Experience of the use of hydroxychloroquine on patients with COVID-19: A perspective on viral load and cytokine kinetics.
Identifieur interne : 000494 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000493; suivant : 000495Experience of the use of hydroxychloroquine on patients with COVID-19: A perspective on viral load and cytokine kinetics.
Auteurs : Wang-Da Liu [Taïwan] ; Sui-Yuan Chang [Taïwan] ; Ting-Yuan Lan [Taïwan] ; Yen-Chun Lin [Taïwan] ; Jui-Hung Kao [Taïwan] ; Chun-Hua Liao [Taïwan] ; Ming-Jui Tsai [Taïwan] ; Po-Hsien Kuo [Taïwan] ; Yu-Shan Huang [Taïwan] ; Jann-Tay Wang [Taïwan] ; Wang-Huei Sheng [Taïwan] ; Song-Chou Hsieh [Taïwan] ; Bor-Luen Chiang [Taïwan] ; Yee-Chun Chen [Taïwan] ; Shan-Chwen Chang [Taïwan]Source :
- Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi [ 0929-6646 ] ; 2021.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux.
- ARN viral, Charge virale, Cinétique, Cytokines, Humains, Hydroxychloroquine, Résultat thérapeutique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents.
- drug therapy : COVID-19.
- COVID-19 Testing, Cytokines, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine, Kinetics, RNA, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load.
Abstract
Until now, there are no approved treatment against COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was hypothesized to be active against SARS-CoV2 via antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect; however, HCQ for COVID-19 in clinical use remained debating. In this preliminary report, we presented six patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. They were treated with HCQ for 14 days from the day of COVID-19 diagnosis. Serial viral load from respiratory specimens were performed every other day. Cytokine profile was checked before HCQ initiation and on the 14th day of HCQ treatment. All patients receiving HCQ completed 14-day course without complication. Among the six patients, the mean duration from symptom onset to last detectable viral load was 34 ± 12 days, which was similar to those without specific treatment in previous reports. Low level of interferon-gamma was noted in all patients of different stage of infection and three patients had elevation of IL-17 level. Prolonged virus shedding is still observed regardless HCQ. The impact of HCQ on cytokine kinetics remained unclear; however, IL-17 could be an inflammatory marker for disease status monitor and a potential therapeutic target.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.022
PubMed: 32888840
PubMed Central: PMC7447255
Affiliations:
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Electronic address: kphsien@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yu Shan" sort="Huang, Yu Shan" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yu-Shan" last="Huang">Yu-Shan Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b101091021@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jann Tay" sort="Wang, Jann Tay" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jann-Tay" last="Wang">Jann-Tay Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: wang.jt1968@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheng, Wang Huei" sort="Sheng, Wang Huei" uniqKey="Sheng W" first="Wang-Huei" last="Sheng">Wang-Huei Sheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 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Electronic address: hsiehsc@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiang, Bor Luen" sort="Chiang, Bor Luen" uniqKey="Chiang B" first="Bor-Luen" last="Chiang">Bor-Luen Chiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: gicmbor@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yee Chun" sort="Chen, Yee Chun" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yee-Chun" last="Chen">Yee-Chun Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: yeechunchen@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Shan Chwen" sort="Chang, Shan Chwen" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Shan-Chwen" last="Chang">Shan-Chwen Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: changsc@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32888840</idno><idno type="pmid">32888840</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.022</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7447255</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000C88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C88</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000C88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000C88</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000C88</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Experience of the use of hydroxychloroquine on patients with COVID-19: A perspective on viral load and cytokine kinetics.</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, Wang Da" sort="Liu, Wang Da" uniqKey="Liu W" first="Wang-Da" last="Liu">Wang-Da Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b95401043@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Sui Yuan" sort="Chang, Sui Yuan" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Sui-Yuan" last="Chang">Sui-Yuan Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: sychang@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lan, Ting Yuan" sort="Lan, Ting Yuan" uniqKey="Lan T" first="Ting-Yuan" last="Lan">Ting-Yuan Lan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: d20023579@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Yen Chun" sort="Lin, Yen Chun" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Yen-Chun" last="Lin">Yen-Chun Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b95401009@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, Jui Hung" sort="Kao, Jui Hung" uniqKey="Kao J" first="Jui-Hung" last="Kao">Jui-Hung Kao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: juihungkaotw@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liao, Chun Hua" sort="Liao, Chun Hua" uniqKey="Liao C" first="Chun-Hua" last="Liao">Chun-Hua Liao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: shiva90345@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Ming Jui" sort="Tsai, Ming Jui" uniqKey="Tsai M" first="Ming-Jui" last="Tsai">Ming-Jui Tsai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: fiophoenix@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuo, Po Hsien" sort="Kuo, Po Hsien" uniqKey="Kuo P" first="Po-Hsien" last="Kuo">Po-Hsien Kuo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: kphsien@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Yu Shan" sort="Huang, Yu Shan" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yu-Shan" last="Huang">Yu-Shan Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b101091021@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jann Tay" sort="Wang, Jann Tay" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jann-Tay" last="Wang">Jann-Tay Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: wang.jt1968@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheng, Wang Huei" sort="Sheng, Wang Huei" uniqKey="Sheng W" first="Wang-Huei" last="Sheng">Wang-Huei Sheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: whsheng@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hsieh, Song Chou" sort="Hsieh, Song Chou" uniqKey="Hsieh S" first="Song-Chou" last="Hsieh">Song-Chou Hsieh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsiehsc@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiang, Bor Luen" sort="Chiang, Bor Luen" uniqKey="Chiang B" first="Bor-Luen" last="Chiang">Bor-Luen Chiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: gicmbor@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yee Chun" sort="Chen, Yee Chun" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yee-Chun" last="Chen">Yee-Chun Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: yeechunchen@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Shan Chwen" sort="Chang, Shan Chwen" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Shan-Chwen" last="Chang">Shan-Chwen Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: changsc@ntu.edu.tw.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi</title><idno type="ISSN">0929-6646</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term><term>COVID-19 Testing (MeSH)</term><term>Cytokines (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH)</term><term>Kinetics (MeSH)</term><term>RNA, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term><term>Viral Load (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Charge virale (MeSH)</term><term>Cinétique (MeSH)</term><term>Cytokines (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH)</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19 Testing</term><term>Cytokines</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Kinetics</term><term>RNA, Viral</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Viral Load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Cinétique</term><term>Cytokines</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Until now, there are no approved treatment against COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was hypothesized to be active against SARS-CoV2 via antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect; however, HCQ for COVID-19 in clinical use remained debating. In this preliminary report, we presented six patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. They were treated with HCQ for 14 days from the day of COVID-19 diagnosis. Serial viral load from respiratory specimens were performed every other day. Cytokine profile was checked before HCQ initiation and on the 14th day of HCQ treatment. All patients receiving HCQ completed 14-day course without complication. Among the six patients, the mean duration from symptom onset to last detectable viral load was 34 ± 12 days, which was similar to those without specific treatment in previous reports. Low level of interferon-gamma was noted in all patients of different stage of infection and three patients had elevation of IL-17 level. Prolonged virus shedding is still observed regardless HCQ. The impact of HCQ on cytokine kinetics remained unclear; however, IL-17 could be an inflammatory marker for disease status monitor and a potential therapeutic target.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32888840</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0929-6646</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>120</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Formos Med Assoc</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Experience of the use of hydroxychloroquine on patients with COVID-19: A perspective on viral load and cytokine kinetics.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1269-1273</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0929-6646(20)30396-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.022</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Until now, there are no approved treatment against COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was hypothesized to be active against SARS-CoV2 via antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect; however, HCQ for COVID-19 in clinical use remained debating. In this preliminary report, we presented six patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. They were treated with HCQ for 14 days from the day of COVID-19 diagnosis. Serial viral load from respiratory specimens were performed every other day. Cytokine profile was checked before HCQ initiation and on the 14th day of HCQ treatment. All patients receiving HCQ completed 14-day course without complication. Among the six patients, the mean duration from symptom onset to last detectable viral load was 34 ± 12 days, which was similar to those without specific treatment in previous reports. Low level of interferon-gamma was noted in all patients of different stage of infection and three patients had elevation of IL-17 level. Prolonged virus shedding is still observed regardless HCQ. The impact of HCQ on cytokine kinetics remained unclear; however, IL-17 could be an inflammatory marker for disease status monitor and a potential therapeutic target.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Wang-Da</ForeName><Initials>WD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b95401043@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chang</LastName><ForeName>Sui-Yuan</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: sychang@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lan</LastName><ForeName>Ting-Yuan</ForeName><Initials>TY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: d20023579@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName><ForeName>Yen-Chun</ForeName><Initials>YC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b95401009@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kao</LastName><ForeName>Jui-Hung</ForeName><Initials>JH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: juihungkaotw@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liao</LastName><ForeName>Chun-Hua</ForeName><Initials>CH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: shiva90345@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tsai</LastName><ForeName>Ming-Jui</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: fiophoenix@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kuo</LastName><ForeName>Po-Hsien</ForeName><Initials>PH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: kphsien@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Yu-Shan</ForeName><Initials>YS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b101091021@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jann-Tay</ForeName><Initials>JT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: wang.jt1968@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sheng</LastName><ForeName>Wang-Huei</ForeName><Initials>WH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: whsheng@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hsieh</LastName><ForeName>Song-Chou</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsiehsc@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chiang</LastName><ForeName>Bor-Luen</ForeName><Initials>BL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: gicmbor@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Yee-Chun</ForeName><Initials>YC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: yeechunchen@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chang</LastName><ForeName>Shan-Chwen</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: changsc@ntu.edu.tw.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Singapore</Country><MedlineTA>J Formos Med Assoc</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9214933</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0929-6646</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D016207">Cytokines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012367">RNA, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086742" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19 Testing</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016207" MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokines</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="Y">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007700" MajorTopicYN="N">Kinetics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012367" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019562" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Load</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Interferon</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Interleukin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of Competing Interest none to declare.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>19</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32888840</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0929-6646(20)30396-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.022</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7447255</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Taïwan</li></country></list><tree><country name="Taïwan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liu, Wang Da" sort="Liu, Wang Da" uniqKey="Liu W" first="Wang-Da" last="Liu">Wang-Da Liu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chang, Shan Chwen" sort="Chang, Shan Chwen" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Shan-Chwen" last="Chang">Shan-Chwen Chang</name><name sortKey="Chang, Sui Yuan" sort="Chang, Sui Yuan" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Sui-Yuan" last="Chang">Sui-Yuan Chang</name><name sortKey="Chen, Yee Chun" sort="Chen, Yee Chun" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yee-Chun" last="Chen">Yee-Chun Chen</name><name sortKey="Chiang, Bor Luen" sort="Chiang, Bor Luen" uniqKey="Chiang B" first="Bor-Luen" last="Chiang">Bor-Luen Chiang</name><name sortKey="Hsieh, Song Chou" sort="Hsieh, Song Chou" uniqKey="Hsieh S" first="Song-Chou" last="Hsieh">Song-Chou Hsieh</name><name sortKey="Huang, Yu Shan" sort="Huang, Yu Shan" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yu-Shan" last="Huang">Yu-Shan Huang</name><name sortKey="Kao, Jui Hung" sort="Kao, Jui Hung" uniqKey="Kao J" first="Jui-Hung" last="Kao">Jui-Hung Kao</name><name sortKey="Kuo, Po Hsien" sort="Kuo, Po Hsien" uniqKey="Kuo P" first="Po-Hsien" last="Kuo">Po-Hsien Kuo</name><name sortKey="Lan, Ting Yuan" sort="Lan, Ting Yuan" uniqKey="Lan T" first="Ting-Yuan" last="Lan">Ting-Yuan Lan</name><name sortKey="Liao, Chun Hua" sort="Liao, Chun Hua" uniqKey="Liao C" first="Chun-Hua" last="Liao">Chun-Hua Liao</name><name sortKey="Lin, Yen Chun" sort="Lin, Yen Chun" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Yen-Chun" last="Lin">Yen-Chun Lin</name><name sortKey="Sheng, Wang Huei" sort="Sheng, Wang Huei" uniqKey="Sheng W" first="Wang-Huei" last="Sheng">Wang-Huei Sheng</name><name sortKey="Tsai, Ming Jui" sort="Tsai, Ming Jui" uniqKey="Tsai M" first="Ming-Jui" last="Tsai">Ming-Jui Tsai</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jann Tay" sort="Wang, Jann Tay" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jann-Tay" last="Wang">Jann-Tay 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