African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identifieur interne : 001928 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001927; suivant : 001929African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Auteurs : Richard Oluyinka Akintayo [Royaume-Uni] ; Rachid Bahiri [Maroc] ; Yasser El Miedany [Égypte] ; Hakeem Olaosebikan [Nigeria] ; Asgar Ali Kalla [Afrique du Sud] ; Adewale Olukayode Adebajo [Royaume-Uni] ; Angela Nyangore Migowa [Kenya] ; Samy Slimani [Algérie] ; Ouma Devi Koussougbo ; Ben Abdelghani Kawther [Tunisie] ; Akpabio Akanimo Akpabio [Nigeria] ; Imad Ghozlani [Maroc] ; Dzifa Dey [Ghana] ; Waleed A. Hassan [Égypte] ; Nimmisha Govind [Afrique du Sud] ; Kavita Makan [Afrique du Sud] ; Abdelgaffar Mohamed [Arabie saoudite] ; Eugene Kalman Genga [Kenya] ; Mohamed Khattry Ahmed Ghassem [Maroc] ; Mohamed Mortada [Égypte] ; Wafa Hamdi [Tunisie] ; Moudjib O. Wabi [Bénin] ; Mohammed Tikly [Afrique du Sud] ; Madeleine Ngandeu-Singwe [Cameroun] ; Christian Scott [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- Clinical rheumatology [ 1434-9949 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To develop recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHOD
A task force comprising of 25 rheumatologists from the 5 regions of the continent was formed and operated through a hub-and-spoke model with a central working committee (CWC) and 4 subgroups. The subgroups championed separate scopes of the clinical questions and formulated preliminary statements of recommendations which were processed centrally in the CWC. The CWC and each subgroup met by several virtual meetings, and two rounds of voting were conducted on the drafted statements of recommendations. Votes were online-delivered and recommendations were pruned down according to predefined criteria. Each statement was rated between 1 and 9 with 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 representing disagreement, uncertainty and agreement, respectively. The levels of agreement on the statements were stratified as low, moderate or high according to the spread of votes. A statement was retired if it had a mean vote below 7 or a 'low' level of agreement.
RESULTS
A total of 126 initial statements of recommendations were drafted, and these were reduced to 22 after the two rounds of voting.
CONCLUSIONS
The preliminary statements of recommendations will serve to guide the clinical practice of rheumatology across Africa amidst the changing practices and uncertainties in the current era of COVID-19. It is recognized that further updates to the recommendations will be needed as more evidence emerges. Key Points • AFLAR has developed preliminary recommendations for the management of RMDs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. • COVID-19 is an unprecedented experience which has brought new concerns regarding the use of some disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and these recommendations seek to provide guidelines to the African rheumatologists. • Hydroxychloroquine shortage has become rampart across Africa as the drug is being used as prophylaxis against COVID-19 and this may necessitate a review of treatment plan for some patients with RMDs. • Breastfeeding should continue for as long as possible if a woman is positive for SARS-CoV-2 as there is currently no evidence that the infection can be transmitted through breast milk.
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05355-2
PubMed: 32876786
PubMed Central: PMC7465880
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Arabie saoudite, Bénin, Cameroun, Ghana, Kenya, Maroc, Nigeria, Royaume-Uni, Tunisie, Égypte
- Gauteng, Gouvernorat de Tunis, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Région du Grand Accra
- Accra, Johannesbourg, Rabat, Tunis
- Université du Witwatersrand
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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first="Angela Nyangore" last="Migowa">Angela Nyangore Migowa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slimani, Samy" sort="Slimani, Samy" uniqKey="Slimani S" first="Samy" last="Slimani">Samy Slimani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Atlas Clinic of Rheumatology, 05000, Batna, Algeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Atlas Clinic of Rheumatology, 05000, Batna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Batna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koussougbo, Ouma Devi" sort="Koussougbo, Ouma Devi" uniqKey="Koussougbo O" first="Ouma Devi" last="Koussougbo">Ouma Devi Koussougbo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Victoria Hospital, Republic of Mauritius, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Mauritius</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawther, Ben Abdelghani" sort="Kawther, Ben Abdelghani" uniqKey="Kawther B" first="Ben Abdelghani" last="Kawther">Ben Abdelghani Kawther</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis faculty of Medicine, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis faculty of Medicine, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akpabio, Akpabio Akanimo" sort="Akpabio, Akpabio Akanimo" uniqKey="Akpabio A" first="Akpabio Akanimo" last="Akpabio">Akpabio Akanimo 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Medical School, Korlebu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Ghana Medical School, Korlebu Teaching Hospital, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Waleed A" sort="Hassan, Waleed A" uniqKey="Hassan W" first="Waleed A" last="Hassan">Waleed A. Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Banha, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Banha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Banha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govind, Nimmisha" sort="Govind, Nimmisha" uniqKey="Govind N" first="Nimmisha" last="Govind">Nimmisha Govind</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makan, Kavita" sort="Makan, Kavita" uniqKey="Makan K" first="Kavita" last="Makan">Kavita Makan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Abdelgaffar" sort="Mohamed, Abdelgaffar" uniqKey="Mohamed A" first="Abdelgaffar" last="Mohamed">Abdelgaffar Mohamed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology, King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology, King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bisha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bisha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Genga, Eugene Kalman" sort="Genga, Eugene Kalman" uniqKey="Genga E" first="Eugene Kalman" last="Genga">Eugene Kalman Genga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Nairobi, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghassem, Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" sort="Ghassem, Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" uniqKey="Ghassem M" first="Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" last="Ghassem">Mohamed Khattry Ahmed Ghassem</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mortada, Mohamed" sort="Mortada, Mohamed" uniqKey="Mortada M" first="Mohamed" last="Mortada">Mohamed Mortada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagazig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamdi, Wafa" sort="Hamdi, Wafa" uniqKey="Hamdi W" first="Wafa" last="Hamdi">Wafa Hamdi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of rheumatology, Kassab Institute UR17SP04 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of rheumatology, Kassab Institute UR17SP04 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wabi, Moudjib O" sort="Wabi, Moudjib O" uniqKey="Wabi M" first="Moudjib O" last="Wabi">Moudjib O. Wabi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rhumatologie, Doctorant Épidémiologie Clinique et Sciences Médico - Chirurgicales, Polyclinique Apkapka, Cotonou, Bénin.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country><wicri:regionArea>Rhumatologie, Doctorant Épidémiologie Clinique et Sciences Médico - Chirurgicales, Polyclinique Apkapka, Cotonou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cotonou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tikly, Mohammed" sort="Tikly, Mohammed" uniqKey="Tikly M" first="Mohammed" last="Tikly">Mohammed Tikly</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngandeu Singwe, Madeleine" sort="Ngandeu Singwe, Madeleine" uniqKey="Ngandeu Singwe M" first="Madeleine" last="Ngandeu-Singwe">Madeleine Ngandeu-Singwe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Christian" sort="Scott, Christian" uniqKey="Scott C" first="Christian" last="Scott">Christian Scott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32876786</idno><idno type="pmid">32876786</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10067-020-05355-2</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7465880</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000D12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000D12</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000D12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000D12</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000D12</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.</title><author><name sortKey="Akintayo, Richard Oluyinka" sort="Akintayo, Richard Oluyinka" uniqKey="Akintayo R" first="Richard Oluyinka" last="Akintayo">Richard Oluyinka Akintayo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Cargenbridge, Dumfries, UK. r.akintayo@nhs.net.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology Department, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Cargenbridge, Dumfries</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dumfries</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow,, G4 0BA, UK. r.akintayo@nhs.net.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow,, G4 0BA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>G4 0BA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahiri, Rachid" sort="Bahiri, Rachid" uniqKey="Bahiri R" first="Rachid" last="Bahiri">Rachid Bahiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi Hospital, Medical University, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi Hospital, Medical University, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Miedany, Yasser" sort="El Miedany, Yasser" uniqKey="El Miedany Y" first="Yasser" last="El Miedany">Yasser El Miedany</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olaosebikan, Hakeem" sort="Olaosebikan, Hakeem" uniqKey="Olaosebikan H" first="Hakeem" last="Olaosebikan">Hakeem Olaosebikan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lagos State University College of Medicine and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>Lagos State University College of Medicine and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lagos</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalla, Asgar Ali" sort="Kalla, Asgar Ali" uniqKey="Kalla A" first="Asgar Ali" last="Kalla">Asgar Ali Kalla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adebajo, Adewale Olukayode" sort="Adebajo, Adewale Olukayode" uniqKey="Adebajo A" first="Adewale Olukayode" last="Adebajo">Adewale Olukayode Adebajo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sheffield</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migowa, Angela Nyangore" sort="Migowa, Angela Nyangore" uniqKey="Migowa A" first="Angela Nyangore" last="Migowa">Angela Nyangore Migowa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slimani, Samy" sort="Slimani, Samy" uniqKey="Slimani S" first="Samy" last="Slimani">Samy Slimani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Atlas Clinic of Rheumatology, 05000, Batna, Algeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Atlas Clinic of Rheumatology, 05000, Batna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Batna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koussougbo, Ouma Devi" sort="Koussougbo, Ouma Devi" uniqKey="Koussougbo O" first="Ouma Devi" last="Koussougbo">Ouma Devi Koussougbo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Victoria Hospital, Republic of Mauritius, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Mauritius</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawther, Ben Abdelghani" sort="Kawther, Ben Abdelghani" uniqKey="Kawther B" first="Ben Abdelghani" last="Kawther">Ben Abdelghani Kawther</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis faculty of Medicine, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis faculty of Medicine, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akpabio, Akpabio Akanimo" sort="Akpabio, Akpabio Akanimo" uniqKey="Akpabio A" first="Akpabio Akanimo" last="Akpabio">Akpabio Akanimo Akpabio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Akwa Ibom</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghozlani, Imad" sort="Ghozlani, Imad" uniqKey="Ghozlani I" first="Imad" last="Ghozlani">Imad Ghozlani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Agadir</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dey, Dzifa" sort="Dey, Dzifa" uniqKey="Dey D" first="Dzifa" last="Dey">Dzifa Dey</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Korlebu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Ghana Medical School, Korlebu Teaching Hospital, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Waleed A" sort="Hassan, Waleed A" uniqKey="Hassan W" first="Waleed A" last="Hassan">Waleed A. Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Banha, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Banha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Banha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govind, Nimmisha" sort="Govind, Nimmisha" uniqKey="Govind N" first="Nimmisha" last="Govind">Nimmisha Govind</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makan, Kavita" sort="Makan, Kavita" uniqKey="Makan K" first="Kavita" last="Makan">Kavita Makan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Abdelgaffar" sort="Mohamed, Abdelgaffar" uniqKey="Mohamed A" first="Abdelgaffar" last="Mohamed">Abdelgaffar Mohamed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology, King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology, King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bisha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bisha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Genga, Eugene Kalman" sort="Genga, Eugene Kalman" uniqKey="Genga E" first="Eugene Kalman" last="Genga">Eugene Kalman Genga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Nairobi, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghassem, Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" sort="Ghassem, Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" uniqKey="Ghassem M" first="Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" last="Ghassem">Mohamed Khattry Ahmed Ghassem</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mortada, Mohamed" sort="Mortada, Mohamed" uniqKey="Mortada M" first="Mohamed" last="Mortada">Mohamed Mortada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagazig</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamdi, Wafa" sort="Hamdi, Wafa" uniqKey="Hamdi W" first="Wafa" last="Hamdi">Wafa Hamdi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of rheumatology, Kassab Institute UR17SP04 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of rheumatology, Kassab Institute UR17SP04 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement><region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wabi, Moudjib O" sort="Wabi, Moudjib O" uniqKey="Wabi M" first="Moudjib O" last="Wabi">Moudjib O. Wabi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rhumatologie, Doctorant Épidémiologie Clinique et Sciences Médico - Chirurgicales, Polyclinique Apkapka, Cotonou, Bénin.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bénin</country><wicri:regionArea>Rhumatologie, Doctorant Épidémiologie Clinique et Sciences Médico - Chirurgicales, Polyclinique Apkapka, Cotonou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cotonou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tikly, Mohammed" sort="Tikly, Mohammed" uniqKey="Tikly M" first="Mohammed" last="Tikly">Mohammed Tikly</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngandeu Singwe, Madeleine" sort="Ngandeu Singwe, Madeleine" uniqKey="Ngandeu Singwe M" first="Madeleine" last="Ngandeu-Singwe">Madeleine Ngandeu-Singwe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yaounde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Christian" sort="Scott, Christian" uniqKey="Scott C" first="Christian" last="Scott">Christian Scott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical rheumatology</title><idno type="eISSN">1434-9949</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>To develop recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHOD</b></p><p>A task force comprising of 25 rheumatologists from the 5 regions of the continent was formed and operated through a hub-and-spoke model with a central working committee (CWC) and 4 subgroups. The subgroups championed separate scopes of the clinical questions and formulated preliminary statements of recommendations which were processed centrally in the CWC. The CWC and each subgroup met by several virtual meetings, and two rounds of voting were conducted on the drafted statements of recommendations. Votes were online-delivered and recommendations were pruned down according to predefined criteria. Each statement was rated between 1 and 9 with 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 representing disagreement, uncertainty and agreement, respectively. The levels of agreement on the statements were stratified as low, moderate or high according to the spread of votes. A statement was retired if it had a mean vote below 7 or a 'low' level of agreement.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>A total of 126 initial statements of recommendations were drafted, and these were reduced to 22 after the two rounds of voting.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>The preliminary statements of recommendations will serve to guide the clinical practice of rheumatology across Africa amidst the changing practices and uncertainties in the current era of COVID-19. It is recognized that further updates to the recommendations will be needed as more evidence emerges. Key Points • AFLAR has developed preliminary recommendations for the management of RMDs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. • COVID-19 is an unprecedented experience which has brought new concerns regarding the use of some disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and these recommendations seek to provide guidelines to the African rheumatologists. • Hydroxychloroquine shortage has become rampart across Africa as the drug is being used as prophylaxis against COVID-19 and this may necessitate a review of treatment plan for some patients with RMDs. • Breastfeeding should continue for as long as possible if a woman is positive for SARS-CoV-2 as there is currently no evidence that the infection can be transmitted through breast milk.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32876786</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1434-9949</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>02</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Clinical rheumatology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Clin Rheumatol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s10067-020-05355-2</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To develop recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHOD" NlmCategory="METHODS">A task force comprising of 25 rheumatologists from the 5 regions of the continent was formed and operated through a hub-and-spoke model with a central working committee (CWC) and 4 subgroups. The subgroups championed separate scopes of the clinical questions and formulated preliminary statements of recommendations which were processed centrally in the CWC. The CWC and each subgroup met by several virtual meetings, and two rounds of voting were conducted on the drafted statements of recommendations. Votes were online-delivered and recommendations were pruned down according to predefined criteria. Each statement was rated between 1 and 9 with 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 representing disagreement, uncertainty and agreement, respectively. The levels of agreement on the statements were stratified as low, moderate or high according to the spread of votes. A statement was retired if it had a mean vote below 7 or a 'low' level of agreement.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">A total of 126 initial statements of recommendations were drafted, and these were reduced to 22 after the two rounds of voting.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The preliminary statements of recommendations will serve to guide the clinical practice of rheumatology across Africa amidst the changing practices and uncertainties in the current era of COVID-19. It is recognized that further updates to the recommendations will be needed as more evidence emerges. Key Points • AFLAR has developed preliminary recommendations for the management of RMDs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. • COVID-19 is an unprecedented experience which has brought new concerns regarding the use of some disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and these recommendations seek to provide guidelines to the African rheumatologists. • Hydroxychloroquine shortage has become rampart across Africa as the drug is being used as prophylaxis against COVID-19 and this may necessitate a review of treatment plan for some patients with RMDs. • Breastfeeding should continue for as long as possible if a woman is positive for SARS-CoV-2 as there is currently no evidence that the infection can be transmitted through breast milk.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Akintayo</LastName><ForeName>Richard Oluyinka</ForeName><Initials>RO</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-8981</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Cargenbridge, Dumfries, UK. r.akintayo@nhs.net.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow,, G4 0BA, UK. r.akintayo@nhs.net.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bahiri</LastName><ForeName>Rachid</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi Hospital, Medical University, Rabat, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El Miedany</LastName><ForeName>Yasser</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Olaosebikan</LastName><ForeName>Hakeem</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lagos State University College of Medicine and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalla</LastName><ForeName>Asgar Ali</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adebajo</LastName><ForeName>Adewale Olukayode</ForeName><Initials>AO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Migowa</LastName><ForeName>Angela Nyangore</ForeName><Initials>AN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Slimani</LastName><ForeName>Samy</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Atlas Clinic of Rheumatology, 05000, Batna, Algeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koussougbo</LastName><ForeName>Ouma Devi</ForeName><Initials>OD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Victoria Hospital, Republic of Mauritius, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kawther</LastName><ForeName>Ben Abdelghani</ForeName><Initials>BA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis faculty of Medicine, Tunis EL Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Akpabio</LastName><ForeName>Akpabio Akanimo</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghozlani</LastName><ForeName>Imad</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dey</LastName><ForeName>Dzifa</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Ghana Medical School, Korlebu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hassan</LastName><ForeName>Waleed A</ForeName><Initials>WA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Banha, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Govind</LastName><ForeName>Nimmisha</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Makan</LastName><ForeName>Kavita</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohamed</LastName><ForeName>Abdelgaffar</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology, King Abdulla Hospital, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Genga</LastName><ForeName>Eugene Kalman</ForeName><Initials>EK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghassem</LastName><ForeName>Mohamed Khattry Ahmed</ForeName><Initials>MKA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mortada</LastName><ForeName>Mohamed</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hamdi</LastName><ForeName>Wafa</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of rheumatology, Kassab Institute UR17SP04 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wabi</LastName><ForeName>Moudjib O</ForeName><Initials>MO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rhumatologie, Doctorant Épidémiologie Clinique et Sciences Médico - Chirurgicales, Polyclinique Apkapka, Cotonou, Bénin.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tikly</LastName><ForeName>Mohammed</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ngandeu-Singwe</LastName><ForeName>Madeleine</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scott</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Clin Rheumatol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8211469</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0770-3198</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Nov 16;37:240</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33552358</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">African rheumatology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">DMARD</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Rheumatology</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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IdType="pubmed">32243068</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Algérie</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Bénin</li><li>Cameroun</li><li>Ghana</li><li>Kenya</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Tunisie</li><li>Égypte</li></country><region><li>Gauteng</li><li>Gouvernorat de Tunis</li><li>Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Rabat</li><li>Tunis</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Koussougbo, Ouma Devi" sort="Koussougbo, Ouma Devi" uniqKey="Koussougbo O" first="Ouma Devi" last="Koussougbo">Ouma Devi Koussougbo</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Akintayo, Richard Oluyinka" sort="Akintayo, Richard Oluyinka" uniqKey="Akintayo R" first="Richard Oluyinka" last="Akintayo">Richard Oluyinka Akintayo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Adebajo, Adewale Olukayode" sort="Adebajo, Adewale Olukayode" uniqKey="Adebajo A" first="Adewale Olukayode" last="Adebajo">Adewale Olukayode Adebajo</name><name sortKey="Akintayo, Richard Oluyinka" sort="Akintayo, Richard Oluyinka" uniqKey="Akintayo R" first="Richard Oluyinka" last="Akintayo">Richard Oluyinka Akintayo</name></country><country name="Maroc"><region name="Rabat-Salé-Kénitra"><name sortKey="Bahiri, Rachid" sort="Bahiri, Rachid" uniqKey="Bahiri R" first="Rachid" last="Bahiri">Rachid Bahiri</name></region><name sortKey="Ghassem, Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" sort="Ghassem, Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" uniqKey="Ghassem M" first="Mohamed Khattry Ahmed" last="Ghassem">Mohamed Khattry Ahmed Ghassem</name><name sortKey="Ghozlani, Imad" sort="Ghozlani, Imad" uniqKey="Ghozlani I" first="Imad" last="Ghozlani">Imad Ghozlani</name></country><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="El Miedany, Yasser" sort="El Miedany, Yasser" uniqKey="El Miedany Y" first="Yasser" last="El Miedany">Yasser El Miedany</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hassan, Waleed A" sort="Hassan, Waleed A" uniqKey="Hassan W" first="Waleed A" last="Hassan">Waleed A. Hassan</name><name sortKey="Mortada, Mohamed" sort="Mortada, Mohamed" uniqKey="Mortada M" first="Mohamed" last="Mortada">Mohamed Mortada</name></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Olaosebikan, Hakeem" sort="Olaosebikan, Hakeem" uniqKey="Olaosebikan H" first="Hakeem" last="Olaosebikan">Hakeem Olaosebikan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Akpabio, Akpabio Akanimo" sort="Akpabio, Akpabio Akanimo" uniqKey="Akpabio A" first="Akpabio Akanimo" last="Akpabio">Akpabio Akanimo Akpabio</name></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kalla, Asgar Ali" sort="Kalla, Asgar Ali" uniqKey="Kalla A" first="Asgar Ali" last="Kalla">Asgar Ali Kalla</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Govind, Nimmisha" sort="Govind, Nimmisha" uniqKey="Govind N" first="Nimmisha" last="Govind">Nimmisha Govind</name><name sortKey="Makan, Kavita" sort="Makan, Kavita" uniqKey="Makan K" first="Kavita" last="Makan">Kavita Makan</name><name sortKey="Scott, Christian" sort="Scott, Christian" uniqKey="Scott C" first="Christian" last="Scott">Christian Scott</name><name sortKey="Tikly, Mohammed" sort="Tikly, Mohammed" uniqKey="Tikly M" first="Mohammed" last="Tikly">Mohammed Tikly</name></country><country name="Kenya"><noRegion><name sortKey="Migowa, Angela Nyangore" sort="Migowa, Angela Nyangore" uniqKey="Migowa A" first="Angela Nyangore" last="Migowa">Angela Nyangore Migowa</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Genga, Eugene Kalman" sort="Genga, Eugene Kalman" uniqKey="Genga E" first="Eugene Kalman" last="Genga">Eugene Kalman Genga</name></country><country name="Algérie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Slimani, Samy" sort="Slimani, Samy" uniqKey="Slimani S" first="Samy" last="Slimani">Samy Slimani</name></noRegion></country><country name="Tunisie"><region name="Gouvernorat de Tunis"><name sortKey="Kawther, Ben Abdelghani" sort="Kawther, Ben Abdelghani" uniqKey="Kawther B" first="Ben Abdelghani" last="Kawther">Ben Abdelghani Kawther</name></region><name sortKey="Hamdi, Wafa" sort="Hamdi, Wafa" uniqKey="Hamdi W" first="Wafa" last="Hamdi">Wafa Hamdi</name></country><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="Dey, Dzifa" sort="Dey, Dzifa" uniqKey="Dey D" first="Dzifa" last="Dey">Dzifa Dey</name></region></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mohamed, Abdelgaffar" sort="Mohamed, Abdelgaffar" uniqKey="Mohamed A" first="Abdelgaffar" last="Mohamed">Abdelgaffar Mohamed</name></noRegion></country><country name="Bénin"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wabi, Moudjib O" sort="Wabi, Moudjib O" uniqKey="Wabi M" first="Moudjib O" last="Wabi">Moudjib O. Wabi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ngandeu Singwe, Madeleine" sort="Ngandeu Singwe, Madeleine" uniqKey="Ngandeu Singwe M" first="Madeleine" last="Ngandeu-Singwe">Madeleine Ngandeu-Singwe</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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