Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study.
Identifieur interne : 000179 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000178; suivant : 000180Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study.
Auteurs : Priyamadhaba Behera [Inde] ; Binod Kumar Patro [Inde] ; Arvind Kumar Singh [Inde] ; Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive [Inde] ; Ravikumar S R [Inde] ; Somen Kumar Pradhan [Inde] ; Siva Santosh Kumar Pentapati [Inde] ; Gitanjali Batmanabane [Inde] ; Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra [Inde] ; Biswa Mohan Padhy [Inde] ; Shakti Kumar Bal [Inde] ; Sudipta Ranjan Singh [Inde] ; Rashmi Ranjan Mohanty [Inde]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2021.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Acide ascorbique (administration et posologie), Acide ascorbique (usage thérapeutique), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Association médicamenteuse (MeSH), Chimioprévention (méthodes), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Inde (MeSH), Ivermectine (administration et posologie), Ivermectine (usage thérapeutique), Mâle (MeSH), Personnel de santé (statistiques et données numériques), Études cas-témoins (MeSH).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Acide ascorbique, Ivermectine.
- méthodes : Chimioprévention.
- statistiques et données numériques : Personnel de santé.
- usage thérapeutique : Acide ascorbique, Ivermectine.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Association médicamenteuse, Femelle, Humains, Inde, Mâle, Études cas-témoins.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Inde.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Ascorbic Acid (administration & dosage), Ascorbic Acid (therapeutic use), COVID-19 (epidemiology), COVID-19 (prevention & control), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), Chemoprevention (methods), Drug Combinations (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Health Personnel (statistics & numerical data), Humans (MeSH), India (MeSH), Ivermectin (administration & dosage), Ivermectin (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Ascorbic Acid, Ivermectin.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Ascorbic Acid, Ivermectin.
- geographic : India.
- epidemiology : COVID-19.
- methods : Chemoprevention.
- prevention & control : COVID-19.
- statistics & numerical data : Health Personnel.
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.
METHODS
A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS
Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15-0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18-7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CONCLUSION
Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247163
PubMed: 33592050
PubMed Central: PMC7886121
Affiliations:
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Kumar" uniqKey="Pentapati S" first="Siva Santosh Kumar" last="Pentapati">Siva Santosh Kumar Pentapati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Batmanabane, Gitanjali" sort="Batmanabane, Gitanjali" uniqKey="Batmanabane G" first="Gitanjali" last="Batmanabane">Gitanjali Batmanabane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, 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first="Priyamadhaba" last="Behera">Priyamadhaba Behera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patro, Binod Kumar" sort="Patro, Binod Kumar" uniqKey="Patro B" first="Binod Kumar" last="Patro">Binod Kumar Patro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Arvind Kumar" sort="Singh, Arvind Kumar" uniqKey="Singh A" first="Arvind Kumar" last="Singh">Arvind Kumar Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandanshive, Pradnya Dilip" sort="Chandanshive, Pradnya Dilip" uniqKey="Chandanshive P" first="Pradnya Dilip" last="Chandanshive">Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="S R, Ravikumar" sort="S R, Ravikumar" uniqKey="S R R" first="Ravikumar" last="S R">Ravikumar S R</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradhan, Somen Kumar" sort="Pradhan, Somen Kumar" uniqKey="Pradhan S" first="Somen Kumar" last="Pradhan">Somen Kumar Pradhan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pentapati, Siva Santosh Kumar" sort="Pentapati, Siva Santosh Kumar" uniqKey="Pentapati S" first="Siva Santosh Kumar" last="Pentapati">Siva Santosh Kumar Pentapati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Batmanabane, Gitanjali" sort="Batmanabane, Gitanjali" uniqKey="Batmanabane G" first="Gitanjali" last="Batmanabane">Gitanjali Batmanabane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohapatra, Prasanta Raghab" sort="Mohapatra, Prasanta Raghab" uniqKey="Mohapatra P" first="Prasanta Raghab" last="Mohapatra">Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padhy, Biswa Mohan" sort="Padhy, Biswa Mohan" uniqKey="Padhy B" first="Biswa Mohan" last="Padhy">Biswa Mohan Padhy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bal, Shakti Kumar" sort="Bal, Shakti Kumar" uniqKey="Bal S" first="Shakti Kumar" last="Bal">Shakti Kumar Bal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Sudipta Ranjan" sort="Singh, Sudipta Ranjan" uniqKey="Singh S" first="Sudipta Ranjan" last="Singh">Sudipta Ranjan Singh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohanty, Rashmi Ranjan" sort="Mohanty, Rashmi Ranjan" uniqKey="Mohanty R" first="Rashmi Ranjan" last="Mohanty">Rashmi Ranjan Mohanty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bhubaneswar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid (administration & dosage)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (epidemiology)</term><term>COVID-19 (prevention & control)</term><term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Chemoprevention (methods)</term><term>Drug Combinations (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Health Personnel (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>India (MeSH)</term><term>Ivermectin (administration & dosage)</term><term>Ivermectin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide ascorbique (administration et posologie)</term><term>Acide ascorbique (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Association médicamenteuse (MeSH)</term><term>Chimioprévention (méthodes)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Inde (MeSH)</term><term>Ivermectine (administration et posologie)</term><term>Ivermectine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Personnel de santé (statistiques et données numériques)</term><term>Études cas-témoins (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascorbic Acid</term><term>Ivermectin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascorbic Acid</term><term>Ivermectin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>India</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide ascorbique</term><term>Ivermectine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Chemoprevention</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chimioprévention</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Health Personnel</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Personnel de santé</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide ascorbique</term><term>Ivermectine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Drug Combinations</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Association médicamenteuse</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Inde</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Études cas-témoins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Inde</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15-0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18-7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33592050</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0247163</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0247163</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15-0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18-7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Behera</LastName><ForeName>Priyamadhaba</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Patro</LastName><ForeName>Binod Kumar</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singh</LastName><ForeName>Arvind Kumar</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chandanshive</LastName><ForeName>Pradnya Dilip</ForeName><Initials>PD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>S R</LastName><ForeName>Ravikumar</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0297-0177</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pradhan</LastName><ForeName>Somen Kumar</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pentapati</LastName><ForeName>Siva Santosh Kumar</ForeName><Initials>SSK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Batmanabane</LastName><ForeName>Gitanjali</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7134-8395</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohapatra</LastName><ForeName>Prasanta Raghab</ForeName><Initials>PR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Padhy</LastName><ForeName>Biswa Mohan</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bal</LastName><ForeName>Shakti Kumar</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singh</LastName><ForeName>Sudipta Ranjan</ForeName><Initials>SR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohanty</LastName><ForeName>Rashmi Ranjan</ForeName><Initials>RR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004338">Drug Combinations</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>70288-86-7</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007559">Ivermectin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>PQ6CK8PD0R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D001205">Ascorbic Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001205" MajorTopicYN="N">Ascorbic Acid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016022" MajorTopicYN="N">Case-Control Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018890" MajorTopicYN="N">Chemoprevention</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004338" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Combinations</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006282" MajorTopicYN="N">Health Personnel</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007194" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">India</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007559" MajorTopicYN="N">Ivermectin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>17</Hour><Minute>11</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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IdType="pubmed">32733775</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Inde</li></country></list><tree><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Behera, Priyamadhaba" sort="Behera, Priyamadhaba" uniqKey="Behera P" first="Priyamadhaba" last="Behera">Priyamadhaba Behera</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bal, Shakti Kumar" sort="Bal, Shakti Kumar" uniqKey="Bal S" first="Shakti Kumar" last="Bal">Shakti Kumar Bal</name><name sortKey="Batmanabane, Gitanjali" sort="Batmanabane, Gitanjali" uniqKey="Batmanabane G" first="Gitanjali" last="Batmanabane">Gitanjali Batmanabane</name><name sortKey="Chandanshive, Pradnya Dilip" sort="Chandanshive, Pradnya Dilip" uniqKey="Chandanshive P" first="Pradnya Dilip" last="Chandanshive">Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive</name><name sortKey="Mohanty, Rashmi Ranjan" sort="Mohanty, Rashmi Ranjan" uniqKey="Mohanty R" first="Rashmi Ranjan" last="Mohanty">Rashmi Ranjan Mohanty</name><name sortKey="Mohapatra, 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