Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology.
Identifieur interne : 001415 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001414; suivant : 001416Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology.
Auteurs : Arianna Pani ; Marinella Lauriola ; Alessandra Romandini ; Francesco ScaglioneSource :
- International journal of antimicrobial agents [ 1872-7913 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage), Antiviral Agents (adverse effects), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Azithromycin (administration & dosage), Azithromycin (adverse effects), Azithromycin (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (pathology), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage), Hydroxychloroquine (adverse effects), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Immunologic Factors (administration & dosage), Immunologic Factors (adverse effects), Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use), Long QT Syndrome (chemically induced), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (pathology), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, Immunologic Factors.
- chemical , adverse effects : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, Immunologic Factors.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, Immunologic Factors.
- chemically induced : Long QT Syndrome.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- pathology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- COVID-19, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
The emergence of the new COVID-19 virus is proving to be a challenge in seeking effective therapies. Since the most severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 appears to be a severe acute respiratory syndrome, azithromycin has been proposed as a potential treatment. Azithromycin is known to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties. In vitro studies have demonstrated the capacity of azithromycin in reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF alpha, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate T-helper functions. At the same time there are multiple clinical evidences of the role of azithromycin in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS). Some preliminary evidence has demonstrated controversial results regarding efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. First, a French trial demonstrated 100% virological negativizing of six patients treated with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine vs. 57.1% of patients treated with only hydroxychloroquine and 12.5% of the control group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, another case series revealed no efficacy at all on 11 patients treated with the same combination and doses. Furthermore, there are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of potential QT prolongation. In fact, both drugs have this as a potential side effect and evidence regarding the safe use of this combination is controversial. Despite the necessity to quickly find solutions for COVID-19, extreme caution must be used in evaluating the risk-benefit balance. However, based on preclinical and clinical evidence and some preliminary results in COVID-19, azithromycin could have potential in the fight against this new disease.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106053
PubMed: 32534189
PubMed Central: PMC7286256
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32534189Le document en format XML
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Electronic address: francesco.scaglione@unimi.it.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of antimicrobial agents</title><idno type="eISSN">1872-7913</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Azithromycin (administration & dosage)</term><term>Azithromycin (adverse effects)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (pathology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (adverse effects)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Immunologic Factors (administration & dosage)</term><term>Immunologic Factors (adverse effects)</term><term>Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use)</term><term>Long QT Syndrome (chemically induced)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (pathology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Immunologic Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Immunologic Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Immunologic Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemically induced" xml:lang="en"><term>Long QT Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The emergence of the new COVID-19 virus is proving to be a challenge in seeking effective therapies. Since the most severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 appears to be a severe acute respiratory syndrome, azithromycin has been proposed as a potential treatment. Azithromycin is known to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties. In vitro studies have demonstrated the capacity of azithromycin in reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF alpha, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate T-helper functions. At the same time there are multiple clinical evidences of the role of azithromycin in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS). Some preliminary evidence has demonstrated controversial results regarding efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. First, a French trial demonstrated 100% virological negativizing of six patients treated with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine vs. 57.1% of patients treated with only hydroxychloroquine and 12.5% of the control group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, another case series revealed no efficacy at all on 11 patients treated with the same combination and doses. Furthermore, there are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of potential QT prolongation. In fact, both drugs have this as a potential side effect and evidence regarding the safe use of this combination is controversial. Despite the necessity to quickly find solutions for COVID-19, extreme caution must be used in evaluating the risk-benefit balance. However, based on preclinical and clinical evidence and some preliminary results in COVID-19, azithromycin could have potential in the fight against this new disease.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32534189</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>12</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1872-7913</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>56</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of antimicrobial agents</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Antimicrob Agents</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>106053</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0924-8579(20)30223-5</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106053</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The emergence of the new COVID-19 virus is proving to be a challenge in seeking effective therapies. Since the most severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 appears to be a severe acute respiratory syndrome, azithromycin has been proposed as a potential treatment. Azithromycin is known to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties. In vitro studies have demonstrated the capacity of azithromycin in reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF alpha, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate T-helper functions. At the same time there are multiple clinical evidences of the role of azithromycin in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS). Some preliminary evidence has demonstrated controversial results regarding efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. First, a French trial demonstrated 100% virological negativizing of six patients treated with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine vs. 57.1% of patients treated with only hydroxychloroquine and 12.5% of the control group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, another case series revealed no efficacy at all on 11 patients treated with the same combination and doses. Furthermore, there are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of potential QT prolongation. In fact, both drugs have this as a potential side effect and evidence regarding the safe use of this combination is controversial. Despite the necessity to quickly find solutions for COVID-19, extreme caution must be used in evaluating the risk-benefit balance. However, based on preclinical and clinical evidence and some preliminary results in COVID-19, azithromycin could have potential in the fight against this new disease.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pani</LastName><ForeName>Arianna</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lauriola</LastName><ForeName>Marinella</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectiouos Disease Department, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Romandini</LastName><ForeName>Alessandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scaglione</LastName><ForeName>Francesco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. 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MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="Y">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004359" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Therapy, Combination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" 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