Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.
Identifieur interne : 001753 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001752; suivant : 001754Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.
Auteurs : Matthieu Million ; Jean-Christophe Lagier ; Philippe Gautret ; Philippe Colson ; Pierre-Edouard Fournier ; Sophie Amrane ; Marie Hocquart ; Morgane Mailhe ; Vera Esteves-Vieira ; Barbara Doudier ; Camille Aubry ; Florian Correard ; Audrey Giraud-Gatineau ; Yanis Roussel ; Cyril Berenger ; Nadim Cassir ; Piseth Seng ; Christine Zandotti ; Catherine Dhiver ; Isabelle Ravaux ; Christelle Tomei ; Carole Eldin ; Hervé Tissot-Dupont ; Stéphane Honoré ; Andreas Stein ; Alexis Jacquier ; Jean-Claude Deharo ; Eric Chabrière ; Anthony Levasseur ; Florence Fenollar ; Jean-Marc Rolain ; Yolande Obadia ; Philippe Brouqui ; Michel Drancourt ; Bernard La Scola ; Philippe Parola ; Didier RaoultSource :
- Travel medicine and infectious disease [ 1873-0442 ]
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage), Antiviral Agents (adverse effects), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Azithromycin (administration & dosage), Azithromycin (adverse effects), Azithromycin (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (genetics), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Follow-Up Studies (MeSH), France (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage), Hydroxychloroquine (adverse effects), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Time Factors (MeSH), Treatment Outcome (MeSH), Viral Load (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- chemical , adverse effects : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- geographic : France.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- genetics : Betacoronavirus.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.
METHODS
We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).
RESULTS
A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).
CONCLUSION
Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738
PubMed: 32387409
PubMed Central: PMC7199729
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32387409Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.</title><author><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amrane, Sophie" sort="Amrane, Sophie" uniqKey="Amrane S" first="Sophie" last="Amrane">Sophie Amrane</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hocquart, Marie" sort="Hocquart, Marie" uniqKey="Hocquart M" first="Marie" last="Hocquart">Marie Hocquart</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mailhe, Morgane" sort="Mailhe, Morgane" uniqKey="Mailhe M" first="Morgane" last="Mailhe">Morgane Mailhe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteves Vieira, Vera" sort="Esteves Vieira, Vera" uniqKey="Esteves Vieira V" first="Vera" last="Esteves-Vieira">Vera Esteves-Vieira</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doudier, Barbara" sort="Doudier, Barbara" uniqKey="Doudier B" first="Barbara" last="Doudier">Barbara Doudier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aubry, Camille" sort="Aubry, Camille" uniqKey="Aubry C" first="Camille" last="Aubry">Camille Aubry</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Correard, Florian" sort="Correard, Florian" uniqKey="Correard F" first="Florian" last="Correard">Florian Correard</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Yanis" sort="Roussel, Yanis" uniqKey="Roussel Y" first="Yanis" last="Roussel">Yanis Roussel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berenger, Cyril" sort="Berenger, Cyril" uniqKey="Berenger C" first="Cyril" last="Berenger">Cyril Berenger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassir, Nadim" sort="Cassir, Nadim" uniqKey="Cassir N" first="Nadim" last="Cassir">Nadim Cassir</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Piseth" sort="Seng, Piseth" uniqKey="Seng P" first="Piseth" last="Seng">Piseth Seng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zandotti, Christine" sort="Zandotti, Christine" uniqKey="Zandotti C" first="Christine" last="Zandotti">Christine Zandotti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhiver, Catherine" sort="Dhiver, Catherine" uniqKey="Dhiver C" first="Catherine" last="Dhiver">Catherine Dhiver</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravaux, Isabelle" sort="Ravaux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Ravaux I" first="Isabelle" last="Ravaux">Isabelle Ravaux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomei, Christelle" sort="Tomei, Christelle" uniqKey="Tomei C" first="Christelle" last="Tomei">Christelle Tomei</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eldin, Carole" sort="Eldin, Carole" uniqKey="Eldin C" first="Carole" last="Eldin">Carole Eldin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Anthony" sort="Levasseur, Anthony" uniqKey="Levasseur A" first="Anthony" last="Levasseur">Anthony Levasseur</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020 May - Jun</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32387409</idno><idno type="pmid">32387409</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7199729</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001753</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001753</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.</title><author><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amrane, Sophie" sort="Amrane, Sophie" uniqKey="Amrane S" first="Sophie" last="Amrane">Sophie Amrane</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hocquart, Marie" sort="Hocquart, Marie" uniqKey="Hocquart M" first="Marie" last="Hocquart">Marie Hocquart</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mailhe, Morgane" sort="Mailhe, Morgane" uniqKey="Mailhe M" first="Morgane" last="Mailhe">Morgane Mailhe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteves Vieira, Vera" sort="Esteves Vieira, Vera" uniqKey="Esteves Vieira V" first="Vera" last="Esteves-Vieira">Vera Esteves-Vieira</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doudier, Barbara" sort="Doudier, Barbara" uniqKey="Doudier B" first="Barbara" last="Doudier">Barbara Doudier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aubry, Camille" sort="Aubry, Camille" uniqKey="Aubry C" first="Camille" last="Aubry">Camille Aubry</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Correard, Florian" sort="Correard, Florian" uniqKey="Correard F" first="Florian" last="Correard">Florian Correard</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Yanis" sort="Roussel, Yanis" uniqKey="Roussel Y" first="Yanis" last="Roussel">Yanis Roussel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berenger, Cyril" sort="Berenger, Cyril" uniqKey="Berenger C" first="Cyril" last="Berenger">Cyril Berenger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassir, Nadim" sort="Cassir, Nadim" uniqKey="Cassir N" first="Nadim" last="Cassir">Nadim Cassir</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Piseth" sort="Seng, Piseth" uniqKey="Seng P" first="Piseth" last="Seng">Piseth Seng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zandotti, Christine" sort="Zandotti, Christine" uniqKey="Zandotti C" first="Christine" last="Zandotti">Christine Zandotti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhiver, Catherine" sort="Dhiver, Catherine" uniqKey="Dhiver C" first="Catherine" last="Dhiver">Catherine Dhiver</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravaux, Isabelle" sort="Ravaux, Isabelle" uniqKey="Ravaux I" first="Isabelle" last="Ravaux">Isabelle Ravaux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomei, Christelle" sort="Tomei, Christelle" uniqKey="Tomei C" first="Christelle" last="Tomei">Christelle Tomei</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eldin, Carole" sort="Eldin, Carole" uniqKey="Eldin C" first="Carole" last="Eldin">Carole Eldin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Anthony" sort="Levasseur, Anthony" uniqKey="Levasseur A" first="Anthony" last="Levasseur">Anthony Levasseur</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Travel medicine and infectious disease</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-0442</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Azithromycin (administration & dosage)</term><term>Azithromycin (adverse effects)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (genetics)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term><term>France (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (adverse effects)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term><term>Viral Load (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>France</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Viral Load</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32387409</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-0442</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>35</Volume><PubDate><MedlineDate>2020 May - Jun</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Travel medicine and infectious disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Travel Med Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>101738</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1477-8939(20)30217-9</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200 mg three times daily for ten days) + AZ (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p < .001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p < .05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Million</LastName><ForeName>Matthieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lagier</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Christophe</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gautret</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Colson</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fournier</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Edouard</ForeName><Initials>PE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amrane</LastName><ForeName>Sophie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hocquart</LastName><ForeName>Marie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mailhe</LastName><ForeName>Morgane</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esteves-Vieira</LastName><ForeName>Vera</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Doudier</LastName><ForeName>Barbara</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aubry</LastName><ForeName>Camille</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Correard</LastName><ForeName>Florian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giraud-Gatineau</LastName><ForeName>Audrey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roussel</LastName><ForeName>Yanis</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berenger</LastName><ForeName>Cyril</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cassir</LastName><ForeName>Nadim</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seng</LastName><ForeName>Piseth</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zandotti</LastName><ForeName>Christine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dhiver</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ravaux</LastName><ForeName>Isabelle</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tomei</LastName><ForeName>Christelle</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eldin</LastName><ForeName>Carole</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tissot-Dupont</LastName><ForeName>Hervé</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Honoré</LastName><ForeName>Stéphane</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ., Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, hôpital Timone, service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stein</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jacquier</LastName><ForeName>Alexis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deharo</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Claude</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille Univ., hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chabrière</LastName><ForeName>Eric</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levasseur</LastName><ForeName>Anthony</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenollar</LastName><ForeName>Florence</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rolain</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Marc</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obadia</LastName><ForeName>Yolande</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouqui</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drancourt</LastName><ForeName>Michel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>La Scola</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parola</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raoult</LastName><ForeName>Didier</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Travel Med Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101230758</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1477-8939</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Intern Emerg Med. 2020 Aug;15(5):841-843</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32474851</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May - Jun;35:101764</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32485391</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul - Aug;36:101788</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32540396</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul - Aug;36:101819</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32629139</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Sep - Oct;37:101861</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32889105</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Nov - Dec;38:101881</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32956851</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Nov - Dec;38:101886</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32980540</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017963" MajorTopicYN="N">Azithromycin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004359" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Therapy, Combination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005602" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">France</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016133" MajorTopicYN="N">Polymerase Chain Reaction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019562" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Load</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Azithromycin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests. Funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Our group used widely available generic drugs distributed by many pharmaceutical companies (Supplementary data).</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32387409</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1477-8939(20)30217-9</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101738</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7199729</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Dec 13;113(50):14408-14413</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27911847</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Drug Discov Ther. 2020;14(1):58-60</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32147628</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 May 25;49(2):215-219</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32391667</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Jan;69(1):219-27</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23946319</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32171076</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>ACS Infect Dis. 2015 Jul 10;1(7):317-26</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27622822</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar - Apr;34:101663</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32289548</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Mar 20;:105949</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32205204</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 09;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32150618</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Microb Pathog. 2020 Aug;145:104228</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32344177</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Intensive Care Med. 2020 Feb;46(2):357-360</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32025779</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2017 Aug 15;1060:166-172</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28622620</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;39(6):1059-1061</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32342252</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 20;:101632</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32205269</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Cell Discov. 2020 Mar 18;6:16</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32194981</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Bioinformatics. 2018 Dec 1;34(23):4121-4123</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29790939</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Feb 24;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32091533</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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