Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis.
Identifieur interne : 001288 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001287; suivant : 001289Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis.
Auteurs : Jean-Christophe Lagier ; Matthieu Million ; Philippe Gautret ; Philippe Colson ; Sébastien Cortaredona ; Audrey Giraud-Gatineau ; Stéphane Honoré ; Jean-Yves Gaubert ; Pierre-Edouard Fournier ; Hervé Tissot-Dupont ; Eric Chabrière ; Andreas Stein ; Jean-Claude Deharo ; Florence Fenollar ; Jean-Marc Rolain ; Yolande Obadia ; Alexis Jacquier ; Bernard La Scola ; Philippe Brouqui ; Michel Drancourt ; Philippe Parola ; Didier RaoultSource :
- Travel medicine and infectious disease [ 1873-0442 ]
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Azithromycin (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Female (MeSH), France (epidemiology), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- geographic , epidemiology : France.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In our institute in Marseille, France, we initiated early and massive screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization and early treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) was proposed for the positive cases.
METHODS
We retrospectively report the clinical management of 3,737 screened patients, including 3,119 (83.5%) treated with HCQ-AZ (200 mg of oral HCQ, three times daily for ten days and 500 mg of oral AZ on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days, respectively) for at least three days and 618 (16.5%) patients treated with other regimen ("others"). Outcomes were death, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), ≥10 days of hospitalization and viral shedding.
RESULTS
The patients' mean age was 45 (sd 17) years, 45% were male, and the case fatality rate was 0.9%. We performed 2,065 low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans highlighting lung lesions in 592 of the 991 (59.7%) patients with minimal clinical symptoms (NEWS score = 0). A discrepancy between spontaneous dyspnoea, hypoxemia and lung lesions was observed. Clinical factors (age, comorbidities, NEWS-2 score), biological factors (lymphocytopenia; eosinopenia; decrease in blood zinc; and increase in D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, troponin and C-reactive protein) and moderate and severe lesions detected in low-dose CT scans were associated with poor clinical outcome. Treatment with HCQ-AZ was associated with a decreased risk of transfer to ICU or death (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.18 0.11-0.27), decreased risk of hospitalization ≥10 days (odds ratios 95% CI 0.38 0.27-0.54) and shorter duration of viral shedding (time to negative PCR: HR 1.29 1.17-1.42). QTc prolongation (>60 ms) was observed in 25 patients (0.67%) leading to the cessation of treatment in 12 cases including 3 cases with QTc> 500 ms. No cases of torsade de pointe or sudden death were observed.
CONCLUSION
Although this is a retrospective analysis, results suggest that early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment of COVID-19 patients, with at least 3 days of HCQ-AZ lead to a significantly better clinical outcome and a faster viral load reduction than other treatments.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791
PubMed: 32593867
PubMed Central: PMC7315163
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32593867Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortaredona, Sebastien" sort="Cortaredona, Sebastien" uniqKey="Cortaredona S" first="Sébastien" last="Cortaredona">Sébastien Cortaredona</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille University, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaubert, Jean Yves" sort="Gaubert, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Gaubert J" first="Jean-Yves" last="Gaubert">Jean-Yves Gaubert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix Marseille Univ, LIIE, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille University, Hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques Par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020 Jul - Aug</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32593867</idno><idno type="pmid">32593867</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7315163</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001288</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001288</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cortaredona, Sebastien" sort="Cortaredona, Sebastien" uniqKey="Cortaredona S" first="Sébastien" last="Cortaredona">Sébastien Cortaredona</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" sort="Giraud Gatineau, Audrey" uniqKey="Giraud Gatineau A" first="Audrey" last="Giraud-Gatineau">Audrey Giraud-Gatineau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honore, Stephane" sort="Honore, Stephane" uniqKey="Honore S" first="Stéphane" last="Honoré">Stéphane Honoré</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille University, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaubert, Jean Yves" sort="Gaubert, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Gaubert J" first="Jean-Yves" last="Gaubert">Jean-Yves Gaubert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix Marseille Univ, LIIE, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" sort="Fournier, Pierre Edouard" uniqKey="Fournier P" first="Pierre-Edouard" last="Fournier">Pierre-Edouard Fournier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tissot Dupont, Herve" sort="Tissot Dupont, Herve" uniqKey="Tissot Dupont H" first="Hervé" last="Tissot-Dupont">Hervé Tissot-Dupont</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabriere, Eric" sort="Chabriere, Eric" uniqKey="Chabriere E" first="Eric" last="Chabrière">Eric Chabrière</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Andreas" sort="Stein, Andreas" uniqKey="Stein A" first="Andreas" last="Stein">Andreas Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deharo, Jean Claude" sort="Deharo, Jean Claude" uniqKey="Deharo J" first="Jean-Claude" last="Deharo">Jean-Claude Deharo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille University, Hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obadia, Yolande" sort="Obadia, Yolande" uniqKey="Obadia Y" first="Yolande" last="Obadia">Yolande Obadia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacquier, Alexis" sort="Jacquier, Alexis" uniqKey="Jacquier A" first="Alexis" last="Jacquier">Alexis Jacquier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques Par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drancourt, Michel" sort="Drancourt, Michel" uniqKey="Drancourt M" first="Michel" last="Drancourt">Michel Drancourt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Travel medicine and infectious disease</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-0442</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>France (epidemiology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>France</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>In our institute in Marseille, France, we initiated early and massive screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization and early treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) was proposed for the positive cases.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We retrospectively report the clinical management of 3,737 screened patients, including 3,119 (83.5%) treated with HCQ-AZ (200 mg of oral HCQ, three times daily for ten days and 500 mg of oral AZ on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days, respectively) for at least three days and 618 (16.5%) patients treated with other regimen ("others"). Outcomes were death, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), ≥10 days of hospitalization and viral shedding.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The patients' mean age was 45 (sd 17) years, 45% were male, and the case fatality rate was 0.9%. We performed 2,065 low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans highlighting lung lesions in 592 of the 991 (59.7%) patients with minimal clinical symptoms (NEWS score = 0). A discrepancy between spontaneous dyspnoea, hypoxemia and lung lesions was observed. Clinical factors (age, comorbidities, NEWS-2 score), biological factors (lymphocytopenia; eosinopenia; decrease in blood zinc; and increase in D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, troponin and C-reactive protein) and moderate and severe lesions detected in low-dose CT scans were associated with poor clinical outcome. Treatment with HCQ-AZ was associated with a decreased risk of transfer to ICU or death (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.18 0.11-0.27), decreased risk of hospitalization ≥10 days (odds ratios 95% CI 0.38 0.27-0.54) and shorter duration of viral shedding (time to negative PCR: HR 1.29 1.17-1.42). QTc prolongation (>60 ms) was observed in 25 patients (0.67%) leading to the cessation of treatment in 12 cases including 3 cases with QTc> 500 ms. No cases of torsade de pointe or sudden death were observed.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Although this is a retrospective analysis, results suggest that early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment of COVID-19 patients, with at least 3 days of HCQ-AZ lead to a significantly better clinical outcome and a faster viral load reduction than other treatments.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32593867</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-0442</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>36</Volume><PubDate><MedlineDate>2020 Jul - Aug</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Travel medicine and infectious disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Travel Med Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: A retrospective analysis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>101791</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1477-8939(20)30281-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101791</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">In our institute in Marseille, France, we initiated early and massive screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization and early treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) was proposed for the positive cases.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We retrospectively report the clinical management of 3,737 screened patients, including 3,119 (83.5%) treated with HCQ-AZ (200 mg of oral HCQ, three times daily for ten days and 500 mg of oral AZ on day 1 followed by 250 mg daily for the next four days, respectively) for at least three days and 618 (16.5%) patients treated with other regimen ("others"). Outcomes were death, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), ≥10 days of hospitalization and viral shedding.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">The patients' mean age was 45 (sd 17) years, 45% were male, and the case fatality rate was 0.9%. We performed 2,065 low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans highlighting lung lesions in 592 of the 991 (59.7%) patients with minimal clinical symptoms (NEWS score = 0). A discrepancy between spontaneous dyspnoea, hypoxemia and lung lesions was observed. Clinical factors (age, comorbidities, NEWS-2 score), biological factors (lymphocytopenia; eosinopenia; decrease in blood zinc; and increase in D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, troponin and C-reactive protein) and moderate and severe lesions detected in low-dose CT scans were associated with poor clinical outcome. Treatment with HCQ-AZ was associated with a decreased risk of transfer to ICU or death (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.18 0.11-0.27), decreased risk of hospitalization ≥10 days (odds ratios 95% CI 0.38 0.27-0.54) and shorter duration of viral shedding (time to negative PCR: HR 1.29 1.17-1.42). QTc prolongation (>60 ms) was observed in 25 patients (0.67%) leading to the cessation of treatment in 12 cases including 3 cases with QTc> 500 ms. No cases of torsade de pointe or sudden death were observed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Although this is a retrospective analysis, results suggest that early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment of COVID-19 patients, with at least 3 days of HCQ-AZ lead to a significantly better clinical outcome and a faster viral load reduction than other treatments.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lagier</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Christophe</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Million</LastName><ForeName>Matthieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gautret</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Colson</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cortaredona</LastName><ForeName>Sébastien</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giraud-Gatineau</LastName><ForeName>Audrey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France; AP-HM, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Honoré</LastName><ForeName>Stéphane</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix Marseille University, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Service Pharmacie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gaubert</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Yves</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix Marseille Univ, LIIE, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fournier</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-Edouard</ForeName><Initials>PE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tissot-Dupont</LastName><ForeName>Hervé</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chabrière</LastName><ForeName>Eric</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stein</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deharo</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Claude</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AP-HM, Aix Marseille University, Hôpital Timone, Cardiologie, Rythmologie, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenollar</LastName><ForeName>Florence</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rolain</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Marc</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obadia</LastName><ForeName>Yolande</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jacquier</LastName><ForeName>Alexis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR 7339, CNRS, CRMBM-CEMEREM (Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale-Centre d'Exploration Métaboliques Par Résonance Magnétique), Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>La Scola</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouqui</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drancourt</LastName><ForeName>Michel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parola</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raoult</LastName><ForeName>Didier</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: didier.raoult@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>IHU COVID-19 Task force</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D023362">Evaluation Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Travel Med Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101230758</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1477-8939</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017963" MajorTopicYN="N">Azithromycin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005602" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">France</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Azithromycin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList><InvestigatorList><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amrane</LastName><ForeName>Sophie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aubry</LastName><ForeName>Camille</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bardou</LastName><ForeName>Matthieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berenger</LastName><ForeName>Cyril</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camoin-Jau</LastName><ForeName>Laurence</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cassir</LastName><ForeName>Nadim</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Decoster</LastName><ForeName>Claire</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dhiver</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Doudier</LastName><ForeName>Barbara</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edouard</LastName><ForeName>Sophie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gentile</LastName><ForeName>Stéphanie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guillon-Lorvellec</LastName><ForeName>Katell</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hocquart</LastName><ForeName>Marie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levasseur</LastName><ForeName>Anthony</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator 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