Early hydroxychloroquine but not chloroquine use reduces ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.
Identifieur interne : 001380 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001379; suivant : 001381Early hydroxychloroquine but not chloroquine use reduces ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.
Auteurs : A J J. Lammers [Pays-Bas] ; R M Brohet [Pays-Bas] ; R E P. Theunissen [Pays-Bas] ; C. Koster [Pays-Bas] ; R. Rood [Pays-Bas] ; D W M. Verhagen [Pays-Bas] ; K. Brinkman [Pays-Bas] ; R J Hassing [Pays-Bas] ; A. Dofferhoff [Pays-Bas] ; R. El Moussaoui [Pays-Bas] ; G. Hermanides [Pays-Bas] ; J. Ellerbroek [Pays-Bas] ; N. Bokhizzou [Pays-Bas] ; H. Visser [Pays-Bas] ; M. Van Den Berge [Pays-Bas] ; H. Bax [Pays-Bas] ; D F Postma [Pays-Bas] ; P H P. Groeneveld [Pays-Bas]Source :
- International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [ 1878-3511 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Admission du patient (statistiques et données numériques), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Chloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Femelle (MeSH), Hospitalisation (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Mâle (MeSH), Pays-Bas (épidémiologie), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Unités de soins intensifs (statistiques et données numériques), Études prospectives (MeSH).
- MESH :
- statistiques et données numériques : Admission du patient, Unités de soins intensifs.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine.
- épidémiologie : Pays-Bas.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Femelle, Hospitalisation, Humains, Mâle, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études prospectives.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Pays-Bas.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), COVID-19 (drug therapy), COVID-19 (epidemiology), COVID-19 (virology), Chloroquine (therapeutic use), Female (MeSH), Hospitalization (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Intensive Care Units (statistics & numerical data), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Netherlands (epidemiology), Patient Admission (statistics & numerical data), Prospective Studies (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (drug effects), SARS-CoV-2 (physiology), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine.
- geographic , epidemiology : Netherlands.
- drug effects : SARS-CoV-2.
- drug therapy : COVID-19.
- epidemiology : COVID-19.
- physiology : SARS-CoV-2.
- statistics & numerical data : Intensive Care Units, Patient Admission.
- virology : COVID-19.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The global push for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) against COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing discussion about the effectivity and toxicity of these drugs. Recent studies report no effect of (H)CQ on 28-day mortality. We investigated the effect of HCQ and CQ in hospitalized patients on the non-ICU COVID-ward.
METHODS
A nationwide, observational cohort study was performed in The Netherlands. Hospitals were given the opportunity to decide independently on the use of three different COVID-19 treatment strategies: HCQ, CQ, or no treatment. We compared the outcomes between these groups. The primary outcomes were 1) death on the COVID-19 ward, and 2) transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU).
RESULTS
The analysis included 1064 patients from 14 hospitals: 566 patients received treatment with either HCQ (n = 189) or CQ (n = 377), and 498 patients received no treatment. In a multivariate propensity-matched weighted competing regression analysis, there was no significant effect of (H)CQ on mortality on the COVID ward. However, HCQ was associated with a significantly decreased risk of transfer to the ICU (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.27-0.82, p = 0.008) when compared with controls. This effect was not found in the CQ group (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.55-1.15, p = 0.207), and remained significant after competing risk analysis.
CONCLUSION
The results of this observational study demonstrate a lack of effect of (H)CQ on non-ICU mortality. However, we show that the use of HCQ - but not CQ - is associated with a 53% reduction in risk of transfer of COVID-19 patients from the regular ward to the ICU. Recent prospective studies have reported on 28-day, all-cause mortality only; therefore, additional prospective data on the early effects of HCQ in preventing transfer to the ICU are still needed.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1460
PubMed: 33007454
PubMed Central: PMC7524430
Affiliations:
- Pays-Bas
- Groningue (province), Gueldre, Hollande-Septentrionale, Utrecht (province)
- Amsterdam, Groningue, Nimègue, Utrecht
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Early hydroxychloroquine but not chloroquine use reduces ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lammers, A J J" sort="Lammers, A J J" uniqKey="Lammers A" first="A J J" last="Lammers">A J J. Lammers</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Brohet, R M" sort="Brohet, R M" uniqKey="Brohet R" first="R M" last="Brohet">R M Brohet</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Theunissen, R E P" sort="Theunissen, R E P" uniqKey="Theunissen R" first="R E P" last="Theunissen">R E P. Theunissen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Koster, C" sort="Koster, C" uniqKey="Koster C" first="C" last="Koster">C. Koster</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rood, R" sort="Rood, R" uniqKey="Rood R" first="R" last="Rood">R. Rood</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Brinkman, K" sort="Brinkman, K" uniqKey="Brinkman K" first="K" last="Brinkman">K. Brinkman</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>OLVG, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Hassing, R J" sort="Hassing, R J" uniqKey="Hassing R" first="R J" last="Hassing">R J Hassing</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rijnstate, Arnhem, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Rijnstate, Arnhem</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Arnhem</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Dofferhoff, A" sort="Dofferhoff, A" uniqKey="Dofferhoff A" first="A" last="Dofferhoff">A. Dofferhoff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="El Moussaoui, R" sort="El Moussaoui, R" uniqKey="El Moussaoui R" first="R" last="El Moussaoui">R. El Moussaoui</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Hermanides, G" sort="Hermanides, G" uniqKey="Hermanides G" first="G" last="Hermanides">G. Hermanides</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Rode Kruis Hospital, Beverwijk</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Beverwijk</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Ellerbroek, J" sort="Ellerbroek, J" uniqKey="Ellerbroek J" first="J" last="Ellerbroek">J. Ellerbroek</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Delft</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Bokhizzou, N" sort="Bokhizzou, N" uniqKey="Bokhizzou N" first="N" last="Bokhizzou">N. Bokhizzou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>BovenIJ Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>BovenIJ Hospital, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Visser, H" sort="Visser, H" uniqKey="Visser H" first="H" last="Visser">H. Visser</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Beatrix Hospital Gorinchem, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Beatrix Hospital Gorinchem</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Berge, M" sort="Van Den Berge, M" uniqKey="Van Den Berge M" first="M" last="Van Den Berge">M. Van Den Berge</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Bax, H" sort="Bax, H" uniqKey="Bax H" first="H" last="Bax">H. Bax</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Postma, D F" sort="Postma, D F" uniqKey="Postma D" first="D F" last="Postma">D F Postma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Groeneveld, P H P" sort="Groeneveld, P H P" uniqKey="Groeneveld P" first="P H P" last="Groeneveld">P H P. Groeneveld</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Isala, Zwolle</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zwolle</wicri:noRegion>
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<series><title level="j">International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</title>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term>
<term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (epidemiology)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (virology)</term>
<term>Chloroquine (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hospitalization (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Netherlands (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Patient Admission (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Prospective Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (drug effects)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (physiology)</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Admission du patient (statistiques et données numériques)</term>
<term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Chloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hospitalisation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pays-Bas (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs (statistiques et données numériques)</term>
<term>Études prospectives (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term>
<term>Chloroquine</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Netherlands</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Intensive Care Units</term>
<term>Patient Admission</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Admission du patient</term>
<term>Unités de soins intensifs</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term>
<term>Chloroquine</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pays-Bas</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Hospitalization</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Prospective Studies</term>
<term>Treatment Outcome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Hospitalisation</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Résultat thérapeutique</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term>
<term>Études prospectives</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pays-Bas</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>The global push for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) against COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing discussion about the effectivity and toxicity of these drugs. Recent studies report no effect of (H)CQ on 28-day mortality. We investigated the effect of HCQ and CQ in hospitalized patients on the non-ICU COVID-ward.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>A nationwide, observational cohort study was performed in The Netherlands. Hospitals were given the opportunity to decide independently on the use of three different COVID-19 treatment strategies: HCQ, CQ, or no treatment. We compared the outcomes between these groups. The primary outcomes were 1) death on the COVID-19 ward, and 2) transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU).</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>The analysis included 1064 patients from 14 hospitals: 566 patients received treatment with either HCQ (n = 189) or CQ (n = 377), and 498 patients received no treatment. In a multivariate propensity-matched weighted competing regression analysis, there was no significant effect of (H)CQ on mortality on the COVID ward. However, HCQ was associated with a significantly decreased risk of transfer to the ICU (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.27-0.82, p = 0.008) when compared with controls. This effect was not found in the CQ group (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.55-1.15, p = 0.207), and remained significant after competing risk analysis.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>
</p>
<p>The results of this observational study demonstrate a lack of effect of (H)CQ on non-ICU mortality. However, we show that the use of HCQ - but not CQ - is associated with a 53% reduction in risk of transfer of COVID-19 patients from the regular ward to the ICU. Recent prospective studies have reported on 28-day, all-cause mortality only; therefore, additional prospective data on the early effects of HCQ in preventing transfer to the ICU are still needed.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>22</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-3511</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>101</Volume>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Dec</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Int J Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Early hydroxychloroquine but not chloroquine use reduces ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>283-289</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1201-9712(20)32175-5</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1460</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The global push for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) against COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing discussion about the effectivity and toxicity of these drugs. Recent studies report no effect of (H)CQ on 28-day mortality. We investigated the effect of HCQ and CQ in hospitalized patients on the non-ICU COVID-ward.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A nationwide, observational cohort study was performed in The Netherlands. Hospitals were given the opportunity to decide independently on the use of three different COVID-19 treatment strategies: HCQ, CQ, or no treatment. We compared the outcomes between these groups. The primary outcomes were 1) death on the COVID-19 ward, and 2) transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The analysis included 1064 patients from 14 hospitals: 566 patients received treatment with either HCQ (n = 189) or CQ (n = 377), and 498 patients received no treatment. In a multivariate propensity-matched weighted competing regression analysis, there was no significant effect of (H)CQ on mortality on the COVID ward. However, HCQ was associated with a significantly decreased risk of transfer to the ICU (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.27-0.82, p = 0.008) when compared with controls. This effect was not found in the CQ group (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.55-1.15, p = 0.207), and remained significant after competing risk analysis.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The results of this observational study demonstrate a lack of effect of (H)CQ on non-ICU mortality. However, we show that the use of HCQ - but not CQ - is associated with a 53% reduction in risk of transfer of COVID-19 patients from the regular ward to the ICU. Recent prospective studies have reported on 28-day, all-cause mortality only; therefore, additional prospective data on the early effects of HCQ in preventing transfer to the ICU are still needed.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lammers</LastName>
<ForeName>A J J</ForeName>
<Initials>AJJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.j.j.lammers@isala.nl.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brohet</LastName>
<ForeName>R M</ForeName>
<Initials>RM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Isala Academy, Zwolle, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Theunissen</LastName>
<ForeName>R E P</ForeName>
<Initials>REP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koster</LastName>
<ForeName>C</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rood</LastName>
<ForeName>R</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Verhagen</LastName>
<ForeName>D W M</ForeName>
<Initials>DWM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medisch Centrum Jan van Goyen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brinkman</LastName>
<ForeName>K</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hassing</LastName>
<ForeName>R J</ForeName>
<Initials>RJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rijnstate, Arnhem, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dofferhoff</LastName>
<ForeName>A</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El Moussaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>R</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Maasstad Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hermanides</LastName>
<ForeName>G</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rode Kruis Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ellerbroek</LastName>
<ForeName>J</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bokhizzou</LastName>
<ForeName>N</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>BovenIJ Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Visser</LastName>
<ForeName>H</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beatrix Hospital Gorinchem, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van den Berge</LastName>
<ForeName>M</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Admiraal de Ruiter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bax</LastName>
<ForeName>H</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Postma</LastName>
<ForeName>D F</ForeName>
<Initials>DF</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Groeneveld</LastName>
<ForeName>P H P</ForeName>
<Initials>PHP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Canada</Country>
<MedlineTA>Int J Infect Dis</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9610933</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1201-9712</ISSNLinking>
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<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
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<CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Feb;103:516</RefSource>
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<CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Feb;103:402-403</RefSource>
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<CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Feb;103:478-479</RefSource>
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<CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Feb;103:560-561</RefSource>
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<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010343" MajorTopicYN="N">Patient Admission</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName>
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<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Chloroquine</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical course</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword>
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<tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lammers, A J J" sort="Lammers, A J J" uniqKey="Lammers A" first="A J J" last="Lammers">A J J. Lammers</name>
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<name sortKey="Bax, H" sort="Bax, H" uniqKey="Bax H" first="H" last="Bax">H. Bax</name>
<name sortKey="Bokhizzou, N" sort="Bokhizzou, N" uniqKey="Bokhizzou N" first="N" last="Bokhizzou">N. Bokhizzou</name>
<name sortKey="Brinkman, K" sort="Brinkman, K" uniqKey="Brinkman K" first="K" last="Brinkman">K. Brinkman</name>
<name sortKey="Brohet, R M" sort="Brohet, R M" uniqKey="Brohet R" first="R M" last="Brohet">R M Brohet</name>
<name sortKey="Dofferhoff, A" sort="Dofferhoff, A" uniqKey="Dofferhoff A" first="A" last="Dofferhoff">A. Dofferhoff</name>
<name sortKey="El Moussaoui, R" sort="El Moussaoui, R" uniqKey="El Moussaoui R" first="R" last="El Moussaoui">R. El Moussaoui</name>
<name sortKey="Ellerbroek, J" sort="Ellerbroek, J" uniqKey="Ellerbroek J" first="J" last="Ellerbroek">J. Ellerbroek</name>
<name sortKey="Groeneveld, P H P" sort="Groeneveld, P H P" uniqKey="Groeneveld P" first="P H P" last="Groeneveld">P H P. Groeneveld</name>
<name sortKey="Hassing, R J" sort="Hassing, R J" uniqKey="Hassing R" first="R J" last="Hassing">R J Hassing</name>
<name sortKey="Hermanides, G" sort="Hermanides, G" uniqKey="Hermanides G" first="G" last="Hermanides">G. Hermanides</name>
<name sortKey="Koster, C" sort="Koster, C" uniqKey="Koster C" first="C" last="Koster">C. Koster</name>
<name sortKey="Postma, D F" sort="Postma, D F" uniqKey="Postma D" first="D F" last="Postma">D F Postma</name>
<name sortKey="Rood, R" sort="Rood, R" uniqKey="Rood R" first="R" last="Rood">R. Rood</name>
<name sortKey="Theunissen, R E P" sort="Theunissen, R E P" uniqKey="Theunissen R" first="R E P" last="Theunissen">R E P. Theunissen</name>
<name sortKey="Van Den Berge, M" sort="Van Den Berge, M" uniqKey="Van Den Berge M" first="M" last="Van Den Berge">M. Van Den Berge</name>
<name sortKey="Verhagen, D W M" sort="Verhagen, D W M" uniqKey="Verhagen D" first="D W M" last="Verhagen">D W M. Verhagen</name>
<name sortKey="Visser, H" sort="Visser, H" uniqKey="Visser H" first="H" last="Visser">H. Visser</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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