Safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir combination in COVID-19: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis.
Identifieur interne : 000865 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000864; suivant : 000866Safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir combination in COVID-19: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis.
Auteurs : Anusuya Bhattacharyya [Inde] ; Subodh Kumar [Inde] ; Phulen Sarma [Inde] ; Hardeep Kaur [Inde] ; Manisha Prajapat [Inde] ; Nishant Shekhar [Inde] ; Seema Bansal [Inde] ; Pramod Avti [Inde] ; Mythili Hazarika [Inde] ; Saurabh Sharma [Inde] ; Dhruv Mahendru [Inde] ; Ajay Prakash [Inde] ; Bikash Medhi [Inde]Source :
- Indian journal of pharmacology [ 1998-3751 ]
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Association médicamenteuse (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Lopinavir (usage thérapeutique), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux), Ritonavir (usage thérapeutique), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Résultats négatifs (MeSH).
- MESH :
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux, Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- Association médicamenteuse, Humains, Pandémies, Résultat thérapeutique, Résultats négatifs.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- COVID-19, Drug Combinations, Humans, Negative Results, Pandemics, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Being protease inhibitors and owing to their efficacy in SARS-CoV, lopinavir + ritonavir (L/R) combination is being used in the management of COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of L/R combination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Comparative, observational studies and controlled clinical trials comparing L/R combination to standard of care (SOC)/control or any other antiviral agent/combinations were included. A total of 10 databases were searched to identify 13 studies that fulfilled the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
No discernible beneficial effect was seen in the L/R group in comparison to SOC/control in terms of "progression to more severe state" (4 studies, odds ratio [OR]: 1.446 [0.722-2.895]), "mortality" (3 studies, OR: 1.208 [0.563-2.592]), and "virological cure on days 7-10" (3 studies, OR: 0.777 [0.371-1.630]), while the L/R combination arm performed better than the SOC/control arm in terms of "duration of hospital stay" (3 studies, mean difference (MD): -1.466 [-2.403 to - 0.529]) and "time to virological cure" (3 studies, MD: -3.272 [-6.090 to - 0.454]). No difference in efficacy was found between L/R versus hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and L/R versus arbidol. However, in a single randomized controlled trail (open label), chloroquine (CQ) performed better than L/R. The combination L/R with arbidol may be beneficial (in terms of virological clearance and radiological improvement); however, we need more dedicated studies. Single studies report efficacy of L/R + interferon (IFN, either alpha or 1-beta) combination. We need more studies to delineate the proper effect size. Regarding adverse effects, except occurrence of diarrhea (higher in the L/R group), safety was comparable to SOC.
CONCLUSION
In our study, no difference was seen between the L/R combination and the SOC arm in terms of "progression to more severe state," "mortality," and virological cure on days 7-10;" however, some benefits in terms of "duration of hospital stay" and "time to virological cure" were seen. No significant difference in efficacy was seen when L/R was compared to arbidol and HCQ monotherapy. Except for the occurrence of diarrhea, which was higher in the L/R group, safety profile of L/R is comparable to SOC. Compared to L/R combination, CQ, L/R + arbidol, L/R + IFN-α, and L/R + IFN-1β showed better efficacy, but the external validity of these findings is limited by limited number of studies (1 study each).
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_627_20
PubMed: 33078733
PubMed Central: PMC7722914
Affiliations:
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Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Assam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, Saurabh" sort="Sharma, Saurabh" uniqKey="Sharma S" first="Saurabh" last="Sharma">Saurabh Sharma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahendru, Dhruv" sort="Mahendru, Dhruv" uniqKey="Mahendru D" first="Dhruv" last="Mahendru">Dhruv 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Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Subodh" sort="Kumar, Subodh" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="Subodh" last="Kumar">Subodh Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarma, Phulen" sort="Sarma, Phulen" uniqKey="Sarma P" first="Phulen" last="Sarma">Phulen Sarma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaur, Hardeep" sort="Kaur, Hardeep" uniqKey="Kaur H" first="Hardeep" last="Kaur">Hardeep Kaur</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prajapat, Manisha" sort="Prajapat, Manisha" uniqKey="Prajapat M" first="Manisha" last="Prajapat">Manisha Prajapat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shekhar, Nishant" sort="Shekhar, Nishant" uniqKey="Shekhar N" first="Nishant" last="Shekhar">Nishant Shekhar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bansal, Seema" sort="Bansal, Seema" uniqKey="Bansal S" first="Seema" last="Bansal">Seema Bansal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avti, Pramod" sort="Avti, Pramod" uniqKey="Avti P" first="Pramod" last="Avti">Pramod Avti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hazarika, Mythili" sort="Hazarika, Mythili" uniqKey="Hazarika M" first="Mythili" last="Hazarika">Mythili Hazarika</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Assam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, Saurabh" sort="Sharma, Saurabh" uniqKey="Sharma S" first="Saurabh" last="Sharma">Saurabh Sharma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahendru, Dhruv" sort="Mahendru, Dhruv" uniqKey="Mahendru D" first="Dhruv" last="Mahendru">Dhruv Mahendru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Ajay" sort="Prakash, Ajay" uniqKey="Prakash A" first="Ajay" last="Prakash">Ajay Prakash</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medhi, Bikash" sort="Medhi, Bikash" uniqKey="Medhi B" first="Bikash" last="Medhi">Bikash Medhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chandigarh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Indian journal of pharmacology</title><idno type="eISSN">1998-3751</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Drug Combinations (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Lopinavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Negative Results (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Association médicamenteuse (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Lopinavir (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Ritonavir (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term><term>Résultats négatifs (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Drug Combinations</term><term>Humans</term><term>Negative Results</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Association médicamenteuse</term><term>Humains</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Résultats négatifs</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Being protease inhibitors and owing to their efficacy in SARS-CoV, lopinavir + ritonavir (L/R) combination is being used in the management of COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of L/R combination.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b></p><p>Comparative, observational studies and controlled clinical trials comparing L/R combination to standard of care (SOC)/control or any other antiviral agent/combinations were included. A total of 10 databases were searched to identify 13 studies that fulfilled the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>No discernible beneficial effect was seen in the L/R group in comparison to SOC/control in terms of "progression to more severe state" (4 studies, odds ratio [OR]: 1.446 [0.722-2.895]), "mortality" (3 studies, OR: 1.208 [0.563-2.592]), and "virological cure on days 7-10" (3 studies, OR: 0.777 [0.371-1.630]), while the L/R combination arm performed better than the SOC/control arm in terms of "duration of hospital stay" (3 studies, mean difference (MD): -1.466 [-2.403 to - 0.529]) and "time to virological cure" (3 studies, MD: -3.272 [-6.090 to - 0.454]). No difference in efficacy was found between L/R versus hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and L/R versus arbidol. However, in a single randomized controlled trail (open label), chloroquine (CQ) performed better than L/R. The combination L/R with arbidol may be beneficial (in terms of virological clearance and radiological improvement); however, we need more dedicated studies. Single studies report efficacy of L/R + interferon (IFN, either alpha or 1-beta) combination. We need more studies to delineate the proper effect size. Regarding adverse effects, except occurrence of diarrhea (higher in the L/R group), safety was comparable to SOC.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>In our study, no difference was seen between the L/R combination and the SOC arm in terms of "progression to more severe state," "mortality," and virological cure on days 7-10;" however, some benefits in terms of "duration of hospital stay" and "time to virological cure" were seen. No significant difference in efficacy was seen when L/R was compared to arbidol and HCQ monotherapy. Except for the occurrence of diarrhea, which was higher in the L/R group, safety profile of L/R is comparable to SOC. Compared to L/R combination, CQ, L/R + arbidol, L/R + IFN-α, and L/R + IFN-1β showed better efficacy, but the external validity of these findings is limited by limited number of studies (1 study each).</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33078733</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>29</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1998-3751</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>52</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><MedlineDate>2020 Jul-Aug</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Indian journal of pharmacology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Indian J Pharmacol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir combination in COVID-19: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>313-323</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.4103/ijp.IJP_627_20</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Being protease inhibitors and owing to their efficacy in SARS-CoV, lopinavir + ritonavir (L/R) combination is being used in the management of COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of L/R combination.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Comparative, observational studies and controlled clinical trials comparing L/R combination to standard of care (SOC)/control or any other antiviral agent/combinations were included. A total of 10 databases were searched to identify 13 studies that fulfilled the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">No discernible beneficial effect was seen in the L/R group in comparison to SOC/control in terms of "progression to more severe state" (4 studies, odds ratio [OR]: 1.446 [0.722-2.895]), "mortality" (3 studies, OR: 1.208 [0.563-2.592]), and "virological cure on days 7-10" (3 studies, OR: 0.777 [0.371-1.630]), while the L/R combination arm performed better than the SOC/control arm in terms of "duration of hospital stay" (3 studies, mean difference (MD): -1.466 [-2.403 to - 0.529]) and "time to virological cure" (3 studies, MD: -3.272 [-6.090 to - 0.454]). No difference in efficacy was found between L/R versus hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and L/R versus arbidol. However, in a single randomized controlled trail (open label), chloroquine (CQ) performed better than L/R. The combination L/R with arbidol may be beneficial (in terms of virological clearance and radiological improvement); however, we need more dedicated studies. Single studies report efficacy of L/R + interferon (IFN, either alpha or 1-beta) combination. We need more studies to delineate the proper effect size. Regarding adverse effects, except occurrence of diarrhea (higher in the L/R group), safety was comparable to SOC.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">In our study, no difference was seen between the L/R combination and the SOC arm in terms of "progression to more severe state," "mortality," and virological cure on days 7-10;" however, some benefits in terms of "duration of hospital stay" and "time to virological cure" were seen. No significant difference in efficacy was seen when L/R was compared to arbidol and HCQ monotherapy. Except for the occurrence of diarrhea, which was higher in the L/R group, safety profile of L/R is comparable to SOC. Compared to L/R combination, CQ, L/R + arbidol, L/R + IFN-α, and L/R + IFN-1β showed better efficacy, but the external validity of these findings is limited by limited number of studies (1 study each).</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bhattacharyya</LastName><ForeName>Anusuya</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Subodh</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sarma</LastName><ForeName>Phulen</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaur</LastName><ForeName>Hardeep</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prajapat</LastName><ForeName>Manisha</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shekhar</LastName><ForeName>Nishant</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bansal</LastName><ForeName>Seema</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Avti</LastName><ForeName>Pramod</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hazarika</LastName><ForeName>Mythili</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharma</LastName><ForeName>Saurabh</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mahendru</LastName><ForeName>Dhruv</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prakash</LastName><ForeName>Ajay</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Medhi</LastName><ForeName>Bikash</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D017418">Meta-Analysis</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D000078182">Systematic Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>India</Country><MedlineTA>Indian J Pharmacol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7902477</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0253-7613</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004338">Drug Combinations</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>2494G1JF75</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D061466">Lopinavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>O3J8G9O825</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019438">Ritonavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004338" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Combinations</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D061466" MajorTopicYN="N">Lopinavir</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000076723" MajorTopicYN="N">Negative Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019438" MajorTopicYN="N">Ritonavir</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">A: Arbidol</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ADR: Adverse drug reaction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ALT: Alanine aminotransferase</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">AST: Aspartate aminotransferase</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19: Corona virus disease-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">CQ: Chloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HCQ: Hydroxy chloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">IFN: Interferon</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">MD: Mean difference</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">OR: Odd ratio</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SOC: Standard of care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">lopinavir</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">meta-analysis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ritonavir Abbreviations: L/R: Lopinavir + Ritonavir</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>None</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>8</Hour><Minute>37</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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first="Mythili" last="Hazarika">Mythili Hazarika</name><name sortKey="Kaur, Hardeep" sort="Kaur, Hardeep" uniqKey="Kaur H" first="Hardeep" last="Kaur">Hardeep Kaur</name><name sortKey="Kumar, Subodh" sort="Kumar, Subodh" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="Subodh" last="Kumar">Subodh Kumar</name><name sortKey="Mahendru, Dhruv" sort="Mahendru, Dhruv" uniqKey="Mahendru D" first="Dhruv" last="Mahendru">Dhruv Mahendru</name><name sortKey="Medhi, Bikash" sort="Medhi, Bikash" uniqKey="Medhi B" first="Bikash" last="Medhi">Bikash Medhi</name><name sortKey="Prajapat, Manisha" sort="Prajapat, Manisha" uniqKey="Prajapat M" first="Manisha" last="Prajapat">Manisha Prajapat</name><name sortKey="Prakash, Ajay" sort="Prakash, Ajay" uniqKey="Prakash A" first="Ajay" last="Prakash">Ajay Prakash</name><name sortKey="Sarma, Phulen" sort="Sarma, Phulen" uniqKey="Sarma P" first="Phulen" last="Sarma">Phulen Sarma</name><name sortKey="Sharma, Saurabh" sort="Sharma, Saurabh" uniqKey="Sharma S" first="Saurabh" last="Sharma">Saurabh Sharma</name><name sortKey="Shekhar, Nishant" sort="Shekhar, Nishant" uniqKey="Shekhar N" first="Nishant" last="Shekhar">Nishant Shekhar</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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