Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
Identifieur interne : 000C40 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000C39; suivant : 000C41Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
Auteurs : Kathleen Chiotos ; Molly Hayes ; David W. Kimberlin ; Sarah B. Jones ; Scott H. James ; Swetha G. Pinninti ; April Yarbrough ; Mark J. Abzug ; Christine E. Macbrayne ; Vijaya L. Soma ; Daniel E. Dulek ; Surabhi B. Vora ; Alpana Waghmare ; Joshua Wolf ; Rosemary Olivero ; Steven Grapentine ; Rachel L. Wattier ; Laura Bio ; Shane J. Cross ; Nicholas O. Dillman ; Kevin J. Downes ; Carlos R. Oliveira ; Kathryn Timberlake ; Jennifer Young ; Rachel C. Orscheln ; Pranita D. Tamma ; Hayden T. Schwenk ; Philip Zachariah ; Margaret L. Aldrich ; David L. Goldman ; Helen E. Groves ; Nipunie S. Rajapakse ; Gabriella S. Lamb ; Alison C. Tribble ; Adam L. Hersh ; Emily A. Thorell ; Mark R. Denison ; Adam J. Ratner ; Jason G. Newland ; Mari M. NakamuraSource :
- Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society [ 2048-7207 ] ; 2021.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adenosine Monophosphate (analogs & derivatives), Adenosine Monophosphate (therapeutic use), Alanine (analogs & derivatives), Alanine (therapeutic use), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), COVID-19 (drug therapy), COVID-19 (therapy), Child (MeSH), Evidence-Based Medicine (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Immunocompromised Host (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), Severity of Illness Index (MeSH), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (drug therapy).
- MESH :
- chemical , analogs & derivatives : Adenosine Monophosphate, Alanine.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Adenosine Monophosphate, Alanine, Antiviral Agents.
- drug therapy : COVID-19, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.
- therapy : COVID-19.
- Child, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data describing agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children.
METHODS
A panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.
RESULTS
Given the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children.
CONCLUSIONS
Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir.
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa115
PubMed: 32918548
PubMed Central: PMC7543452
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32918548Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.</title><author><name sortKey="Chiotos, Kathleen" sort="Chiotos, Kathleen" uniqKey="Chiotos K" first="Kathleen" last="Chiotos">Kathleen Chiotos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Molly" sort="Hayes, Molly" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="Molly" last="Hayes">Molly Hayes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kimberlin, David W" sort="Kimberlin, David W" uniqKey="Kimberlin D" first="David W" last="Kimberlin">David W. Kimberlin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Sarah B" sort="Jones, Sarah B" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Sarah B" last="Jones">Sarah B. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Scott H" sort="James, Scott H" uniqKey="James S" first="Scott H" last="James">Scott H. James</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinninti, Swetha G" sort="Pinninti, Swetha G" uniqKey="Pinninti S" first="Swetha G" last="Pinninti">Swetha G. Pinninti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarbrough, April" sort="Yarbrough, April" uniqKey="Yarbrough A" first="April" last="Yarbrough">April Yarbrough</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abzug, Mark J" sort="Abzug, Mark J" uniqKey="Abzug M" first="Mark J" last="Abzug">Mark J. Abzug</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macbrayne, Christine E" sort="Macbrayne, Christine E" uniqKey="Macbrayne C" first="Christine E" last="Macbrayne">Christine E. Macbrayne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soma, Vijaya L" sort="Soma, Vijaya L" uniqKey="Soma V" first="Vijaya L" last="Soma">Vijaya L. Soma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dulek, Daniel E" sort="Dulek, Daniel E" uniqKey="Dulek D" first="Daniel E" last="Dulek">Daniel E. Dulek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vora, Surabhi B" sort="Vora, Surabhi B" uniqKey="Vora S" first="Surabhi B" last="Vora">Surabhi B. Vora</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waghmare, Alpana" sort="Waghmare, Alpana" uniqKey="Waghmare A" first="Alpana" last="Waghmare">Alpana Waghmare</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Joshua" sort="Wolf, Joshua" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Joshua" last="Wolf">Joshua Wolf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivero, Rosemary" sort="Olivero, Rosemary" uniqKey="Olivero R" first="Rosemary" last="Olivero">Rosemary Olivero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital of Spectrum Health, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grapentine, Steven" sort="Grapentine, Steven" uniqKey="Grapentine S" first="Steven" last="Grapentine">Steven Grapentine</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, University of California-San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wattier, Rachel L" sort="Wattier, Rachel L" uniqKey="Wattier R" first="Rachel L" last="Wattier">Rachel L. Wattier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bio, Laura" sort="Bio, Laura" uniqKey="Bio L" first="Laura" last="Bio">Laura Bio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cross, Shane J" sort="Cross, Shane J" uniqKey="Cross S" first="Shane J" last="Cross">Shane J. Cross</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dillman, Nicholas O" sort="Dillman, Nicholas O" uniqKey="Dillman N" first="Nicholas O" last="Dillman">Nicholas O. Dillman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Downes, Kevin J" sort="Downes, Kevin J" uniqKey="Downes K" first="Kevin J" last="Downes">Kevin J. Downes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Carlos R" sort="Oliveira, Carlos R" uniqKey="Oliveira C" first="Carlos R" last="Oliveira">Carlos R. Oliveira</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timberlake, Kathryn" sort="Timberlake, Kathryn" uniqKey="Timberlake K" first="Kathryn" last="Timberlake">Kathryn Timberlake</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Jennifer" sort="Young, Jennifer" uniqKey="Young J" first="Jennifer" last="Young">Jennifer Young</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orscheln, Rachel C" sort="Orscheln, Rachel C" uniqKey="Orscheln R" first="Rachel C" last="Orscheln">Rachel C. Orscheln</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tamma, Pranita D" sort="Tamma, Pranita D" uniqKey="Tamma P" first="Pranita D" last="Tamma">Pranita D. Tamma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwenk, Hayden T" sort="Schwenk, Hayden T" uniqKey="Schwenk H" first="Hayden T" last="Schwenk">Hayden T. Schwenk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zachariah, Philip" sort="Zachariah, Philip" uniqKey="Zachariah P" first="Philip" last="Zachariah">Philip Zachariah</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aldrich, Margaret L" sort="Aldrich, Margaret L" uniqKey="Aldrich M" first="Margaret L" last="Aldrich">Margaret L. Aldrich</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldman, David L" sort="Goldman, David L" uniqKey="Goldman D" first="David L" last="Goldman">David L. Goldman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Helen E" sort="Groves, Helen E" uniqKey="Groves H" first="Helen E" last="Groves">Helen E. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajapakse, Nipunie S" sort="Rajapakse, Nipunie S" uniqKey="Rajapakse N" first="Nipunie S" last="Rajapakse">Nipunie S. Rajapakse</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lamb, Gabriella S" sort="Lamb, Gabriella S" uniqKey="Lamb G" first="Gabriella S" last="Lamb">Gabriella S. Lamb</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tribble, Alison C" sort="Tribble, Alison C" uniqKey="Tribble A" first="Alison C" last="Tribble">Alison C. Tribble</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan and CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hersh, Adam L" sort="Hersh, Adam L" uniqKey="Hersh A" first="Adam L" last="Hersh">Adam L. Hersh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorell, Emily A" sort="Thorell, Emily A" uniqKey="Thorell E" first="Emily A" last="Thorell">Emily A. Thorell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denison, Mark R" sort="Denison, Mark R" uniqKey="Denison M" first="Mark R" last="Denison">Mark R. Denison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ratner, Adam J" sort="Ratner, Adam J" uniqKey="Ratner A" first="Adam J" last="Ratner">Adam J. Ratner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newland, Jason G" sort="Newland, Jason G" uniqKey="Newland J" first="Jason G" last="Newland">Jason G. Newland</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Mari M" sort="Nakamura, Mari M" uniqKey="Nakamura M" first="Mari M" last="Nakamura">Mari M. Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32918548</idno><idno type="pmid">32918548</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/jpids/piaa115</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7543452</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000C40</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C40</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.</title><author><name sortKey="Chiotos, Kathleen" sort="Chiotos, Kathleen" uniqKey="Chiotos K" first="Kathleen" last="Chiotos">Kathleen Chiotos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Molly" sort="Hayes, Molly" uniqKey="Hayes M" first="Molly" last="Hayes">Molly Hayes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kimberlin, David W" sort="Kimberlin, David W" uniqKey="Kimberlin D" first="David W" last="Kimberlin">David W. Kimberlin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Sarah B" sort="Jones, Sarah B" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Sarah B" last="Jones">Sarah B. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Scott H" sort="James, Scott H" uniqKey="James S" first="Scott H" last="James">Scott H. James</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinninti, Swetha G" sort="Pinninti, Swetha G" uniqKey="Pinninti S" first="Swetha G" last="Pinninti">Swetha G. Pinninti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yarbrough, April" sort="Yarbrough, April" uniqKey="Yarbrough A" first="April" last="Yarbrough">April Yarbrough</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abzug, Mark J" sort="Abzug, Mark J" uniqKey="Abzug M" first="Mark J" last="Abzug">Mark J. Abzug</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macbrayne, Christine E" sort="Macbrayne, Christine E" uniqKey="Macbrayne C" first="Christine E" last="Macbrayne">Christine E. Macbrayne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soma, Vijaya L" sort="Soma, Vijaya L" uniqKey="Soma V" first="Vijaya L" last="Soma">Vijaya L. Soma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dulek, Daniel E" sort="Dulek, Daniel E" uniqKey="Dulek D" first="Daniel E" last="Dulek">Daniel E. Dulek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vora, Surabhi B" sort="Vora, Surabhi B" uniqKey="Vora S" first="Surabhi B" last="Vora">Surabhi B. Vora</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waghmare, Alpana" sort="Waghmare, Alpana" uniqKey="Waghmare A" first="Alpana" last="Waghmare">Alpana Waghmare</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolf, Joshua" sort="Wolf, Joshua" uniqKey="Wolf J" first="Joshua" last="Wolf">Joshua Wolf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivero, Rosemary" sort="Olivero, Rosemary" uniqKey="Olivero R" first="Rosemary" last="Olivero">Rosemary Olivero</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital of Spectrum Health, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grapentine, Steven" sort="Grapentine, Steven" uniqKey="Grapentine S" first="Steven" last="Grapentine">Steven Grapentine</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, University of California-San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wattier, Rachel L" sort="Wattier, Rachel L" uniqKey="Wattier R" first="Rachel L" last="Wattier">Rachel L. Wattier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bio, Laura" sort="Bio, Laura" uniqKey="Bio L" first="Laura" last="Bio">Laura Bio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cross, Shane J" sort="Cross, Shane J" uniqKey="Cross S" first="Shane J" last="Cross">Shane J. Cross</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dillman, Nicholas O" sort="Dillman, Nicholas O" uniqKey="Dillman N" first="Nicholas O" last="Dillman">Nicholas O. Dillman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Downes, Kevin J" sort="Downes, Kevin J" uniqKey="Downes K" first="Kevin J" last="Downes">Kevin J. Downes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Carlos R" sort="Oliveira, Carlos R" uniqKey="Oliveira C" first="Carlos R" last="Oliveira">Carlos R. Oliveira</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timberlake, Kathryn" sort="Timberlake, Kathryn" uniqKey="Timberlake K" first="Kathryn" last="Timberlake">Kathryn Timberlake</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Jennifer" sort="Young, Jennifer" uniqKey="Young J" first="Jennifer" last="Young">Jennifer Young</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orscheln, Rachel C" sort="Orscheln, Rachel C" uniqKey="Orscheln R" first="Rachel C" last="Orscheln">Rachel C. Orscheln</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tamma, Pranita D" sort="Tamma, Pranita D" uniqKey="Tamma P" first="Pranita D" last="Tamma">Pranita D. Tamma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwenk, Hayden T" sort="Schwenk, Hayden T" uniqKey="Schwenk H" first="Hayden T" last="Schwenk">Hayden T. Schwenk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zachariah, Philip" sort="Zachariah, Philip" uniqKey="Zachariah P" first="Philip" last="Zachariah">Philip Zachariah</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aldrich, Margaret L" sort="Aldrich, Margaret L" uniqKey="Aldrich M" first="Margaret L" last="Aldrich">Margaret L. Aldrich</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldman, David L" sort="Goldman, David L" uniqKey="Goldman D" first="David L" last="Goldman">David L. Goldman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Helen E" sort="Groves, Helen E" uniqKey="Groves H" first="Helen E" last="Groves">Helen E. Groves</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajapakse, Nipunie S" sort="Rajapakse, Nipunie S" uniqKey="Rajapakse N" first="Nipunie S" last="Rajapakse">Nipunie S. Rajapakse</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lamb, Gabriella S" sort="Lamb, Gabriella S" uniqKey="Lamb G" first="Gabriella S" last="Lamb">Gabriella S. Lamb</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tribble, Alison C" sort="Tribble, Alison C" uniqKey="Tribble A" first="Alison C" last="Tribble">Alison C. Tribble</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan and CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hersh, Adam L" sort="Hersh, Adam L" uniqKey="Hersh A" first="Adam L" last="Hersh">Adam L. Hersh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thorell, Emily A" sort="Thorell, Emily A" uniqKey="Thorell E" first="Emily A" last="Thorell">Emily A. Thorell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denison, Mark R" sort="Denison, Mark R" uniqKey="Denison M" first="Mark R" last="Denison">Mark R. Denison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ratner, Adam J" sort="Ratner, Adam J" uniqKey="Ratner A" first="Adam J" last="Ratner">Adam J. Ratner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newland, Jason G" sort="Newland, Jason G" uniqKey="Newland J" first="Jason G" last="Newland">Jason G. Newland</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Mari M" sort="Nakamura, Mari M" uniqKey="Nakamura M" first="Mari M" last="Nakamura">Mari M. Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society</title><idno type="eISSN">2048-7207</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adenosine Monophosphate (analogs & derivatives)</term><term>Adenosine Monophosphate (therapeutic use)</term><term>Alanine (analogs & derivatives)</term><term>Alanine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term><term>COVID-19 (therapy)</term><term>Child (MeSH)</term><term>Evidence-Based Medicine (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Immunocompromised Host (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Severity of Illness Index (MeSH)</term><term>Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (drug therapy)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analogs & derivatives" xml:lang="en"><term>Adenosine Monophosphate</term><term>Alanine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Adenosine Monophosphate</term><term>Alanine</term><term>Antiviral Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Child</term><term>Evidence-Based Medicine</term><term>Humans</term><term>Immunocompromised Host</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data describing agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>A panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Given the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32918548</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2048-7207</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Feb</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>34-48</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/jpids/piaa115</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data describing agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Given the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chiotos</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hayes</LastName><ForeName>Molly</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kimberlin</LastName><ForeName>David W</ForeName><Initials>DW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jones</LastName><ForeName>Sarah B</ForeName><Initials>SB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>James</LastName><ForeName>Scott H</ForeName><Initials>SH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pinninti</LastName><ForeName>Swetha G</ForeName><Initials>SG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yarbrough</LastName><ForeName>April</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abzug</LastName><ForeName>Mark J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacBrayne</LastName><ForeName>Christine E</ForeName><Initials>CE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soma</LastName><ForeName>Vijaya L</ForeName><Initials>VL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dulek</LastName><ForeName>Daniel E</ForeName><Initials>DE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vora</LastName><ForeName>Surabhi B</ForeName><Initials>SB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waghmare</LastName><ForeName>Alpana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wolf</LastName><ForeName>Joshua</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Olivero</LastName><ForeName>Rosemary</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital of Spectrum Health, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grapentine</LastName><ForeName>Steven</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, University of California-San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wattier</LastName><ForeName>Rachel L</ForeName><Initials>RL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bio</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cross</LastName><ForeName>Shane J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dillman</LastName><ForeName>Nicholas O</ForeName><Initials>NO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Downes</LastName><ForeName>Kevin J</ForeName><Initials>KJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oliveira</LastName><ForeName>Carlos R</ForeName><Initials>CR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Timberlake</LastName><ForeName>Kathryn</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Young</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Orscheln</LastName><ForeName>Rachel C</ForeName><Initials>RC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tamma</LastName><ForeName>Pranita D</ForeName><Initials>PD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwenk</LastName><ForeName>Hayden T</ForeName><Initials>HT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zachariah</LastName><ForeName>Philip</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aldrich</LastName><ForeName>Margaret L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goldman</LastName><ForeName>David L</ForeName><Initials>DL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Groves</LastName><ForeName>Helen E</ForeName><Initials>HE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rajapakse</LastName><ForeName>Nipunie S</ForeName><Initials>NS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lamb</LastName><ForeName>Gabriella S</ForeName><Initials>GS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tribble</LastName><ForeName>Alison C</ForeName><Initials>AC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan and CS Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hersh</LastName><ForeName>Adam L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thorell</LastName><ForeName>Emily A</ForeName><Initials>EA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Denison</LastName><ForeName>Mark R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ratner</LastName><ForeName>Adam J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Newland</LastName><ForeName>Jason G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nakamura</LastName><ForeName>Mari M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>KL2 TR001862</GrantID><Acronym>TR</Acronym><Agency>NCATS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016446">Consensus Development Conference</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101586049</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2048-7193</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral 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MajorTopicYN="N">Alanine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000031" MajorTopicYN="N">analogs & derivatives</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019317" MajorTopicYN="N">Evidence-Based Medicine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016867" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunocompromised Host</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012720" MajorTopicYN="N">Severity of Illness Index</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018746" MajorTopicYN="N">Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">antiviral</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pediatric</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>5</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32918548</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">5904884</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/jpids/piaa115</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7543452</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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