Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study.
Identifieur interne : 000921 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000920; suivant : 000922Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study.
Auteurs : Min Joo Choi ; Minsun Kang ; So Youn Shin ; Ji Yun Noh ; Hee Jin Cheong ; Woo Joo Kim ; Jaehun Jung ; Joon Young SongSource :
- International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [ 1878-3511 ] ; 2021.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), COVID-19 (drug therapy), COVID-19 (virology), Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Lopinavir (administration & dosage), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Propensity Score (MeSH), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Ritonavir (administration & dosage), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Virus Shedding (drug effects), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Hydroxychloroquine.
- drug effects : Virus Shedding.
- drug therapy : COVID-19.
- virology : COVID-19.
- Adult, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Propensity Score, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Young Adult.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS
Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. After propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate analysis was conducted to determine statistically significant risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding.
RESULTS
Overall, 4197 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were included. Patients were categorized into three groups: LPV/r (n = 1268), HCQ (n = 801), and standard care without HCQ or LPV/r (controls, n = 2128). The median viral shedding duration was 23 (IQR 17-32), 23 (IQR 16-32), and 18 (IQR 12-25) days in the LPV/r, HCQ, and control groups, respectively. Even after PSM, the viral shedding duration was not significantly different between LPV/r and HCQ groups: 23 (IQR, 17-32) days versus 23 (IQR, 16-32) days. On multivariate analysis, old age, malignancy, steroid use, and concomitant pneumonia were statistically significant risk factors for prolonged viral shedding.
CONCLUSION
The viral shedding duration was similar between HCQ and LPV/r treatment groups. There was no benefit in improving viral clearance compared to the control group.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.062
PubMed: 33127507
PubMed Central: PMC7590837
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33127507Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study.</title><author><name sortKey="Choi, Min Joo" sort="Choi, Min Joo" uniqKey="Choi M" first="Min Joo" last="Choi">Min Joo Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Minsun" sort="Kang, Minsun" uniqKey="Kang M" first="Minsun" last="Kang">Minsun Kang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, So Youn" sort="Shin, So Youn" uniqKey="Shin S" first="So Youn" last="Shin">So Youn Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noh, Ji Yun" sort="Noh, Ji Yun" uniqKey="Noh J" first="Ji Yun" last="Noh">Ji Yun Noh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheong, Hee Jin" sort="Cheong, Hee Jin" uniqKey="Cheong H" first="Hee Jin" last="Cheong">Hee Jin Cheong</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Woo Joo" sort="Kim, Woo Joo" uniqKey="Kim W" first="Woo Joo" last="Kim">Woo Joo Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Jaehun" sort="Jung, Jaehun" uniqKey="Jung J" first="Jaehun" last="Jung">Jaehun Jung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eastside1st@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Joon Young" sort="Song, Joon Young" uniqKey="Song J" first="Joon Young" last="Song">Joon Young Song</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 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Electronic address: eastside1st@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Joon Young" sort="Song, Joon Young" uniqKey="Song J" first="Joon Young" last="Song">Joon Young Song</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: infection@korea.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1878-3511</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term><term>COVID-19 (virology)</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Lopinavir (administration & dosage)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Propensity Score (MeSH)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Ritonavir (administration & dosage)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Virus Shedding (drug effects)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Virus Shedding</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Propensity Score</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>We aimed to compare the antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in patients with COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. After propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate analysis was conducted to determine statistically significant risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Overall, 4197 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were included. Patients were categorized into three groups: LPV/r (n = 1268), HCQ (n = 801), and standard care without HCQ or LPV/r (controls, n = 2128). The median viral shedding duration was 23 (IQR 17-32), 23 (IQR 16-32), and 18 (IQR 12-25) days in the LPV/r, HCQ, and control groups, respectively. Even after PSM, the viral shedding duration was not significantly different between LPV/r and HCQ groups: 23 (IQR, 17-32) days versus 23 (IQR, 16-32) days. On multivariate analysis, old age, malignancy, steroid use, and concomitant pneumonia were statistically significant risk factors for prolonged viral shedding.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>The viral shedding duration was similar between HCQ and LPV/r treatment groups. There was no benefit in improving viral clearance compared to the control group.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33127507</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>14</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-3511</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>102</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>275-281</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1201-9712(20)32266-9</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.062</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">We aimed to compare the antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in patients with COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. After propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate analysis was conducted to determine statistically significant risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Overall, 4197 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were included. Patients were categorized into three groups: LPV/r (n = 1268), HCQ (n = 801), and standard care without HCQ or LPV/r (controls, n = 2128). The median viral shedding duration was 23 (IQR 17-32), 23 (IQR 16-32), and 18 (IQR 12-25) days in the LPV/r, HCQ, and control groups, respectively. Even after PSM, the viral shedding duration was not significantly different between LPV/r and HCQ groups: 23 (IQR, 17-32) days versus 23 (IQR, 16-32) days. On multivariate analysis, old age, malignancy, steroid use, and concomitant pneumonia were statistically significant risk factors for prolonged viral shedding.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The viral shedding duration was similar between HCQ and LPV/r treatment groups. There was no benefit in improving viral clearance compared to the control group.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Choi</LastName><ForeName>Min Joo</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kang</LastName><ForeName>Minsun</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shin</LastName><ForeName>So Youn</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Noh</LastName><ForeName>Ji Yun</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cheong</LastName><ForeName>Hee Jin</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Woo Joo</ForeName><Initials>WJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jung</LastName><ForeName>Jaehun</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Artificial Intelligence and Big-Data Convergence Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eastside1st@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Song</LastName><ForeName>Joon Young</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: infection@korea.ac.kr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Canada</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9610933</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1201-9712</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>2494G1JF75</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D061466">Lopinavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>O3J8G9O825</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019438">Ritonavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004359" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Therapy, Combination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D061466" MajorTopicYN="N">Lopinavir</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057216" MajorTopicYN="Y">Propensity Score</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019438" MajorTopicYN="N">Ritonavir</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017201" MajorTopicYN="N">Virus Shedding</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lopinavir</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ritonavir</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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