Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review.
Identifieur interne : 001777 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001776; suivant : 001778Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review.
Auteurs : Jaume Alijotas-Reig ; Enrique Esteve-Valverde ; Cristina Belizna ; Albert Selva-O'Callaghan ; Josep Pardos-Gea ; Angela Quintana ; Arsene Mekinian ; Ariadna Anunciacion-Llunell ; Francesc Mir MurSource :
- Autoimmunity reviews [ 1873-0183 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (therapeutic use), Anticoagulants (therapeutic use), Antimalarials (therapeutic use), Antiviral Agents (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Cytokines (antagonists & inhibitors), Glucocorticoids (therapeutic use), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (therapeutic use), Immunoglobulins, Intravenous (therapeutic use), Immunomodulation (MeSH), Janus Kinases (antagonists & inhibitors), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Risk Factors (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , antagonists & inhibitors : Cytokines, Janus Kinases.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, Antimalarials, Glucocorticoids, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous.
- chemical : Antiviral Agents.
- therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Humans, Immunomodulation, Pandemics, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related to Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. This may be in part due to an uncontrolled immune-response to SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering a systemic hyperinflammatory response, the so-called "cytokine storm". The reduction of this inflammatory immune-response could be considered as a potential therapeutic target against severe COVID-19. The relationship between inflammation and clot activation must also be considered. Furthermore, we must keep in mind that currently, no specific antiviral treatment is available for SARS-CoV-2. While moderate-severe forms need in-hospital surveillance plus antivirals and/or hydroxychloroquine; in severe and life-threating subsets a high intensity anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy could be a therapeutic option. However, right data on the effectiveness of different immunomodulating drugs are scarce. Herein, we discuss the pathogenesis and the possible role played by drugs such as: antimalarials, anti-IL6, anti-IL-1, calcineurin and JAK inhibitors, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, heparins, angiotensin-converting enzyme agonists and statins in severe COVID-19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102569
PubMed: 32376394
PubMed Central: PMC7252146
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32376394Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alijotas Reig, Jaume" sort="Alijotas Reig, Jaume" uniqKey="Alijotas Reig J" first="Jaume" last="Alijotas-Reig">Jaume Alijotas-Reig</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Reseacrh Institute, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jalijotas@vhebron.net.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esteve Valverde, Enrique" sort="Esteve Valverde, Enrique" uniqKey="Esteve Valverde E" first="Enrique" last="Esteve-Valverde">Enrique Esteve-Valverde</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Althaia Network Health, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belizna, Cristina" sort="Belizna, Cristina" uniqKey="Belizna C" first="Cristina" last="Belizna">Cristina Belizna</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France; INSERM U1083, Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selva O Callaghan, Albert" sort="Selva O Callaghan, Albert" uniqKey="Selva O Callaghan A" first="Albert" last="Selva-O'Callaghan">Albert Selva-O'Callaghan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pardos Gea, Josep" sort="Pardos Gea, Josep" uniqKey="Pardos Gea J" first="Josep" last="Pardos-Gea">Josep Pardos-Gea</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quintana, Angela" sort="Quintana, Angela" uniqKey="Quintana A" first="Angela" last="Quintana">Angela Quintana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mekinian, Arsene" sort="Mekinian, Arsene" uniqKey="Mekinian A" first="Arsene" last="Mekinian">Arsene Mekinian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence AO Bradykiniques et compétence Maladies Auto-immunes FAI2R, Hôpital Saint Antoine Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Professeur des Universités-Praticien Hospitalier Sorbonne Université, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anunciacion Llunell, Ariadna" sort="Anunciacion Llunell, Ariadna" uniqKey="Anunciacion Llunell A" first="Ariadna" last="Anunciacion-Llunell">Ariadna Anunciacion-Llunell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mir Mur, Francesc" sort="Mir Mur, Francesc" uniqKey="Mir Mur F" first="Francesc" last="Mir Mur">Francesc Mir Mur</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2020">2020</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:32376394</idno>
<idno type="pmid">32376394</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102569</idno>
<idno type="pmc">PMC7252146</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001777</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001777</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alijotas Reig, Jaume" sort="Alijotas Reig, Jaume" uniqKey="Alijotas Reig J" first="Jaume" last="Alijotas-Reig">Jaume Alijotas-Reig</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Reseacrh Institute, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jalijotas@vhebron.net.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esteve Valverde, Enrique" sort="Esteve Valverde, Enrique" uniqKey="Esteve Valverde E" first="Enrique" last="Esteve-Valverde">Enrique Esteve-Valverde</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Althaia Network Health, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belizna, Cristina" sort="Belizna, Cristina" uniqKey="Belizna C" first="Cristina" last="Belizna">Cristina Belizna</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France; INSERM U1083, Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selva O Callaghan, Albert" sort="Selva O Callaghan, Albert" uniqKey="Selva O Callaghan A" first="Albert" last="Selva-O'Callaghan">Albert Selva-O'Callaghan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pardos Gea, Josep" sort="Pardos Gea, Josep" uniqKey="Pardos Gea J" first="Josep" last="Pardos-Gea">Josep Pardos-Gea</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quintana, Angela" sort="Quintana, Angela" uniqKey="Quintana A" first="Angela" last="Quintana">Angela Quintana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mekinian, Arsene" sort="Mekinian, Arsene" uniqKey="Mekinian A" first="Arsene" last="Mekinian">Arsene Mekinian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence AO Bradykiniques et compétence Maladies Auto-immunes FAI2R, Hôpital Saint Antoine Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Professeur des Universités-Praticien Hospitalier Sorbonne Université, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anunciacion Llunell, Ariadna" sort="Anunciacion Llunell, Ariadna" uniqKey="Anunciacion Llunell A" first="Ariadna" last="Anunciacion-Llunell">Ariadna Anunciacion-Llunell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mir Mur, Francesc" sort="Mir Mur, Francesc" uniqKey="Mir Mur F" first="Francesc" last="Mir Mur">Francesc Mir Mur</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Autoimmunity reviews</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1873-0183</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Anticoagulants (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Antimalarials (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Antiviral Agents (MeSH)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (therapy)</term>
<term>Cytokines (antagonists & inhibitors)</term>
<term>Glucocorticoids (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Immunoglobulins, Intravenous (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Immunomodulation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Janus Kinases (antagonists & inhibitors)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (therapy)</term>
<term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="antagonists & inhibitors" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytokines</term>
<term>Janus Kinases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors</term>
<term>Anticoagulants</term>
<term>Antimalarials</term>
<term>Glucocorticoids</term>
<term>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors</term>
<term>Immunoglobulins, Intravenous</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Immunomodulation</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Risk Factors</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related to Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. This may be in part due to an uncontrolled immune-response to SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering a systemic hyperinflammatory response, the so-called "cytokine storm". The reduction of this inflammatory immune-response could be considered as a potential therapeutic target against severe COVID-19. The relationship between inflammation and clot activation must also be considered. Furthermore, we must keep in mind that currently, no specific antiviral treatment is available for SARS-CoV-2. While moderate-severe forms need in-hospital surveillance plus antivirals and/or hydroxychloroquine; in severe and life-threating subsets a high intensity anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy could be a therapeutic option. However, right data on the effectiveness of different immunomodulating drugs are scarce. Herein, we discuss the pathogenesis and the possible role played by drugs such as: antimalarials, anti-IL6, anti-IL-1, calcineurin and JAK inhibitors, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, heparins, angiotensin-converting enzyme agonists and statins in severe COVID-19.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32376394</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-0183</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>19</Volume>
<Issue>7</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Jul</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Autoimmunity reviews</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Autoimmun Rev</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>102569</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1568-9972(20)30131-2</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102569</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related to Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. This may be in part due to an uncontrolled immune-response to SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering a systemic hyperinflammatory response, the so-called "cytokine storm". The reduction of this inflammatory immune-response could be considered as a potential therapeutic target against severe COVID-19. The relationship between inflammation and clot activation must also be considered. Furthermore, we must keep in mind that currently, no specific antiviral treatment is available for SARS-CoV-2. While moderate-severe forms need in-hospital surveillance plus antivirals and/or hydroxychloroquine; in severe and life-threating subsets a high intensity anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy could be a therapeutic option. However, right data on the effectiveness of different immunomodulating drugs are scarce. Herein, we discuss the pathogenesis and the possible role played by drugs such as: antimalarials, anti-IL6, anti-IL-1, calcineurin and JAK inhibitors, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, heparins, angiotensin-converting enzyme agonists and statins in severe COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alijotas-Reig</LastName>
<ForeName>Jaume</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Reseacrh Institute, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jalijotas@vhebron.net.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esteve-Valverde</LastName>
<ForeName>Enrique</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Althaia Network Health, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belizna</LastName>
<ForeName>Cristina</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France; UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France; INSERM U1083, Angers, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Selva-O'Callaghan</LastName>
<ForeName>Albert</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pardos-Gea</LastName>
<ForeName>Josep</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine-1, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quintana</LastName>
<ForeName>Angela</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mekinian</LastName>
<ForeName>Arsene</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence AO Bradykiniques et compétence Maladies Auto-immunes FAI2R, Hôpital Saint Antoine Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Professeur des Universités-Praticien Hospitalier Sorbonne Université, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anunciacion-Llunell</LastName>
<ForeName>Ariadna</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miró-Mur</LastName>
<ForeName>Francesc</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Systemic Autoimmune Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country>
<MedlineTA>Autoimmun Rev</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101128967</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1568-9972</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000806">Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000925">Anticoagulants</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000962">Antimalarials</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D016207">Cytokines</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D005938">Glucocorticoids</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D019161">Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D016756">Immunoglobulins, Intravenous</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.10.2</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D053612">Janus Kinases</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000806" MajorTopicYN="N">Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000925" MajorTopicYN="N">Anticoagulants</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000962" MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarials</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016207" MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokines</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="N">antagonists & inhibitors</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005938" MajorTopicYN="N">Glucocorticoids</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019161" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016756" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunoglobulins, Intravenous</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056747" MajorTopicYN="Y">Immunomodulation</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053612" MajorTopicYN="N">Janus Kinases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="N">antagonists & inhibitors</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Acute respiratory distress syndrome</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cytokine storm</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Immunosuppressive</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
<CoiStatement>Declaration of Competing Interest The author also state that they do not have any commercial or any other type of interest that may have influenced the drawing up and the results of this paper.</CoiStatement>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>8</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>8</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32376394</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">S1568-9972(20)30131-2</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102569</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7252146</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
<ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Immunol Res. 2014 Dec;60(2-3):177-83</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25388964</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur J Rheumatol. 2019 Dec 03;:1-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31804174</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int Immunol. 2017 Dec 30;29(11):491-498</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28666326</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 May 19;117(20):10970-10975</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32350134</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Ann Vasc Surg. 2007 Jan;21(1):50-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17349336</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Pathol. 2018 Jan 24;13:27-49</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28934563</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):514-523</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31986261</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Med. 2004 Nov;10(11):1222-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15489858</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Feb 27;:101606</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32114074</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 7;355(10):1018-28</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16908486</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 10;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32275812</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 15;211(4):661-2</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25160984</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32085846</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Intensive Care Med. 2020 May;46(5):854-887</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32222812</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Thromb Res. 2003 Jan 1;109(1):1-11</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12679126</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan;29(1):42-54</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29162310</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Postgrad Med J. 2005 Jun;81(956):e3</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15937197</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Life Sci. 2006 Apr 4;78(19):2166-71</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16303146</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lupus. 2012 Jun;21(7):784-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22635233</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Immunol. 2010 Nov 1;185(9):5628-36</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20870944</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Discov. 2020 Feb 24;6:11</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32133153</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 1986 Jul 26;2(8500):217-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2873457</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):683-684</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32122468</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Ann Hematol. 2019 Jan;98(1):67-72</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30255313</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pathobiology. 1996;64(5):255-61</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9068008</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Hematol. 2011 Sep;18(5):361-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21730831</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005 Sep;24(9):583-91</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16172857</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32171076</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 May 21;64(6):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32205349</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):e30-e31</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32032529</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2003 Nov 27;426(6965):450-4</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14647384</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur Heart J. 2020 May 14;41(19):1858</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32227120</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Immunol. 1988 Mar 1;140(5):1660-4</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3126233</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Infect Dis. 2015 Jan 1;211(1):80-90</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25030060</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar;22(2):72-73</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32092539</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Nucl Med. 2020 May;61(5):630-631</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32238427</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lupus. 2006;15(5):268-75</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16761500</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Mar 20;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32196083</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Jun 15;179(12):1107-14</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19324974</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;57(23):3473-3478</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29984753</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Mar 20;:105949</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32205204</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Chest. 2013 Aug;144(2):464-473</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23450336</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003 Mar-Apr;21(2):241-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12747285</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Front Oncol. 2019 Nov 07;9:1186</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31788449</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2013 Sep 14;382(9896):984-94</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23642914</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015;2015:183-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26637719</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 20;353(16):1711-23</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16236742</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 21;7(3):ofaa102</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32258207</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):687-690</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32208840</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Ann Intern Med. 2020 May 5;172(9):629-632</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32163542</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jan 18;102(3):797-801</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15642942</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Drugs. 2017 Nov;77(17):1865-1879</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29094311</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Hypertens. 2012;2012:307315</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22121476</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Mar 27;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32219428</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019 Feb 14;17(1):7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30764840</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2005 Jul 7;436(7047):112-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16001071</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Semin Immunopathol. 2017 Jul;39(5):529-539</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28466096</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>mBio. 2020 Mar 20;11(2):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32198163</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cytokine. 2015 Oct;75(2):216-21</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25541434</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jul 23;7:CD004477</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31334568</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Jan;2(1):37-45</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11905836</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Thromb Res. 2010 May;125(5):e240-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20035973</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Sep;22(9):1554-61</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27532807</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lupus. 2013 Nov;22(13):1327-35</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24036580</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31986264</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Crit Care Med. 2016 Feb;44(2):275-81</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26584195</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2020 May;32(3):201-207</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32168069</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Crit Care. 2020 Mar 16;24(1):91</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32178711</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Jun;19(6):102537</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32251717</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Jun;19(6):102536</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32251718</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Apr;55(4):105932</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32145363</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Clin Sci (Lond). 2015 Jul;129(2):93-105</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25927679</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):473-475</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32043983</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Mar 14;5(1):18</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30872586</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Infect Dis Rep. 2020 Mar 16;12(1):8543</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32218915</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>BMJ. 2018 Aug 10;362:k3284</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30097460</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Mar 14;41(3):185-191</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32133825</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur J Immunol. 2010 Jul;40(7):1830-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20583029</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lupus. 2006;15(3):183-90</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16634374</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 01;10:119</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30774631</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Thromb Haemost. 2020 May;18(5):1094-1099</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32220112</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Shock. 2009 May;31(5):500-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18827741</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;16(2):61-3</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20216125</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Crit Care. 2020 Jun;57:279-283</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32173110</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33238-43</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10924499</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002331</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22046132</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1033-1034</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32192578</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 23;382(17):e38</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32268022</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;10(10):1109-1118</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28691537</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-513</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32007143</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Jun;19(6):102538</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32268212</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Med Virol. 2020 Feb 28;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32108352</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2003 May 24;361(9371):1773-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12781536</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Science. 2012 Feb 24;335(6071):936-41</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22363001</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Neurocrit Care. 2015 Oct;23(2):259-61</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25678454</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11(9):1043-53</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26082353</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2018 Jan;73(1):40-55</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29368790</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Apr 4;395(10230):1111</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32220278</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2003 Apr 19;361(9366):1319-25</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12711465</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Apr 21;64(5):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32152082</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 1994 Nov 24;372(6504):363-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7969495</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020 Mar 14;34(2):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32171193</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidChloroV1/Data/Main/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001777 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001777 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= CovidChloroV1 |flux= Main |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= pubmed:32376394 |texte= Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review. }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32376394" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidChloroV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. | ![]() |