Serveur d'exploration COVID et hydrochloroquine

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.

Identifieur interne : 001149 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001148; suivant : 001150

Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.

Auteurs : Pauline Maisonnasse [France] ; Jérémie Guedj [France] ; Vanessa Contreras [France] ; Sylvie Behillil [France] ; Caroline Solas [France] ; Romain Marlin [France] ; Thibaut Naninck [France] ; Andres Pizzorno [France] ; Julien Lemaitre [France] ; Antonio Gonçalves [France] ; Nidhal Kahlaoui [France] ; Olivier Terrier [France] ; Raphael Ho Tsong Fang [France] ; Vincent Enouf [France] ; Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet [France] ; Angela Brisebarre [France] ; Franck Touret [France] ; Catherine Chapon [France] ; Bruno Hoen [France] ; Bruno Lina [France] ; Manuel Rosa Calatrava [France] ; Sylvie Van Der Werf [France] ; Xavier De Lamballerie [France] ; Roger Le Grand [France]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:32698191

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic and no antiviral drug or vaccine is yet available for the treatment of this disease1-3. Several clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of repurposed drugs that have demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro. Among these candidates, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been given to thousands of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the virus that causes COVID-19-worldwide but there is no definitive evidence that HCQ is effective for treating COVID-194-7. Here we evaluated the antiviral activity of HCQ both in vitro and in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. HCQ showed antiviral activity in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero E6) but not in a model of reconstituted human airway epithelium. In macaques, we tested different treatment strategies in comparison to a placebo treatment, before and after peak viral load, alone or in combination with azithromycin (AZTH). Neither HCQ nor the combination of HCQ and AZTH showed a significant effect on viral load in any of the analysed tissues. When the drug was used as a pre-exposure prophylaxis treatment, HCQ did not confer protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our findings do not support the use of HCQ, either alone or in combination with AZTH, as an antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in humans.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2558-4
PubMed: 32698191


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maisonnasse, Pauline" sort="Maisonnasse, Pauline" uniqKey="Maisonnasse P" first="Pauline" last="Maisonnasse">Pauline Maisonnasse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guedj, Jeremie" sort="Guedj, Jeremie" uniqKey="Guedj J" first="Jérémie" last="Guedj">Jérémie Guedj</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Contreras, Vanessa" sort="Contreras, Vanessa" uniqKey="Contreras V" first="Vanessa" last="Contreras">Vanessa Contreras</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Behillil, Sylvie" sort="Behillil, Sylvie" uniqKey="Behillil S" first="Sylvie" last="Behillil">Sylvie Behillil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Solas, Caroline" sort="Solas, Caroline" uniqKey="Solas C" first="Caroline" last="Solas">Caroline Solas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE) IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE) IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marlin, Romain" sort="Marlin, Romain" uniqKey="Marlin R" first="Romain" last="Marlin">Romain Marlin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Naninck, Thibaut" sort="Naninck, Thibaut" uniqKey="Naninck T" first="Thibaut" last="Naninck">Thibaut Naninck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pizzorno, Andres" sort="Pizzorno, Andres" uniqKey="Pizzorno A" first="Andres" last="Pizzorno">Andres Pizzorno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lemaitre, Julien" sort="Lemaitre, Julien" uniqKey="Lemaitre J" first="Julien" last="Lemaitre">Julien Lemaitre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goncalves, Antonio" sort="Goncalves, Antonio" uniqKey="Goncalves A" first="Antonio" last="Gonçalves">Antonio Gonçalves</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kahlaoui, Nidhal" sort="Kahlaoui, Nidhal" uniqKey="Kahlaoui N" first="Nidhal" last="Kahlaoui">Nidhal Kahlaoui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Terrier, Olivier" sort="Terrier, Olivier" uniqKey="Terrier O" first="Olivier" last="Terrier">Olivier Terrier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fang, Raphael Ho Tsong" sort="Fang, Raphael Ho Tsong" uniqKey="Fang R" first="Raphael Ho Tsong" last="Fang">Raphael Ho Tsong Fang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Enouf, Vincent" sort="Enouf, Vincent" uniqKey="Enouf V" first="Vincent" last="Enouf">Vincent Enouf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Plate-forme de microbiologie mutualisée (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources Network (PIBnet), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plate-forme de microbiologie mutualisée (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources Network (PIBnet), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dereuddre Bosquet, Nathalie" sort="Dereuddre Bosquet, Nathalie" uniqKey="Dereuddre Bosquet N" first="Nathalie" last="Dereuddre-Bosquet">Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brisebarre, Angela" sort="Brisebarre, Angela" uniqKey="Brisebarre A" first="Angela" last="Brisebarre">Angela Brisebarre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Touret, Franck" sort="Touret, Franck" uniqKey="Touret F" first="Franck" last="Touret">Franck Touret</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chapon, Catherine" sort="Chapon, Catherine" uniqKey="Chapon C" first="Catherine" last="Chapon">Catherine Chapon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoen, Bruno" sort="Hoen, Bruno" uniqKey="Hoen B" first="Bruno" last="Hoen">Bruno Hoen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lina, Bruno" sort="Lina, Bruno" uniqKey="Lina B" first="Bruno" last="Lina">Bruno Lina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Calatrava, Manuel Rosa" sort="Calatrava, Manuel Rosa" uniqKey="Calatrava M" first="Manuel Rosa" last="Calatrava">Manuel Rosa Calatrava</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Lamballerie, Xavier" sort="De Lamballerie, Xavier" uniqKey="De Lamballerie X" first="Xavier" last="De Lamballerie">Xavier De Lamballerie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Le Grand, Roger" sort="Le Grand, Roger" uniqKey="Le Grand R" first="Roger" last="Le Grand">Roger Le Grand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. roger.le-grand@cea.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2020">2020</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:32698191</idno>
<idno type="pmid">32698191</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/s41586-020-2558-4</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001078</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001078</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001078</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001078</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001078</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maisonnasse, Pauline" sort="Maisonnasse, Pauline" uniqKey="Maisonnasse P" first="Pauline" last="Maisonnasse">Pauline Maisonnasse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guedj, Jeremie" sort="Guedj, Jeremie" uniqKey="Guedj J" first="Jérémie" last="Guedj">Jérémie Guedj</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Contreras, Vanessa" sort="Contreras, Vanessa" uniqKey="Contreras V" first="Vanessa" last="Contreras">Vanessa Contreras</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Behillil, Sylvie" sort="Behillil, Sylvie" uniqKey="Behillil S" first="Sylvie" last="Behillil">Sylvie Behillil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Solas, Caroline" sort="Solas, Caroline" uniqKey="Solas C" first="Caroline" last="Solas">Caroline Solas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE) IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE) IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marlin, Romain" sort="Marlin, Romain" uniqKey="Marlin R" first="Romain" last="Marlin">Romain Marlin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Naninck, Thibaut" sort="Naninck, Thibaut" uniqKey="Naninck T" first="Thibaut" last="Naninck">Thibaut Naninck</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pizzorno, Andres" sort="Pizzorno, Andres" uniqKey="Pizzorno A" first="Andres" last="Pizzorno">Andres Pizzorno</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lemaitre, Julien" sort="Lemaitre, Julien" uniqKey="Lemaitre J" first="Julien" last="Lemaitre">Julien Lemaitre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goncalves, Antonio" sort="Goncalves, Antonio" uniqKey="Goncalves A" first="Antonio" last="Gonçalves">Antonio Gonçalves</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kahlaoui, Nidhal" sort="Kahlaoui, Nidhal" uniqKey="Kahlaoui N" first="Nidhal" last="Kahlaoui">Nidhal Kahlaoui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Terrier, Olivier" sort="Terrier, Olivier" uniqKey="Terrier O" first="Olivier" last="Terrier">Olivier Terrier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fang, Raphael Ho Tsong" sort="Fang, Raphael Ho Tsong" uniqKey="Fang R" first="Raphael Ho Tsong" last="Fang">Raphael Ho Tsong Fang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Enouf, Vincent" sort="Enouf, Vincent" uniqKey="Enouf V" first="Vincent" last="Enouf">Vincent Enouf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Plate-forme de microbiologie mutualisée (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources Network (PIBnet), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plate-forme de microbiologie mutualisée (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources Network (PIBnet), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dereuddre Bosquet, Nathalie" sort="Dereuddre Bosquet, Nathalie" uniqKey="Dereuddre Bosquet N" first="Nathalie" last="Dereuddre-Bosquet">Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brisebarre, Angela" sort="Brisebarre, Angela" uniqKey="Brisebarre A" first="Angela" last="Brisebarre">Angela Brisebarre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Touret, Franck" sort="Touret, Franck" uniqKey="Touret F" first="Franck" last="Touret">Franck Touret</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chapon, Catherine" sort="Chapon, Catherine" uniqKey="Chapon C" first="Catherine" last="Chapon">Catherine Chapon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoen, Bruno" sort="Hoen, Bruno" uniqKey="Hoen B" first="Bruno" last="Hoen">Bruno Hoen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lina, Bruno" sort="Lina, Bruno" uniqKey="Lina B" first="Bruno" last="Lina">Bruno Lina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Calatrava, Manuel Rosa" sort="Calatrava, Manuel Rosa" uniqKey="Calatrava M" first="Manuel Rosa" last="Calatrava">Manuel Rosa Calatrava</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Lamballerie, Xavier" sort="De Lamballerie, Xavier" uniqKey="De Lamballerie X" first="Xavier" last="De Lamballerie">Xavier De Lamballerie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Le Grand, Roger" sort="Le Grand, Roger" uniqKey="Le Grand R" first="Roger" last="Le Grand">Roger Le Grand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. roger.le-grand@cea.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Fontenay-aux-Roses</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Nature</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals (MeSH)</term>
<term>Azithromycin (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (drug effects)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Chlorocebus aethiops (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (pathology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Cytokines (blood)</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (pharmacokinetics)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>In Vitro Techniques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Kinetics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Macaca fascicularis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (pathology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term>
<term>Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Respiratory Mucosa (cytology)</term>
<term>Respiratory Mucosa (drug effects)</term>
<term>Respiratory Mucosa (virology)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term>
<term>Treatment Failure (MeSH)</term>
<term>Vero Cells (MeSH)</term>
<term>Viral Load (drug effects)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux (MeSH)</term>
<term>Azithromycine (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Azithromycine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Cellules Vero (MeSH)</term>
<term>Charge virale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Cinétique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cytokines (sang)</term>
<term>Facteurs temps (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (pharmacocinétique)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (physiopathologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term>
<term>Macaca fascicularis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine (MeSH)</term>
<term>Muqueuse respiratoire (cytologie)</term>
<term>Muqueuse respiratoire (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Muqueuse respiratoire (virologie)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (physiopathologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term>
<term>Prophylaxie pré-exposition (MeSH)</term>
<term>Techniques in vitro (MeSH)</term>
<term>Échec thérapeutique (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacokinetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Azithromycin</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en">
<term>Azithromycin</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Muqueuse respiratoire</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Respiratory Mucosa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en">
<term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Respiratory Mucosa</term>
<term>Viral Load</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en">
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Charge virale</term>
<term>Muqueuse respiratoire</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacocinétique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Azithromycine</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Azithromycine</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Muqueuse respiratoire</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
<term>Respiratory Mucosa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Chlorocebus aethiops</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>In Vitro Techniques</term>
<term>Kinetics</term>
<term>Macaca fascicularis</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
<term>Time Factors</term>
<term>Treatment Failure</term>
<term>Vero Cells</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Cellules Vero</term>
<term>Cinétique</term>
<term>Facteurs temps</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Macaca fascicularis</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
<term>Prophylaxie pré-exposition</term>
<term>Techniques in vitro</term>
<term>Échec thérapeutique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic and no antiviral drug or vaccine is yet available for the treatment of this disease
<sup>1-3</sup>
. Several clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of repurposed drugs that have demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro. Among these candidates, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been given to thousands of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the virus that causes COVID-19-worldwide but there is no definitive evidence that HCQ is effective for treating COVID-19
<sup>4-7</sup>
. Here we evaluated the antiviral activity of HCQ both in vitro and in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. HCQ showed antiviral activity in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero E6) but not in a model of reconstituted human airway epithelium. In macaques, we tested different treatment strategies in comparison to a placebo treatment, before and after peak viral load, alone or in combination with azithromycin (AZTH). Neither HCQ nor the combination of HCQ and AZTH showed a significant effect on viral load in any of the analysed tissues. When the drug was used as a pre-exposure prophylaxis treatment, HCQ did not confer protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our findings do not support the use of HCQ, either alone or in combination with AZTH, as an antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in humans.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">32698191</PMID>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>05</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>585</Volume>
<Issue>7826</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Nature</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>584-587</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41586-020-2558-4</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic and no antiviral drug or vaccine is yet available for the treatment of this disease
<sup>1-3</sup>
. Several clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of repurposed drugs that have demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro. Among these candidates, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been given to thousands of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the virus that causes COVID-19-worldwide but there is no definitive evidence that HCQ is effective for treating COVID-19
<sup>4-7</sup>
. Here we evaluated the antiviral activity of HCQ both in vitro and in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. HCQ showed antiviral activity in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero E6) but not in a model of reconstituted human airway epithelium. In macaques, we tested different treatment strategies in comparison to a placebo treatment, before and after peak viral load, alone or in combination with azithromycin (AZTH). Neither HCQ nor the combination of HCQ and AZTH showed a significant effect on viral load in any of the analysed tissues. When the drug was used as a pre-exposure prophylaxis treatment, HCQ did not confer protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our findings do not support the use of HCQ, either alone or in combination with AZTH, as an antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in humans.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y">
<LastName>Maisonnasse</LastName>
<ForeName>Pauline</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-207X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y">
<LastName>Guedj</LastName>
<ForeName>Jérémie</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-5482</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y">
<LastName>Contreras</LastName>
<ForeName>Vanessa</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y">
<LastName>Behillil</LastName>
<ForeName>Sylvie</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y">
<LastName>Solas</LastName>
<ForeName>Caroline</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE) IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y">
<LastName>Marlin</LastName>
<ForeName>Romain</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Naninck</LastName>
<ForeName>Thibaut</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Pizzorno</LastName>
<ForeName>Andres</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Lemaitre</LastName>
<ForeName>Julien</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Gonçalves</LastName>
<ForeName>Antonio</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-2429</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Kahlaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Nidhal</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Terrier</LastName>
<ForeName>Olivier</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9393-7684</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Fang</LastName>
<ForeName>Raphael Ho Tsong</ForeName>
<Initials>RHT</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Enouf</LastName>
<ForeName>Vincent</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Plate-forme de microbiologie mutualisée (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources Network (PIBnet), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Dereuddre-Bosquet</LastName>
<ForeName>Nathalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-6313</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Brisebarre</LastName>
<ForeName>Angela</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Touret</LastName>
<ForeName>Franck</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-2249</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Chapon</LastName>
<ForeName>Catherine</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Hoen</LastName>
<ForeName>Bruno</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Lina</LastName>
<ForeName>Bruno</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Calatrava</LastName>
<ForeName>Manuel Rosa</ForeName>
<Initials>MR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>van der Werf</LastName>
<ForeName>Sylvie</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-4456</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, GMVR, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Centre National de Référence des Virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>de Lamballerie</LastName>
<ForeName>Xavier</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Le Grand</LastName>
<ForeName>Roger</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-4484</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. roger.le-grand@cea.fr.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>22</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Nature</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>0410462</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0028-0836</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D016207">Cytokines</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<SupplMeshList>
<SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName>
</SupplMeshList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D017963" MajorTopicYN="N">Azithromycin</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D002522" MajorTopicYN="N">Chlorocebus aethiops</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="N">physiopathology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D016207" MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokines</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D004195" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Models, Animal</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000493" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacokinetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D066298" MajorTopicYN="N">In Vitro Techniques</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D007700" MajorTopicYN="N">Kinetics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D008252" MajorTopicYN="N">Macaca fascicularis</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="N">physiopathology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D065129" MajorTopicYN="N">Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D020545" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiratory Mucosa</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000166" MajorTopicYN="N">cytology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D017211" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Failure</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D014709" MajorTopicYN="N">Vero Cells</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D019562" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Load</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData>
<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>6</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32698191</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41586-020-2558-4</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1038/s41586-020-2558-4</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
<ReferenceList>
<Reference>
<Citation>He, X. et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat. Med. 26, 672–675 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497–506 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chen, G. et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 2620–2629 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1172/JCI137244</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Touret, F. & de Lamballerie, X. Of chloroquine and COVID-19. Antiviral Res. 177, 104762 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104762</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Touret, F. et al. In vitro screening of a FDA approved chemical library reveals potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Sci. Rep. 10, 13093 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41598-020-70143-6</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Gautret, P. et al. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: a pilot observational study. Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 34, 101663 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101663</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Magagnoli, J. et al. Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19. Med 1, 1–14 (2020).</Citation>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Li, Q. et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1199–1207 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa2001316</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Wang, M. et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 30, 269–271 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Liu, J. et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov. 6, 16 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Ponticelli, C. & Moroni, G. Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 16, 411–419 (2017).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1080/14740338.2017.1269168</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Savarino, A., Di Trani, L., Donatelli, I., Cauda, R. & Cassone, A. New insights into the antiviral effects of chloroquine. Lancet Infect. Dis. 6, 67–69 (2006).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70361-9</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Rainsford, K. D., Parke, A. L., Clifford-Rashotte, M. & Kean, W. F. Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. Inflammopharmacology 23, 231–269 (2015).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s10787-015-0239-y</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Schrezenmeier, E. & Dörner, T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 16, 155–166 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41584-020-0372-x</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Monzavi, S. M. et al. Efficacy analysis of hydroxychloroquine therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a study on disease activity and immunological biomarkers. Inflammopharmacology 26, 1175–1182 (2018).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s10787-018-0512-y</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Fanouriakis, A. et al. 2019 Update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 79, 713–723 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32220834</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Zhang, B. et al. Macrolide derivatives reduce proinflammatory macrophage activation and macrophage-mediated neurotoxicity. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 25, 591–600 (2019).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/cns.13092</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Rockx, B. et al. Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model. Science 368, 1012–1015 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1126/science.abb7314</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Williamson, B. N. et al. Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2423-5 (2020).</Citation>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Shi, R. et al. A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 584, 120–124 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Yao, X. et al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin. Infect. Dis. 71, 732–739 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/cid/ciaa237</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Nicolas de Lamballerie, C. et al. Characterization of cellular transcriptomic signatures induced by different respiratory viruses in human reconstituted airway epithelia. Sci. Rep. 9, 11493 (2019).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41598-019-48013-7</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Pizzorno, A. et al. Characterization and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal and bronchial human airway epithelia. Cell. Rep. Med 1, 100059 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100059</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Pan, F. et al. Time course of lung changes at chest CT during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology 295, 715–721 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1148/radiol.2020200370</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Shi, H. et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 425–434 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Tett, S. E., Cutler, D. J., Day, R. O. & Brown, K. F. A dose-ranging study of the pharmacokinetics of hydroxy-chloroquine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 26, 303–313 (1988).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05281.x</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Liu, Y. et al. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 656–657 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30232-2</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chen, N. et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395, 507–513 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Roques, P. et al. Paradoxical effect of chloroquine treatment in enhancing chikungunya virus infection. Viruses 10, 268 (2018).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3390/v10050268</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Chhonker, Y. S., Sleightholm, R. L., Li, J., Oupický, D. & Murry, D. J. Simultaneous quantitation of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in mouse blood and tissues using LC-ESI-MS/MS: an application for pharmacokinetic studies. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 1072, 320–327 (2018).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.026</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference>
<Citation>Lescure, F. X. et al. Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 697–706 (2020).</Citation>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30200-0</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>France</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Lyon</li>
<li>Marseille</li>
<li>Paris</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université d'Aix-Marseille</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="France">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Maisonnasse, Pauline" sort="Maisonnasse, Pauline" uniqKey="Maisonnasse P" first="Pauline" last="Maisonnasse">Pauline Maisonnasse</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Behillil, Sylvie" sort="Behillil, Sylvie" uniqKey="Behillil S" first="Sylvie" last="Behillil">Sylvie Behillil</name>
<name sortKey="Behillil, Sylvie" sort="Behillil, Sylvie" uniqKey="Behillil S" first="Sylvie" last="Behillil">Sylvie Behillil</name>
<name sortKey="Brisebarre, Angela" sort="Brisebarre, Angela" uniqKey="Brisebarre A" first="Angela" last="Brisebarre">Angela Brisebarre</name>
<name sortKey="Brisebarre, Angela" sort="Brisebarre, Angela" uniqKey="Brisebarre A" first="Angela" last="Brisebarre">Angela Brisebarre</name>
<name sortKey="Calatrava, Manuel Rosa" sort="Calatrava, Manuel Rosa" uniqKey="Calatrava M" first="Manuel Rosa" last="Calatrava">Manuel Rosa Calatrava</name>
<name sortKey="Chapon, Catherine" sort="Chapon, Catherine" uniqKey="Chapon C" first="Catherine" last="Chapon">Catherine Chapon</name>
<name sortKey="Contreras, Vanessa" sort="Contreras, Vanessa" uniqKey="Contreras V" first="Vanessa" last="Contreras">Vanessa Contreras</name>
<name sortKey="De Lamballerie, Xavier" sort="De Lamballerie, Xavier" uniqKey="De Lamballerie X" first="Xavier" last="De Lamballerie">Xavier De Lamballerie</name>
<name sortKey="Dereuddre Bosquet, Nathalie" sort="Dereuddre Bosquet, Nathalie" uniqKey="Dereuddre Bosquet N" first="Nathalie" last="Dereuddre-Bosquet">Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet</name>
<name sortKey="Enouf, Vincent" sort="Enouf, Vincent" uniqKey="Enouf V" first="Vincent" last="Enouf">Vincent Enouf</name>
<name sortKey="Enouf, Vincent" sort="Enouf, Vincent" uniqKey="Enouf V" first="Vincent" last="Enouf">Vincent Enouf</name>
<name sortKey="Enouf, Vincent" sort="Enouf, Vincent" uniqKey="Enouf V" first="Vincent" last="Enouf">Vincent Enouf</name>
<name sortKey="Fang, Raphael Ho Tsong" sort="Fang, Raphael Ho Tsong" uniqKey="Fang R" first="Raphael Ho Tsong" last="Fang">Raphael Ho Tsong Fang</name>
<name sortKey="Goncalves, Antonio" sort="Goncalves, Antonio" uniqKey="Goncalves A" first="Antonio" last="Gonçalves">Antonio Gonçalves</name>
<name sortKey="Guedj, Jeremie" sort="Guedj, Jeremie" uniqKey="Guedj J" first="Jérémie" last="Guedj">Jérémie Guedj</name>
<name sortKey="Hoen, Bruno" sort="Hoen, Bruno" uniqKey="Hoen B" first="Bruno" last="Hoen">Bruno Hoen</name>
<name sortKey="Kahlaoui, Nidhal" sort="Kahlaoui, Nidhal" uniqKey="Kahlaoui N" first="Nidhal" last="Kahlaoui">Nidhal Kahlaoui</name>
<name sortKey="Le Grand, Roger" sort="Le Grand, Roger" uniqKey="Le Grand R" first="Roger" last="Le Grand">Roger Le Grand</name>
<name sortKey="Lemaitre, Julien" sort="Lemaitre, Julien" uniqKey="Lemaitre J" first="Julien" last="Lemaitre">Julien Lemaitre</name>
<name sortKey="Lina, Bruno" sort="Lina, Bruno" uniqKey="Lina B" first="Bruno" last="Lina">Bruno Lina</name>
<name sortKey="Lina, Bruno" sort="Lina, Bruno" uniqKey="Lina B" first="Bruno" last="Lina">Bruno Lina</name>
<name sortKey="Marlin, Romain" sort="Marlin, Romain" uniqKey="Marlin R" first="Romain" last="Marlin">Romain Marlin</name>
<name sortKey="Naninck, Thibaut" sort="Naninck, Thibaut" uniqKey="Naninck T" first="Thibaut" last="Naninck">Thibaut Naninck</name>
<name sortKey="Pizzorno, Andres" sort="Pizzorno, Andres" uniqKey="Pizzorno A" first="Andres" last="Pizzorno">Andres Pizzorno</name>
<name sortKey="Solas, Caroline" sort="Solas, Caroline" uniqKey="Solas C" first="Caroline" last="Solas">Caroline Solas</name>
<name sortKey="Terrier, Olivier" sort="Terrier, Olivier" uniqKey="Terrier O" first="Olivier" last="Terrier">Olivier Terrier</name>
<name sortKey="Touret, Franck" sort="Touret, Franck" uniqKey="Touret F" first="Franck" last="Touret">Franck Touret</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidChloroV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001149 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001149 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    CovidChloroV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:32698191
   |texte=   Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:32698191" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidChloroV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Sat May 22 17:02:32 2021. Site generation: Sat May 22 17:06:52 2021