Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies.
Identifieur interne : 001529 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001528; suivant : 001530Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies.
Auteurs : S Nia Romano ; Heloísa Galante ; Débora Figueira ; Zilda Mendes ; Ant Nio Teixeira RodriguesSource :
- Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP [ 1934-8150 ] ; 2021.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- COVID-19 (MeSH), Commerce (trends), Community Pharmacy Services (economics), Community Pharmacy Services (statistics & numerical data), Disease Outbreaks (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Pharmaceutical Preparations (economics), Pharmaceutical Preparations (supply & distribution), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Time Factors (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , economics : Pharmaceutical Preparations.
- economics : Community Pharmacy Services.
- statistics & numerical data : Community Pharmacy Services.
- chemical , supply & distribution : Pharmaceutical Preparations.
- trends : Commerce.
- COVID-19, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern. Disruptions in the drug market are expected and shortages might worsen. Community pharmacies can contribute to early identification and report of medicines' supply and demand issues.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on outpatient medicines' sales and shortages.
METHODS
A retrospective, time-trend analysis of medicine sales, shortages and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and its homologous period (regarding sales only). A detailed analysis of 6 pharmaceutical substances was performed. All data were subjected to rescaling using the min-max normalization method, in order to become comparable. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel.
RESULTS
The pandemic resulted in an increase in medicines' demand and reported shortages during the early stage of the outbreak. The maximum proportion of medicine sales was registered on March 13th, 2020, 4 days after the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. By the end of March, sales have already dropped to proportions similar to those of 2019. The maximum proportion of drug shortages was reached about one week after the sales peak and by the end of the study period were below those recorded in the pre-COVID-19 period. The analyzed drugs were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dapagliflozin plus metformin, rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, formoterol, and hydroxychloroquine, as these pharmaceutical substances registered the highest growth rate in sales and shortages when compared to the same period in the previous year. Hydroxychloroquine showed the most different pattern trends on sales and shortages of these medicines.
CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacies can provide timely and real-world data regarding sales and shortages. The adopted measures to guarantee the continuous supply of the medicine market seem to have worked. The long-term impacts of this pandemic are unknown and should continue to be closely monitored.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.024
PubMed: 32482587
PubMed Central: PMC7245321
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32482587Le document en format XML
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Electronic address: heloisa.galante@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Figueira, Debora" sort="Figueira, Debora" uniqKey="Figueira D" first="Débora" last="Figueira">Débora Figueira</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: debora.figueira@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendes, Zilda" sort="Mendes, Zilda" uniqKey="Mendes Z" first="Zilda" last="Mendes">Zilda Mendes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: zilda.mendes@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Ant Nio Teixeira" sort="Rodrigues, Ant Nio Teixeira" uniqKey="Rodrigues A" first="Ant Nio Teixeira" last="Rodrigues">Ant Nio Teixeira Rodrigues</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. 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Electronic address: sonia.romano@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galante, Heloisa" sort="Galante, Heloisa" uniqKey="Galante H" first="Heloísa" last="Galante">Heloísa Galante</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: heloisa.galante@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Figueira, Debora" sort="Figueira, Debora" uniqKey="Figueira D" first="Débora" last="Figueira">Débora Figueira</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: debora.figueira@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendes, Zilda" sort="Mendes, Zilda" uniqKey="Mendes Z" first="Zilda" last="Mendes">Zilda Mendes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: zilda.mendes@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Ant Nio Teixeira" sort="Rodrigues, Ant Nio Teixeira" uniqKey="Rodrigues A" first="Ant Nio Teixeira" last="Rodrigues">Ant Nio Teixeira Rodrigues</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: antoniot.rodrigues@anf.pt.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP</title><idno type="eISSN">1934-8150</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Commerce (trends)</term><term>Community Pharmacy Services (economics)</term><term>Community Pharmacy Services (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Pharmaceutical Preparations (economics)</term><term>Pharmaceutical Preparations (supply & distribution)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Pharmaceutical Preparations</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Community Pharmacy Services</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Community Pharmacy Services</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="supply & distribution" xml:lang="en"><term>Pharmaceutical Preparations</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="trends" xml:lang="en"><term>Commerce</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Humans</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern. Disruptions in the drug market are expected and shortages might worsen. Community pharmacies can contribute to early identification and report of medicines' supply and demand issues.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on outpatient medicines' sales and shortages.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>A retrospective, time-trend analysis of medicine sales, shortages and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and its homologous period (regarding sales only). A detailed analysis of 6 pharmaceutical substances was performed. All data were subjected to rescaling using the min-max normalization method, in order to become comparable. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The pandemic resulted in an increase in medicines' demand and reported shortages during the early stage of the outbreak. The maximum proportion of medicine sales was registered on March 13th, 2020, 4 days after the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. By the end of March, sales have already dropped to proportions similar to those of 2019. The maximum proportion of drug shortages was reached about one week after the sales peak and by the end of the study period were below those recorded in the pre-COVID-19 period. The analyzed drugs were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dapagliflozin plus metformin, rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, formoterol, and hydroxychloroquine, as these pharmaceutical substances registered the highest growth rate in sales and shortages when compared to the same period in the previous year. Hydroxychloroquine showed the most different pattern trends on sales and shortages of these medicines.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Pharmacies can provide timely and real-world data regarding sales and shortages. The adopted measures to guarantee the continuous supply of the medicine market seem to have worked. The long-term impacts of this pandemic are unknown and should continue to be closely monitored.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32482587</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1934-8150</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Res Social Adm Pharm</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1876-1881</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1551-7411(20)30611-2</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.024</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern. Disruptions in the drug market are expected and shortages might worsen. Community pharmacies can contribute to early identification and report of medicines' supply and demand issues.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on outpatient medicines' sales and shortages.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">A retrospective, time-trend analysis of medicine sales, shortages and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and its homologous period (regarding sales only). A detailed analysis of 6 pharmaceutical substances was performed. All data were subjected to rescaling using the min-max normalization method, in order to become comparable. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">The pandemic resulted in an increase in medicines' demand and reported shortages during the early stage of the outbreak. The maximum proportion of medicine sales was registered on March 13th, 2020, 4 days after the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. By the end of March, sales have already dropped to proportions similar to those of 2019. The maximum proportion of drug shortages was reached about one week after the sales peak and by the end of the study period were below those recorded in the pre-COVID-19 period. The analyzed drugs were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dapagliflozin plus metformin, rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, formoterol, and hydroxychloroquine, as these pharmaceutical substances registered the highest growth rate in sales and shortages when compared to the same period in the previous year. Hydroxychloroquine showed the most different pattern trends on sales and shortages of these medicines.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Pharmacies can provide timely and real-world data regarding sales and shortages. The adopted measures to guarantee the continuous supply of the medicine market seem to have worked. The long-term impacts of this pandemic are unknown and should continue to be closely monitored.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Romano</LastName><ForeName>Sónia</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: sonia.romano@anf.pt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Galante</LastName><ForeName>Heloísa</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: heloisa.galante@anf.pt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Figueira</LastName><ForeName>Débora</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: debora.figueira@anf.pt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mendes</LastName><ForeName>Zilda</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: zilda.mendes@anf.pt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodrigues</LastName><ForeName>António Teixeira</ForeName><Initials>AT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Health Evaluation & Research/Infosaúde, National Association of Pharmacies (CEFAR/IS-ANF), Rua Marechal Saldanha 1, 1249-069, Lisbon, Portugal. 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