COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management.
Identifieur interne : 001870 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 001869; suivant : 001871COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management.
Auteurs : Jhuma Sankar [Inde] ; Nitin Dhochak [Inde] ; S K Kabra [Inde] ; Rakesh Lodha [Inde]Source :
- Indian journal of pediatrics [ 0973-7693 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Betacoronavirus (génétique), Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification), Enfant (MeSH), Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (prévention et contrôle), Infections à coronavirus (thérapie), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Inhibiteurs de protéases (usage thérapeutique), Lopinavir (usage thérapeutique), Lésion pulmonaire aigüe (thérapie), Lésion pulmonaire aigüe (étiologie), Nourrisson (MeSH), Pandémies (prévention et contrôle), Pneumopathie virale (thérapie), Pneumopathie virale (virologie), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), RT-PCR (MeSH), Ritonavir (usage thérapeutique), Soins palliatifs (MeSH), Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (diagnostic), Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (prévention et contrôle), Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (thérapie), Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (épidémiologie), Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH), Épidémies de maladies (prévention et contrôle).
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- génétique : Betacoronavirus.
- isolement et purification : Betacoronavirus.
- prévention et contrôle : Infections à coronavirus, Pandémies, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère, Épidémies de maladies.
- thérapie : Infections à coronavirus, Lésion pulmonaire aigüe, Pneumopathie virale, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux, Hydroxychloroquine, Inhibiteurs de protéases, Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- virologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale, Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère.
- étiologie : Lésion pulmonaire aigüe.
- Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Humains, Nourrisson, RT-PCR, Soins palliatifs, Techniques de laboratoire clinique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acute Lung Injury (etiology), Acute Lung Injury (therapy), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (genetics), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), COVID-19 (MeSH), COVID-19 Testing (MeSH), Child (MeSH), Child, Preschool (MeSH), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Infant (MeSH), Lopinavir (therapeutic use), Palliative Care (MeSH), Pandemics (prevention & control), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Protease Inhibitors (therapeutic use), Respiratory Distress Syndrome (MeSH), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH), Ritonavir (therapeutic use), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (diagnosis), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (prevention & control), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (therapy).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Protease Inhibitors, Ritonavir.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- etiology : Acute Lung Injury.
- genetics : Betacoronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- prevention & control : Coronavirus Infections, Disease Outbreaks, Pandemics, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- therapy : Acute Lung Injury, Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Humans, Infant, Palliative Care, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health crisis threatening humanity at this point in time. Transmission of the infection occurs by inhalation of infected droplets or direct contact with soiled surfaces and fomites. It should be suspected in all symptomatic children who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 d, all hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness, and asymptomatic direct and high-risk contacts of a confirmed case. Clinical symptoms are similar to any acute respiratory viral infection with less pronounced nasal symptoms. Disease seems to be milder in children, but situation appears to be changing. Infants and young children had relatively more severe illness than older children. The case fatality rate is low in children. Diagnosis can be confirmed by Reverse transcriptase - Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimen (commonly nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab). Rapid progress is being made to develop rapid diagnostic tests, which will help ramp up the capacity to test and also reduce the time to getting test results. Management is mainly supportive care. In severe pneumonia and critically ill children, trial of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir should be considered. As per current policy, children with mild disease also need to be hospitalized; if this is not feasible, these children may be managed on ambulatory basis with strict home isolation. Pneumonia, severe disease and critical illness require admission and aggressive management for acute lung injury and shock and/or multiorgan dysfunction, if present. An early intubation is preferred over non-invasive ventilation or heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, as these may generate aerosols increasing the risk of infection in health care personnel. To prevent post discharge dissemination of infection, home isolation for 1-2 wk may be advised. As of now, no vaccine or specific chemotherapeutic agents are approved for children.
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03292-1
PubMed: 32338347
PubMed Central: PMC7183927
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<term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (genetics)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term>
<term>COVID-19 Testing (MeSH)</term>
<term>Child (MeSH)</term>
<term>Child, Preschool (MeSH)</term>
<term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (therapy)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Infant (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lopinavir (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Palliative Care (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandemics (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (therapy)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term>
<term>Protease Inhibitors (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome (MeSH)</term>
<term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH)</term>
<term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (therapy)</term>
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<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH)</term>
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<term>Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (prévention et contrôle)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (thérapie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Inhibiteurs de protéases (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Lopinavir (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Lésion pulmonaire aigüe (thérapie)</term>
<term>Lésion pulmonaire aigüe (étiologie)</term>
<term>Nourrisson (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandémies (prévention et contrôle)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (thérapie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>RT-PCR (MeSH)</term>
<term>Ritonavir (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Soins palliatifs (MeSH)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (prévention et contrôle)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (thérapie)</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Épidémies de maladies (prévention et contrôle)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
<term>Lopinavir</term>
<term>Protease Inhibitors</term>
<term>Ritonavir</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
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<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term>
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<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
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<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
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<term>Pandémies</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term>
<term>Épidémies de maladies</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Acute Lung Injury</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
<term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term>
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<term>Lésion pulmonaire aigüe</term>
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<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
<term>Inhibiteurs de protéases</term>
<term>Lopinavir</term>
<term>Ritonavir</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
<term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term>
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<term>Humans</term>
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<term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome</term>
<term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Nourrisson</term>
<term>RT-PCR</term>
<term>Soins palliatifs</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health crisis threatening humanity at this point in time. Transmission of the infection occurs by inhalation of infected droplets or direct contact with soiled surfaces and fomites. It should be suspected in all symptomatic children who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 d, all hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness, and asymptomatic direct and high-risk contacts of a confirmed case. Clinical symptoms are similar to any acute respiratory viral infection with less pronounced nasal symptoms. Disease seems to be milder in children, but situation appears to be changing. Infants and young children had relatively more severe illness than older children. The case fatality rate is low in children. Diagnosis can be confirmed by Reverse transcriptase - Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimen (commonly nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab). Rapid progress is being made to develop rapid diagnostic tests, which will help ramp up the capacity to test and also reduce the time to getting test results. Management is mainly supportive care. In severe pneumonia and critically ill children, trial of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir should be considered. As per current policy, children with mild disease also need to be hospitalized; if this is not feasible, these children may be managed on ambulatory basis with strict home isolation. Pneumonia, severe disease and critical illness require admission and aggressive management for acute lung injury and shock and/or multiorgan dysfunction, if present. An early intubation is preferred over non-invasive ventilation or heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, as these may generate aerosols increasing the risk of infection in health care personnel. To prevent post discharge dissemination of infection, home isolation for 1-2 wk may be advised. As of now, no vaccine or specific chemotherapeutic agents are approved for children.</div>
</front>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health crisis threatening humanity at this point in time. Transmission of the infection occurs by inhalation of infected droplets or direct contact with soiled surfaces and fomites. It should be suspected in all symptomatic children who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 d, all hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness, and asymptomatic direct and high-risk contacts of a confirmed case. Clinical symptoms are similar to any acute respiratory viral infection with less pronounced nasal symptoms. Disease seems to be milder in children, but situation appears to be changing. Infants and young children had relatively more severe illness than older children. The case fatality rate is low in children. Diagnosis can be confirmed by Reverse transcriptase - Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimen (commonly nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab). Rapid progress is being made to develop rapid diagnostic tests, which will help ramp up the capacity to test and also reduce the time to getting test results. Management is mainly supportive care. In severe pneumonia and critically ill children, trial of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir should be considered. As per current policy, children with mild disease also need to be hospitalized; if this is not feasible, these children may be managed on ambulatory basis with strict home isolation. Pneumonia, severe disease and critical illness require admission and aggressive management for acute lung injury and shock and/or multiorgan dysfunction, if present. An early intubation is preferred over non-invasive ventilation or heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, as these may generate aerosols increasing the risk of infection in health care personnel. To prevent post discharge dissemination of infection, home isolation for 1-2 wk may be advised. As of now, no vaccine or specific chemotherapeutic agents are approved for children.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
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<ForeName>Jhuma</ForeName>
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</AffiliationInfo>
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<ForeName>Nitin</ForeName>
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</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kabra</LastName>
<ForeName>S K</ForeName>
<Initials>SK</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lodha</LastName>
<ForeName>Rakesh</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
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