechanism therefore certainly seems to be consistent with the group of patients with more prolonged olfactory deficits. Sustentacular cells showing ACE-2 immunohistochemical expression 200 to 700 times greater than nasal or tracheal epithelia seem to be the main SARS-CoV-2 gateway. As the pathophysiology of COVID-19 anosmia seems to be better understood, the question of why patients with a moderate to severe form of COVID-19 infection have less olfactory involvement remains unresolved. Different potential explanations are discussed in this review.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The last 5 months have benefited from great international collaborative research, first highlighting and then proving the value of loss of smell and taste as a symptom of COVID-19. Adoption of loss of smell into the case definition by international public health bodies will facilitate control of disease transmission.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saussez</LastName><ForeName>Sven</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-1854</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Sven.saussez@umons.ac.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lechien</LastName><ForeName>Jerome R</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, CHU de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Foch Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hopkins</LastName><ForeName>Claire</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Rhinological Society (President), London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>09</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9002937</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0937-4477</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Anosmia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Olfactory</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Smell</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>37</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32909060</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Province de Hainaut</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Région wallonne</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Liège</li><li>Londres</li><li>Paris</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Mons</li><li>Université libre de Bruxelles</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Saussez, Sven" sort="Saussez, Sven" uniqKey="Saussez S" first="Sven" last="Saussez">Sven Saussez</name></region><name sortKey="Lechien, Jerome R" sort="Lechien, Jerome R" uniqKey="Lechien J" first="Jerome R" last="Lechien">Jerome R. Lechien</name><name sortKey="Lechien, Jerome R" sort="Lechien, Jerome R" uniqKey="Lechien J" first="Jerome R" last="Lechien">Jerome R. Lechien</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région wallonne"><name sortKey="Saussez, Sven" sort="Saussez, Sven" uniqKey="Saussez S" first="Sven" last="Saussez">Sven Saussez</name></region><name sortKey="Lechien, Jerome R" sort="Lechien, Jerome R" uniqKey="Lechien J" first="Jerome R" last="Lechien">Jerome R. Lechien</name><name sortKey="Lechien, Jerome R" sort="Lechien, Jerome R" uniqKey="Lechien J" first="Jerome R" last="Lechien">Jerome R. Lechien</name><name sortKey="Saussez, Sven" sort="Saussez, Sven" uniqKey="Saussez S" first="Sven" last="Saussez">Sven Saussez</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Hopkins, Claire" sort="Hopkins, Claire" uniqKey="Hopkins C" first="Claire" last="Hopkins">Claire Hopkins</name></region><name sortKey="Hopkins, Claire" sort="Hopkins, Claire" uniqKey="Hopkins C" first="Claire" last="Hopkins">Claire Hopkins</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidFranceV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001701 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001701 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= CovidFranceV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:32909060
|texte= Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32909060" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidFranceV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |