Population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era: insights from Google Trends.
Identifieur interne : 000912 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000911; suivant : 000913Population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era: insights from Google Trends.
Auteurs : Sinan Karde ; Ali Suat Kuzu ; Haig Pakhchanian ; Rahul Raiker ; Mine KaragülleSource :
- Clinical rheumatology [ 1434-9949 ] ; 2021.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antirheumatic Agents.
- COVID-19, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
The general public may utilize online information through search engines for implications and risks of some anti-rheumatic drugs. These drugs have been used in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated inflammatory sequelae or cytokine storm of infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs during the COVID-19 era, by analyzing changes in Google search frequency data.
METHOD
To obtain the relative search volume (RSV) of anti-rheumatic drugs, we queried Google Trends for 78 search terms representing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, antigout agents, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants, biologics, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors within the USA. Three 8-week periods in 2020 (March 15-May 9), (May 10-July 4), and (July 5-August 29) representing the initial- and short-term periods were compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years (2017-2019).
RESULTS
We found statistically significant increases in RSV for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab (and its brand name-Actemra), and anakinra, and statistically significant decreases among brand names of immunosuppressive agents (i.e., mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, cyclosporine) during both the initial- and short-term COVID-19 periods as compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years.
CONCLUSION
There were significant increases in RSV of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra during both initial- and short-term COVID-19 periods when compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years reflecting a heightened level of information-seeking on these drugs during the pandemic. Rheumatologists should address this increase in informational demand. Further research assessing medium- and long-term interest in anti-rheumatic drugs is required to increase our knowledge on this new pandemic. Key Points •This study was aimed to investigate the population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era, by analyzing changes in Google search frequency data. •Significant increases were seen in relative searches for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra during both initial and short-term COVID-19 periods when compared to similar periods of 2017-2019 reflecting a heightened level of information-seeking on these drugs during the pandemic. •Rheumatologists should address this increase in informational demand for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra.
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05490-w
PubMed: 33130946
PubMed Central: PMC7603411
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33130946Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era: insights from Google Trends.</title><author><name sortKey="Karde, Sinan" sort="Karde, Sinan" uniqKey="Karde S" first="Sinan" last="Karde">Sinan Karde</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. sinan.kardes@istanbul.edu.tr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuzu, Ali Suat" sort="Kuzu, Ali Suat" uniqKey="Kuzu A" first="Ali Suat" last="Kuzu">Ali Suat Kuzu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakhchanian, Haig" sort="Pakhchanian, Haig" uniqKey="Pakhchanian H" first="Haig" last="Pakhchanian">Haig Pakhchanian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Science, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raiker, Rahul" sort="Raiker, Rahul" uniqKey="Raiker R" first="Rahul" last="Raiker">Rahul Raiker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karagulle, Mine" sort="Karagulle, Mine" uniqKey="Karagulle M" first="Mine" last="Karagülle">Mine Karagülle</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33130946</idno><idno type="pmid">33130946</idno><idno 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Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakhchanian, Haig" sort="Pakhchanian, Haig" uniqKey="Pakhchanian H" first="Haig" last="Pakhchanian">Haig Pakhchanian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Science, Washington, DC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raiker, Rahul" sort="Raiker, Rahul" uniqKey="Raiker R" first="Rahul" last="Raiker">Rahul Raiker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karagulle, Mine" sort="Karagulle, Mine" uniqKey="Karagulle M" first="Mine" last="Karagülle">Mine Karagülle</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical rheumatology</title><idno type="eISSN">1434-9949</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antirheumatic Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antirheumatic Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>The general public may utilize online information through search engines for implications and risks of some anti-rheumatic drugs. These drugs have been used in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated inflammatory sequelae or cytokine storm of infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs during the COVID-19 era, by analyzing changes in Google search frequency data.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHOD</b></p><p>To obtain the relative search volume (RSV) of anti-rheumatic drugs, we queried Google Trends for 78 search terms representing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, antigout agents, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants, biologics, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors within the USA. Three 8-week periods in 2020 (March 15-May 9), (May 10-July 4), and (July 5-August 29) representing the initial- and short-term periods were compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years (2017-2019).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>We found statistically significant increases in RSV for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab (and its brand name-Actemra), and anakinra, and statistically significant decreases among brand names of immunosuppressive agents (i.e., mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, cyclosporine) during both the initial- and short-term COVID-19 periods as compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>There were significant increases in RSV of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra during both initial- and short-term COVID-19 periods when compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years reflecting a heightened level of information-seeking on these drugs during the pandemic. Rheumatologists should address this increase in informational demand. Further research assessing medium- and long-term interest in anti-rheumatic drugs is required to increase our knowledge on this new pandemic. Key Points •This study was aimed to investigate the population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era, by analyzing changes in Google search frequency data. •Significant increases were seen in relative searches for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra during both initial and short-term COVID-19 periods when compared to similar periods of 2017-2019 reflecting a heightened level of information-seeking on these drugs during the pandemic. •Rheumatologists should address this increase in informational demand for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33130946</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>14</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1434-9949</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Clinical rheumatology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Clin Rheumatol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era: insights from Google Trends.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>2047-2055</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s10067-020-05490-w</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The general public may utilize online information through search engines for implications and risks of some anti-rheumatic drugs. These drugs have been used in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated inflammatory sequelae or cytokine storm of infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs during the COVID-19 era, by analyzing changes in Google search frequency data.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHOD" NlmCategory="METHODS">To obtain the relative search volume (RSV) of anti-rheumatic drugs, we queried Google Trends for 78 search terms representing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, antigout agents, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants, biologics, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors within the USA. Three 8-week periods in 2020 (March 15-May 9), (May 10-July 4), and (July 5-August 29) representing the initial- and short-term periods were compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years (2017-2019).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">We found statistically significant increases in RSV for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab (and its brand name-Actemra), and anakinra, and statistically significant decreases among brand names of immunosuppressive agents (i.e., mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, cyclosporine) during both the initial- and short-term COVID-19 periods as compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">There were significant increases in RSV of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra during both initial- and short-term COVID-19 periods when compared to overlapping periods of the preceding 3 years reflecting a heightened level of information-seeking on these drugs during the pandemic. Rheumatologists should address this increase in informational demand. Further research assessing medium- and long-term interest in anti-rheumatic drugs is required to increase our knowledge on this new pandemic. Key Points •This study was aimed to investigate the population-level interest in anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 era, by analyzing changes in Google search frequency data. •Significant increases were seen in relative searches for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra during both initial and short-term COVID-19 periods when compared to similar periods of 2017-2019 reflecting a heightened level of information-seeking on these drugs during the pandemic. •Rheumatologists should address this increase in informational demand for colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and anakinra.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kardeş</LastName><ForeName>Sinan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-8634</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. sinan.kardes@istanbul.edu.tr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kuzu</LastName><ForeName>Ali Suat</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-2180</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pakhchanian</LastName><ForeName>Haig</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8790-9991</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Science, Washington, DC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raiker</LastName><ForeName>Rahul</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-3235</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karagülle</LastName><ForeName>Mine</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-970X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>31</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Clin Rheumatol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8211469</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0770-3198</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D018501">Antirheumatic Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018501" MajorTopicYN="Y">Antirheumatic Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Anakinra</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Colchicine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Google search</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Internet</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Tocilizumab</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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