Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.
Identifieur interne : 000873 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000872; suivant : 000874Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.
Auteurs : Imad M. Tleyjeh ; Zakariya Kashour ; Oweida Aldosary ; Muhammad Riaz ; Haytham Tlayjeh ; Musa A. Garbati ; Rana Tleyjeh ; Mouaz H. Al-Mallah ; M Rizwan Sohail ; Dana Gerberi ; Aref A. Bin Abdulhak ; John R. Giudicessi ; Michael J. Ackerman ; Tarek KashourSource :
- Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes [ 2542-4548 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
Objective
To systematically review the literature and to estimate the risk of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) cardiac toxicity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
We searched multiple data sources including PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid EBM Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science and medrxiv.org from November 2019 through May 27, 2020. We included studies that enrolled patients with COVID-19 treated with CQ or HCQ, with or without azithromycin, and reported on cardiac toxic effects. We performed a meta-analysis using the arcsine transformation of the different incidences.
Results
A total of 19 studies with a total of 5652 patients were included. The pooled incidence of torsades de pointes arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest was 3 per 1000 (95% CI, 0-21;
Conclusion
Treatment of patients with COVID-19 with CQ or HCQ is associated with an important risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and relatively higher incidence of torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest. Therefore, these agents should not be used routinely in the management of COVID-19 disease. Patients with COVID-19 who are treated with antimalarials for other indications should be adequately monitored.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.005
PubMed: 33163895
PubMed Central: PMC7605861
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33163895Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Tleyjeh, Imad M" sort="Tleyjeh, Imad M" uniqKey="Tleyjeh I" first="Imad M" last="Tleyjeh">Imad M. Tleyjeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kashour, Zakariya" sort="Kashour, Zakariya" uniqKey="Kashour Z" first="Zakariya" last="Kashour">Zakariya Kashour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aldosary, Oweida" sort="Aldosary, Oweida" uniqKey="Aldosary O" first="Oweida" last="Aldosary">Oweida Aldosary</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riaz, Muhammad" sort="Riaz, Muhammad" uniqKey="Riaz M" first="Muhammad" last="Riaz">Muhammad Riaz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Statistics, Quaid Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tlayjeh, Haytham" sort="Tlayjeh, Haytham" uniqKey="Tlayjeh H" first="Haytham" last="Tlayjeh">Haytham Tlayjeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garbati, Musa A" sort="Garbati, Musa A" uniqKey="Garbati M" first="Musa A" last="Garbati">Musa A. Garbati</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tleyjeh, Rana" sort="Tleyjeh, Rana" uniqKey="Tleyjeh R" first="Rana" last="Tleyjeh">Rana Tleyjeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Mallah, Mouaz H" sort="Al Mallah, Mouaz H" uniqKey="Al Mallah M" first="Mouaz H" last="Al-Mallah">Mouaz H. Al-Mallah</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sohail, M Rizwan" sort="Sohail, M Rizwan" uniqKey="Sohail M" first="M Rizwan" last="Sohail">M Rizwan Sohail</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerberi, Dana" sort="Gerberi, Dana" uniqKey="Gerberi D" first="Dana" last="Gerberi">Dana Gerberi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bin Abdulhak, Aref A" sort="Bin Abdulhak, Aref A" uniqKey="Bin Abdulhak A" first="Aref A" last="Bin Abdulhak">Aref A. Bin Abdulhak</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giudicessi, John R" sort="Giudicessi, John R" uniqKey="Giudicessi J" first="John R" last="Giudicessi">John R. Giudicessi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ackerman, Michael J" sort="Ackerman, Michael J" uniqKey="Ackerman M" first="Michael J" last="Ackerman">Michael J. Ackerman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kashour, Tarek" sort="Kashour, Tarek" uniqKey="Kashour T" first="Tarek" last="Kashour">Tarek Kashour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33163895</idno><idno type="pmid">33163895</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.005</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7605861</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000873</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000873</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Tleyjeh, Imad M" sort="Tleyjeh, Imad M" uniqKey="Tleyjeh I" first="Imad M" last="Tleyjeh">Imad M. Tleyjeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kashour, Zakariya" sort="Kashour, Zakariya" uniqKey="Kashour Z" first="Zakariya" last="Kashour">Zakariya Kashour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aldosary, Oweida" sort="Aldosary, Oweida" uniqKey="Aldosary O" first="Oweida" last="Aldosary">Oweida Aldosary</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riaz, Muhammad" sort="Riaz, Muhammad" uniqKey="Riaz M" first="Muhammad" last="Riaz">Muhammad Riaz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Statistics, Quaid Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tlayjeh, Haytham" sort="Tlayjeh, Haytham" uniqKey="Tlayjeh H" first="Haytham" last="Tlayjeh">Haytham Tlayjeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garbati, Musa A" sort="Garbati, Musa A" uniqKey="Garbati M" first="Musa A" last="Garbati">Musa A. Garbati</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tleyjeh, Rana" sort="Tleyjeh, Rana" uniqKey="Tleyjeh R" first="Rana" last="Tleyjeh">Rana Tleyjeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Mallah, Mouaz H" sort="Al Mallah, Mouaz H" uniqKey="Al Mallah M" first="Mouaz H" last="Al-Mallah">Mouaz H. Al-Mallah</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sohail, M Rizwan" sort="Sohail, M Rizwan" uniqKey="Sohail M" first="M Rizwan" last="Sohail">M Rizwan Sohail</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerberi, Dana" sort="Gerberi, Dana" uniqKey="Gerberi D" first="Dana" last="Gerberi">Dana Gerberi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bin Abdulhak, Aref A" sort="Bin Abdulhak, Aref A" uniqKey="Bin Abdulhak A" first="Aref A" last="Bin Abdulhak">Aref A. Bin Abdulhak</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giudicessi, John R" sort="Giudicessi, John R" uniqKey="Giudicessi J" first="John R" last="Giudicessi">John R. Giudicessi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ackerman, Michael J" sort="Ackerman, Michael J" uniqKey="Ackerman M" first="Michael J" last="Ackerman">Michael J. Ackerman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kashour, Tarek" sort="Kashour, Tarek" uniqKey="Kashour T" first="Tarek" last="Kashour">Tarek Kashour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes</title><idno type="eISSN">2542-4548</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Objective</b></p><p>To systematically review the literature and to estimate the risk of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) cardiac toxicity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Methods</b></p><p>We searched multiple data sources including PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid EBM Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science and medrxiv.org from November 2019 through May 27, 2020. We included studies that enrolled patients with COVID-19 treated with CQ or HCQ, with or without azithromycin, and reported on cardiac toxic effects. We performed a meta-analysis using the arcsine transformation of the different incidences.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Results</b></p><p>A total of 19 studies with a total of 5652 patients were included. The pooled incidence of torsades de pointes arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest was 3 per 1000 (95% CI, 0-21; </p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>Treatment of patients with COVID-19 with CQ or HCQ is associated with an important risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and relatively higher incidence of torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest. Therefore, these agents should not be used routinely in the management of COVID-19 disease. Patients with COVID-19 who are treated with antimalarials for other indications should be adequately monitored.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33163895</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2542-4548</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>5</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Feb</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>137-150</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.005</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="Objective" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">To systematically review the literature and to estimate the risk of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) cardiac toxicity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Methods" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">We searched multiple data sources including PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid EBM Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science and medrxiv.org from November 2019 through May 27, 2020. We included studies that enrolled patients with COVID-19 treated with CQ or HCQ, with or without azithromycin, and reported on cardiac toxic effects. We performed a meta-analysis using the arcsine transformation of the different incidences.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Results" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">A total of 19 studies with a total of 5652 patients were included. The pooled incidence of torsades de pointes arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest was 3 per 1000 (95% CI, 0-21; <i>I</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> =96%) in 18 studies with 3725 patients. Among 13 studies of 4334 patients, the pooled incidence of discontinuation of CQ or HCQ due to prolonged QTc or arrhythmias was 5% (95% CI, 1-11; <i>I</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> =98%). The pooled incidence of change in QTc from baseline of 60 milliseconds or more or QTc of 500 milliseconds or more was 9% (95% CI, 3-17; <i>I</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> =97%). Mean or median age, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, concomitant QT-prolonging medications, intensive care unit admission, and severity of illness in the study populations explained between-studies heterogeneity.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="Conclusion" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Treatment of patients with COVID-19 with CQ or HCQ is associated with an important risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and relatively higher incidence of torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest. Therefore, these agents should not be used routinely in the management of COVID-19 disease. Patients with COVID-19 who are treated with antimalarials for other indications should be adequately monitored.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tleyjeh</LastName><ForeName>Imad M</ForeName><Initials>IM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kashour</LastName><ForeName>Zakariya</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>AlDosary</LastName><ForeName>Oweida</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Riaz</LastName><ForeName>Muhammad</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Statistics, Quaid Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tlayjeh</LastName><ForeName>Haytham</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garbati</LastName><ForeName>Musa A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tleyjeh</LastName><ForeName>Rana</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Mallah</LastName><ForeName>Mouaz H</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sohail</LastName><ForeName>M Rizwan</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gerberi</LastName><ForeName>Dana</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bin Abdulhak</LastName><ForeName>Aref A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giudicessi</LastName><ForeName>John R</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ackerman</LastName><ForeName>Michael J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kashour</LastName><ForeName>Tarek</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101728275</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2542-4548</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">CAD, coronary artery disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">CQ, chloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">DM, diabetes mellitus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">HCQ, hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ICU, intensive care unit</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">TdP, torsades de pointes</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>35</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33163895</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.005</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2542-4548(20)30205-8</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7605861</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
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