Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients : Results from a real-life patient cohort.
Identifieur interne : 000F19 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000F18; suivant : 000F20Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients : Results from a real-life patient cohort.
Auteurs : Mario Karolyi ; Erich Pawelka ; Theresa Mader ; Sara Omid ; Hasan Kelani ; Sarah Ely ; Bernd Jilma ; Sebastian Baumgartner ; Hermann Laferl ; Clemens Ott ; Marianna Traugott ; Michael Turner ; Tamara Seitz ; Christoph Wenisch ; Alexander ZoufalySource :
- Wiener klinische Wochenschrift [ 1613-7671 ] ; 2021.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- drug therapy : COVID-19.
- Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a high mortality. To date no trial comparing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) has been performed.
METHODS
Hospitalized patients ≥18 years old with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were treated with either HCQ or LPV/RTV if they had either respiratory insufficiency (SpO
RESULTS
Of 156 patients (41% female) with a median age of 72 years (IQR 55.25-81) admitted to our department, 67 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (20 received HCQ, 47 LPV/RTV). Groups were comparable regarding most baseline characteristics. Median time from symptom onset to treatment initiation was 8 days and was similar between the groups (p = 0.727). There was no significant difference (HCQ vs. LPV/RTV) in hospital mortality (15% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.418), ICU admission rate (20% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.470) and length of stay (9 days vs. 11 days, p = 0.340). A PCR negativity from nasopharyngeal swabs was observed in approximately two thirds of patients in both groups. Side effects led to treatment discontinuation in 15% of patients in the LPV/RTV group.
CONCLUSION
No statistically significant differences were observed in outcome parameters in patients treated with HCQ or LPV/RTV but patients in the LPV/RTV group showed a numerically lower hospital mortality rate. Additionally, in comparison to other studies we demonstrated a lower mortality in patients treated with LPV/RTV despite having similar patient groups, perhaps due to early initiation of treatment.
DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01720-y
PubMed: 32776298
PubMed Central: PMC7416584
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32776298Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients : Results from a real-life patient cohort.</title><author><name sortKey="Karolyi, Mario" sort="Karolyi, Mario" uniqKey="Karolyi M" first="Mario" last="Karolyi">Mario Karolyi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria. mario.karolyi@gesundheitsverbund.at.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pawelka, Erich" sort="Pawelka, Erich" uniqKey="Pawelka E" first="Erich" last="Pawelka">Erich Pawelka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mader, Theresa" sort="Mader, Theresa" uniqKey="Mader T" first="Theresa" last="Mader">Theresa Mader</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omid, Sara" sort="Omid, Sara" uniqKey="Omid S" first="Sara" last="Omid">Sara Omid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelani, Hasan" sort="Kelani, Hasan" uniqKey="Kelani H" first="Hasan" last="Kelani">Hasan Kelani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ely, Sarah" sort="Ely, Sarah" uniqKey="Ely S" first="Sarah" last="Ely">Sarah Ely</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jilma, Bernd" sort="Jilma, Bernd" uniqKey="Jilma B" first="Bernd" last="Jilma">Bernd Jilma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baumgartner, Sebastian" sort="Baumgartner, Sebastian" uniqKey="Baumgartner S" first="Sebastian" last="Baumgartner">Sebastian Baumgartner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laferl, Hermann" sort="Laferl, Hermann" uniqKey="Laferl H" first="Hermann" last="Laferl">Hermann Laferl</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ott, Clemens" sort="Ott, Clemens" uniqKey="Ott C" first="Clemens" last="Ott">Clemens Ott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traugott, Marianna" sort="Traugott, Marianna" uniqKey="Traugott M" first="Marianna" last="Traugott">Marianna Traugott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Michael" sort="Turner, Michael" uniqKey="Turner M" first="Michael" last="Turner">Michael Turner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, Tamara" sort="Seitz, Tamara" uniqKey="Seitz T" first="Tamara" last="Seitz">Tamara Seitz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wenisch, Christoph" sort="Wenisch, Christoph" uniqKey="Wenisch C" first="Christoph" last="Wenisch">Christoph Wenisch</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zoufaly, Alexander" sort="Zoufaly, Alexander" uniqKey="Zoufaly A" first="Alexander" last="Zoufaly">Alexander Zoufaly</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32776298</idno><idno type="pmid">32776298</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s00508-020-01720-y</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7416584</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000F19</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000F19</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients : Results from a real-life patient cohort.</title><author><name sortKey="Karolyi, Mario" sort="Karolyi, Mario" uniqKey="Karolyi M" first="Mario" last="Karolyi">Mario Karolyi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria. mario.karolyi@gesundheitsverbund.at.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pawelka, Erich" sort="Pawelka, Erich" uniqKey="Pawelka E" first="Erich" last="Pawelka">Erich Pawelka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mader, Theresa" sort="Mader, Theresa" uniqKey="Mader T" first="Theresa" last="Mader">Theresa Mader</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omid, Sara" sort="Omid, Sara" uniqKey="Omid S" first="Sara" last="Omid">Sara Omid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelani, Hasan" sort="Kelani, Hasan" uniqKey="Kelani H" first="Hasan" last="Kelani">Hasan Kelani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ely, Sarah" sort="Ely, Sarah" uniqKey="Ely S" first="Sarah" last="Ely">Sarah Ely</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jilma, Bernd" sort="Jilma, Bernd" uniqKey="Jilma B" first="Bernd" last="Jilma">Bernd Jilma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baumgartner, Sebastian" sort="Baumgartner, Sebastian" uniqKey="Baumgartner S" first="Sebastian" last="Baumgartner">Sebastian Baumgartner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laferl, Hermann" sort="Laferl, Hermann" uniqKey="Laferl H" first="Hermann" last="Laferl">Hermann Laferl</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ott, Clemens" sort="Ott, Clemens" uniqKey="Ott C" first="Clemens" last="Ott">Clemens Ott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traugott, Marianna" sort="Traugott, Marianna" uniqKey="Traugott M" first="Marianna" last="Traugott">Marianna Traugott</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Michael" sort="Turner, Michael" uniqKey="Turner M" first="Michael" last="Turner">Michael Turner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seitz, Tamara" sort="Seitz, Tamara" uniqKey="Seitz T" first="Tamara" last="Seitz">Tamara Seitz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wenisch, Christoph" sort="Wenisch, Christoph" uniqKey="Wenisch C" first="Christoph" last="Wenisch">Christoph Wenisch</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zoufaly, Alexander" sort="Zoufaly, Alexander" uniqKey="Zoufaly A" first="Alexander" last="Zoufaly">Alexander Zoufaly</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Wiener klinische Wochenschrift</title><idno type="eISSN">1613-7671</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Lopinavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a high mortality. To date no trial comparing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) has been performed.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Hospitalized patients ≥18 years old with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were treated with either HCQ or LPV/RTV if they had either respiratory insufficiency (SpO</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Of 156 patients (41% female) with a median age of 72 years (IQR 55.25-81) admitted to our department, 67 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (20 received HCQ, 47 LPV/RTV). Groups were comparable regarding most baseline characteristics. Median time from symptom onset to treatment initiation was 8 days and was similar between the groups (p = 0.727). There was no significant difference (HCQ vs. LPV/RTV) in hospital mortality (15% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.418), ICU admission rate (20% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.470) and length of stay (9 days vs. 11 days, p = 0.340). A PCR negativity from nasopharyngeal swabs was observed in approximately two thirds of patients in both groups. Side effects led to treatment discontinuation in 15% of patients in the LPV/RTV group.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>No statistically significant differences were observed in outcome parameters in patients treated with HCQ or LPV/RTV but patients in the LPV/RTV group showed a numerically lower hospital mortality rate. Additionally, in comparison to other studies we demonstrated a lower mortality in patients treated with LPV/RTV despite having similar patient groups, perhaps due to early initiation of treatment.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32776298</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1613-7671</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>133</Volume><Issue>7-8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Wiener klinische Wochenschrift</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Wien Klin Wochenschr</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients : Results from a real-life patient cohort.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>284-291</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00508-020-01720-y</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a high mortality. To date no trial comparing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) has been performed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Hospitalized patients ≥18 years old with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were treated with either HCQ or LPV/RTV if they had either respiratory insufficiency (SpO<sub>2</sub> ≤ 93% on room air or the need for oxygen insufflation) or bilateral consolidations on chest X‑ray and at least 2 comorbidities associated with poor COVID-19 prognosis. Outcomes investigated included in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) negativity and side effects of treatment.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Of 156 patients (41% female) with a median age of 72 years (IQR 55.25-81) admitted to our department, 67 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (20 received HCQ, 47 LPV/RTV). Groups were comparable regarding most baseline characteristics. Median time from symptom onset to treatment initiation was 8 days and was similar between the groups (p = 0.727). There was no significant difference (HCQ vs. LPV/RTV) in hospital mortality (15% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.418), ICU admission rate (20% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.470) and length of stay (9 days vs. 11 days, p = 0.340). A PCR negativity from nasopharyngeal swabs was observed in approximately two thirds of patients in both groups. Side effects led to treatment discontinuation in 15% of patients in the LPV/RTV group.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">No statistically significant differences were observed in outcome parameters in patients treated with HCQ or LPV/RTV but patients in the LPV/RTV group showed a numerically lower hospital mortality rate. Additionally, in comparison to other studies we demonstrated a lower mortality in patients treated with LPV/RTV despite having similar patient groups, perhaps due to early initiation of treatment.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karolyi</LastName><ForeName>Mario</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-2339</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria. mario.karolyi@gesundheitsverbund.at.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pawelka</LastName><ForeName>Erich</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-0539</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mader</LastName><ForeName>Theresa</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Omid</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kelani</LastName><ForeName>Hasan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ely</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jilma</LastName><ForeName>Bernd</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-7977</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baumgartner</LastName><ForeName>Sebastian</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laferl</LastName><ForeName>Hermann</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ott</LastName><ForeName>Clemens</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Traugott</LastName><ForeName>Marianna</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turner</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seitz</LastName><ForeName>Tamara</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wenisch</LastName><ForeName>Christoph</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zoufaly</LastName><ForeName>Alexander</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, 1100, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Austria</Country><MedlineTA>Wien Klin Wochenschr</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>21620870R</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0043-5325</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>2494G1JF75</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D061466">Lopinavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>O3J8G9O825</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019438">Ritonavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D061466" 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