Incidence and clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases: A population-based study.
Identifieur interne : 000C69 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000C68; suivant : 000C70Incidence and clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases: A population-based study.
Auteurs : Ho So ; Joyce Wing-Yan Mak ; Jacqueline So ; Grace Lui ; Frankie Lun ; Jolly Lee ; Shirley Chan ; Carmen Ho ; Jacky Man-Chun Chan ; Shing-Pak Kong ; Woon-Leung Ng ; Lai-Shan TamSource :
- Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism [ 1532-866X ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Antirheumatic Agents (classification), Antirheumatic Agents (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), COVID-19 (MeSH), COVID-19 Testing (MeSH), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (methods), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (statistics & numerical data), Comorbidity (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Female (MeSH), Hong Kong (epidemiology), Humans (MeSH), Incidence (MeSH), Joint Diseases (drug therapy), Joint Diseases (epidemiology), Joint Diseases (etiology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Outcome Assessment, Health Care (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Prognosis (MeSH), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Rheumatic Diseases (diagnosis), Rheumatic Diseases (epidemiology), Risk Assessment (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , classification : Antirheumatic Agents.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antirheumatic Agents.
- geographic , epidemiology : Hong Kong.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Rheumatic Diseases.
- drug therapy : Joint Diseases.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Joint Diseases, Pneumonia, Viral, Rheumatic Diseases.
- etiology : Joint Diseases.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- methods : Clinical Laboratory Techniques.
- statistics & numerical data : Clinical Laboratory Techniques.
- Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Pandemics, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Patients with rheumatologic diseases might be more susceptible to COVID-19 and carry a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study is to examine the incidence and outcomes of all COVID-19 patients with rheumatologic conditions in Hong Kong.
METHODS
This is a population-based retrospective study. All patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR with a previous diagnosis of rheumatologic diseases were reviewed. The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic conditions was calculated and compared to the general population in Hong Kong. Descriptive data of those rheumatologic patients with COVID-19 and the clinical course of the index infection were presented.
RESULTS
Up till 27 May 2020, there were 1067 cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Hong Kong which had a population of 7.5 million. Out of the 39,835 patients with underlying rheumatologic diseases, we identified 5 PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases. The estimated incidence of COVID-19 was 0.0126% patients with rheumatologic diseases, compared to 0.0142% in the general population. All 5 patients had inflammatory arthropathies. One patient was on hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine, and one was on methotrexate. None of the 3534 patients on b/tsDMARDs was infected. Four patients had leucopenia/lymphopenia and stool viral PCR was positive in 3 patients. All patients made uneventful recovery without complications or flare of underlying diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
We found no alarming signals of increased frequency or severity of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases, although extrapolation of the results to other populations with different infection control strategies should be made with caution.
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.07.012
PubMed: 32896705
PubMed Central: PMC7377992
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32896705Le document en format XML
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Electronic address: hoso@cuhk.edu.hk.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mak, Joyce Wing Yan" sort="Mak, Joyce Wing Yan" uniqKey="Mak J" first="Joyce Wing-Yan" last="Mak">Joyce Wing-Yan Mak</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Jacqueline" sort="So, Jacqueline" uniqKey="So J" first="Jacqueline" last="So">Jacqueline So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lui, Grace" sort="Lui, Grace" uniqKey="Lui G" first="Grace" last="Lui">Grace Lui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lun, Frankie" sort="Lun, Frankie" uniqKey="Lun F" first="Frankie" last="Lun">Frankie Lun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jolly" sort="Lee, Jolly" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jolly" last="Lee">Jolly Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Shirley" sort="Chan, Shirley" uniqKey="Chan S" first="Shirley" last="Chan">Shirley Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Carmen" sort="Ho, Carmen" uniqKey="Ho C" first="Carmen" last="Ho">Carmen Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jacky Man Chun" sort="Chan, Jacky Man Chun" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jacky Man-Chun" last="Chan">Jacky Man-Chun Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Shing Pak" sort="Kong, Shing Pak" uniqKey="Kong S" first="Shing-Pak" last="Kong">Shing-Pak Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Woon Leung" sort="Ng, Woon Leung" uniqKey="Ng W" first="Woon-Leung" last="Ng">Woon-Leung Ng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tam, Lai Shan" sort="Tam, Lai Shan" uniqKey="Tam L" first="Lai-Shan" last="Tam">Lai-Shan Tam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32896705</idno><idno type="pmid">32896705</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.07.012</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7377992</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000C69</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C69</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Incidence and clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases: A population-based study.</title><author><name sortKey="So, Ho" sort="So, Ho" uniqKey="So H" first="Ho" last="So">Ho So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: hoso@cuhk.edu.hk.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mak, Joyce Wing Yan" sort="Mak, Joyce Wing Yan" uniqKey="Mak J" first="Joyce Wing-Yan" last="Mak">Joyce Wing-Yan Mak</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Jacqueline" sort="So, Jacqueline" uniqKey="So J" first="Jacqueline" last="So">Jacqueline So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lui, Grace" sort="Lui, Grace" uniqKey="Lui G" first="Grace" last="Lui">Grace Lui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lun, Frankie" sort="Lun, Frankie" uniqKey="Lun F" first="Frankie" last="Lun">Frankie Lun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jolly" sort="Lee, Jolly" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jolly" last="Lee">Jolly Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Shirley" sort="Chan, Shirley" uniqKey="Chan S" first="Shirley" last="Chan">Shirley Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Carmen" sort="Ho, Carmen" uniqKey="Ho C" first="Carmen" last="Ho">Carmen Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jacky Man Chun" sort="Chan, Jacky Man Chun" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jacky Man-Chun" last="Chan">Jacky Man-Chun Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, Shing Pak" sort="Kong, Shing Pak" uniqKey="Kong S" first="Shing-Pak" last="Kong">Shing-Pak Kong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Woon Leung" sort="Ng, Woon Leung" uniqKey="Ng W" first="Woon-Leung" last="Ng">Woon-Leung Ng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tam, Lai Shan" sort="Tam, Lai Shan" uniqKey="Tam L" first="Lai-Shan" last="Tam">Lai-Shan Tam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism</title><idno type="eISSN">1532-866X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Antirheumatic Agents (classification)</term><term>Antirheumatic Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 Testing (MeSH)</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (methods)</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Comorbidity (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Hong Kong (epidemiology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Incidence (MeSH)</term><term>Joint Diseases (drug therapy)</term><term>Joint Diseases (epidemiology)</term><term>Joint Diseases (etiology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Outcome Assessment, Health Care (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Prognosis (MeSH)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Rheumatic Diseases (diagnosis)</term><term>Rheumatic Diseases (epidemiology)</term><term>Risk Assessment (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Antirheumatic Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antirheumatic Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Hong Kong</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Rheumatic Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Joint Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Joint Diseases</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Rheumatic Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Joint Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>COVID-19 Testing</term><term>Comorbidity</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Outcome Assessment, Health Care</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Prognosis</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Risk Assessment</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>Patients with rheumatologic diseases might be more susceptible to COVID-19 and carry a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study is to examine the incidence and outcomes of all COVID-19 patients with rheumatologic conditions in Hong Kong.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>This is a population-based retrospective study. All patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR with a previous diagnosis of rheumatologic diseases were reviewed. The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic conditions was calculated and compared to the general population in Hong Kong. Descriptive data of those rheumatologic patients with COVID-19 and the clinical course of the index infection were presented.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Up till 27 May 2020, there were 1067 cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Hong Kong which had a population of 7.5 million. Out of the 39,835 patients with underlying rheumatologic diseases, we identified 5 PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases. The estimated incidence of COVID-19 was 0.0126% patients with rheumatologic diseases, compared to 0.0142% in the general population. All 5 patients had inflammatory arthropathies. One patient was on hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine, and one was on methotrexate. None of the 3534 patients on b/tsDMARDs was infected. Four patients had leucopenia/lymphopenia and stool viral PCR was positive in 3 patients. All patients made uneventful recovery without complications or flare of underlying diseases.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>We found no alarming signals of increased frequency or severity of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases, although extrapolation of the results to other populations with different infection control strategies should be made with caution.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32896705</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1532-866X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>50</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Semin Arthritis Rheum</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Incidence and clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases: A population-based study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>885-889</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0049-0172(20)30214-6</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.07.012</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES">Patients with rheumatologic diseases might be more susceptible to COVID-19 and carry a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study is to examine the incidence and outcomes of all COVID-19 patients with rheumatologic conditions in Hong Kong.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">This is a population-based retrospective study. All patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR with a previous diagnosis of rheumatologic diseases were reviewed. The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic conditions was calculated and compared to the general population in Hong Kong. Descriptive data of those rheumatologic patients with COVID-19 and the clinical course of the index infection were presented.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Up till 27 May 2020, there were 1067 cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Hong Kong which had a population of 7.5 million. Out of the 39,835 patients with underlying rheumatologic diseases, we identified 5 PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases. The estimated incidence of COVID-19 was 0.0126% patients with rheumatologic diseases, compared to 0.0142% in the general population. All 5 patients had inflammatory arthropathies. One patient was on hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine, and one was on methotrexate. None of the 3534 patients on b/tsDMARDs was infected. Four patients had leucopenia/lymphopenia and stool viral PCR was positive in 3 patients. All patients made uneventful recovery without complications or flare of underlying diseases.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">We found no alarming signals of increased frequency or severity of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatologic diseases, although extrapolation of the results to other populations with different infection control strategies should be made with caution.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>So</LastName><ForeName>Ho</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: hoso@cuhk.edu.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mak</LastName><ForeName>Joyce Wing-Yan</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>So</LastName><ForeName>Jacqueline</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lui</LastName><ForeName>Grace</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lun</LastName><ForeName>Frankie</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName><ForeName>Jolly</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Shirley</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ho</LastName><ForeName>Carmen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Jacky Man-Chun</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kong</LastName><ForeName>Shing-Pak</ForeName><Initials>SP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ng</LastName><ForeName>Woon-Leung</ForeName><Initials>WL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tam</LastName><ForeName>Lai-Shan</ForeName><Initials>LS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Semin Arthritis Rheum</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>1306053</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0049-0172</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D018501">Antirheumatic Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018501" MajorTopicYN="Y">Antirheumatic Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="Y">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086742" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19 Testing</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019411" MajorTopicYN="Y">Clinical Laboratory Techniques</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015897" MajorTopicYN="N">Comorbidity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006723" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Hong Kong</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007592" MajorTopicYN="Y">Joint Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017063" MajorTopicYN="N">Outcome Assessment, Health Care</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011379" MajorTopicYN="N">Prognosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012216" MajorTopicYN="Y">Rheumatic Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018570" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Assessment</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Incidence</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Outcome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of Competing Interests None declared.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>07</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>8</Hour><Minute>50</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32896705</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0049-0172(20)30214-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.07.012</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7377992</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2017 Mar 21;317(11):1151-1158</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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