Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Across the Lifespan: The Experience of an Academic Congenital Heart Disease Center in New York City.
Identifieur interne : 000823 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000822; suivant : 000824Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Across the Lifespan: The Experience of an Academic Congenital Heart Disease Center in New York City.
Auteurs : Matthew J. Lewis ; Brett R. Anderson ; Michael Fremed ; Melissa Argenio ; Usha Krishnan ; Rachel Weller ; Stéphanie Levasseur ; Robert Sommer ; Irene D. Lytrivi ; Emile A. Bacha ; Julie Vincent ; Wendy K. Chung ; Erika B. Rosenzweig ; Thomas J. Starc ; Marlon RosenbaumSource :
- Journal of the American Heart Association [ 2047-9980 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Academic Medical Centers (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Azithromycin (therapeutic use), COVID-19 (complications), COVID-19 (therapy), Cohort Studies (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Genetic Diseases, Inborn (complications), Heart Defects, Congenital (classification), Heart Defects, Congenital (complications), Hospitalization (statistics & numerical data), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Intubation, Intratracheal (statistics & numerical data), Male (MeSH), New York City (MeSH), Oxygen Inhalation Therapy (statistics & numerical data), Retrospective Studies (MeSH), Severity of Illness Index (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine.
- geographic : New York City.
- classification : Heart Defects, Congenital.
- complications : COVID-19, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Heart Defects, Congenital.
- statistics & numerical data : Hospitalization, Intubation, Intratracheal, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy.
- therapy : COVID-19.
- Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult.
Abstract
Background We sought to assess the impact and predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and severity in a cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) at a large CHD center in New York City. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective review of all individuals with CHD followed at Columbia University Irving Medical Center who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2020. The primary end point was moderate/severe response to COVID-19 infection defined as (1) death during COVID-19 infection; or (2) need for hospitalization and/or respiratory support secondary to COVID-19 infection. Among 53 COVID-19-positive patients with CHD, 10 (19%) were <18 years of age (median age 34 years of age). Thirty-one (58%) had complex congenital anatomy including 10 (19%) with a Fontan repair. Eight (15%) had a genetic syndrome, 6 (11%) had pulmonary hypertension, and 9 (17%) were obese. Among adults, 18 (41%) were physiologic class C or D. For the entire cohort, 9 (17%) had a moderate/severe infection, including 3 deaths (6%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, the presence of a genetic syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 35.82; P=0.0002), and in adults, physiological Stage C or D (OR, 19.38; P=0.002) were significantly associated with moderate/severe infection. Conclusions At our CHD center, the number of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 was relatively low. Patients with CHD with a genetic syndrome and adults at advanced physiological stage were at highest risk for moderate/severe infection.
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017580
PubMed: 33196343
PubMed Central: PMC7763774
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33196343Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Across the Lifespan: The Experience of an Academic Congenital Heart Disease Center in New York City.</title><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Matthew J" sort="Lewis, Matthew J" uniqKey="Lewis M" first="Matthew J" last="Lewis">Matthew J. Lewis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Brett R" sort="Anderson, Brett R" uniqKey="Anderson B" first="Brett R" last="Anderson">Brett R. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fremed, Michael" sort="Fremed, Michael" uniqKey="Fremed M" first="Michael" last="Fremed">Michael Fremed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Argenio, Melissa" sort="Argenio, Melissa" uniqKey="Argenio M" first="Melissa" last="Argenio">Melissa Argenio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishnan, Usha" sort="Krishnan, Usha" uniqKey="Krishnan U" first="Usha" last="Krishnan">Usha Krishnan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weller, Rachel" sort="Weller, Rachel" uniqKey="Weller R" first="Rachel" last="Weller">Rachel Weller</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Stephanie" sort="Levasseur, Stephanie" uniqKey="Levasseur S" first="Stéphanie" last="Levasseur">Stéphanie Levasseur</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sommer, Robert" sort="Sommer, Robert" uniqKey="Sommer R" first="Robert" last="Sommer">Robert Sommer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lytrivi, Irene D" sort="Lytrivi, Irene D" uniqKey="Lytrivi I" first="Irene D" last="Lytrivi">Irene D. Lytrivi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bacha, Emile A" sort="Bacha, Emile A" uniqKey="Bacha E" first="Emile A" last="Bacha">Emile A. Bacha</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Julie" sort="Vincent, Julie" uniqKey="Vincent J" first="Julie" last="Vincent">Julie Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Wendy K" sort="Chung, Wendy K" uniqKey="Chung W" first="Wendy K" last="Chung">Wendy K. Chung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenzweig, Erika B" sort="Rosenzweig, Erika B" uniqKey="Rosenzweig E" first="Erika B" last="Rosenzweig">Erika B. Rosenzweig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starc, Thomas J" sort="Starc, Thomas J" uniqKey="Starc T" first="Thomas J" last="Starc">Thomas J. Starc</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenbaum, Marlon" sort="Rosenbaum, Marlon" uniqKey="Rosenbaum M" first="Marlon" last="Rosenbaum">Marlon Rosenbaum</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33196343</idno><idno type="pmid">33196343</idno><idno type="doi">10.1161/JAHA.120.017580</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7763774</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000823</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000823</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Across the Lifespan: The Experience of an Academic Congenital Heart Disease Center in New York City.</title><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Matthew J" sort="Lewis, Matthew J" uniqKey="Lewis M" first="Matthew J" last="Lewis">Matthew J. Lewis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Brett R" sort="Anderson, Brett R" uniqKey="Anderson B" first="Brett R" last="Anderson">Brett R. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fremed, Michael" sort="Fremed, Michael" uniqKey="Fremed M" first="Michael" last="Fremed">Michael Fremed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Argenio, Melissa" sort="Argenio, Melissa" uniqKey="Argenio M" first="Melissa" last="Argenio">Melissa Argenio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishnan, Usha" sort="Krishnan, Usha" uniqKey="Krishnan U" first="Usha" last="Krishnan">Usha Krishnan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weller, Rachel" sort="Weller, Rachel" uniqKey="Weller R" first="Rachel" last="Weller">Rachel Weller</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, Stephanie" sort="Levasseur, Stephanie" uniqKey="Levasseur S" first="Stéphanie" last="Levasseur">Stéphanie Levasseur</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sommer, Robert" sort="Sommer, Robert" uniqKey="Sommer R" first="Robert" last="Sommer">Robert Sommer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lytrivi, Irene D" sort="Lytrivi, Irene D" uniqKey="Lytrivi I" first="Irene D" last="Lytrivi">Irene D. Lytrivi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bacha, Emile A" sort="Bacha, Emile A" uniqKey="Bacha E" first="Emile A" last="Bacha">Emile A. Bacha</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Julie" sort="Vincent, Julie" uniqKey="Vincent J" first="Julie" last="Vincent">Julie Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Wendy K" sort="Chung, Wendy K" uniqKey="Chung W" first="Wendy K" last="Chung">Wendy K. Chung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenzweig, Erika B" sort="Rosenzweig, Erika B" uniqKey="Rosenzweig E" first="Erika B" last="Rosenzweig">Erika B. Rosenzweig</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starc, Thomas J" sort="Starc, Thomas J" uniqKey="Starc T" first="Thomas J" last="Starc">Thomas J. Starc</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenbaum, Marlon" sort="Rosenbaum, Marlon" uniqKey="Rosenbaum M" first="Marlon" last="Rosenbaum">Marlon Rosenbaum</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the American Heart Association</title><idno type="eISSN">2047-9980</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Academic Medical Centers (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (complications)</term><term>COVID-19 (therapy)</term><term>Cohort Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Genetic Diseases, Inborn (complications)</term><term>Heart Defects, Congenital (classification)</term><term>Heart Defects, Congenital (complications)</term><term>Hospitalization (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Intubation, Intratracheal (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>New York City (MeSH)</term><term>Oxygen Inhalation Therapy (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Retrospective Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Severity of Illness Index (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>New York City</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Heart Defects, Congenital</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Genetic Diseases, Inborn</term><term>Heart Defects, Congenital</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Hospitalization</term><term>Intubation, Intratracheal</term><term>Oxygen Inhalation Therapy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Academic Medical Centers</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Cohort Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Retrospective Studies</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background We sought to assess the impact and predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and severity in a cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) at a large CHD center in New York City. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective review of all individuals with CHD followed at Columbia University Irving Medical Center who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2020. The primary end point was moderate/severe response to COVID-19 infection defined as (1) death during COVID-19 infection; or (2) need for hospitalization and/or respiratory support secondary to COVID-19 infection. Among 53 COVID-19-positive patients with CHD, 10 (19%) were <18 years of age (median age 34 years of age). Thirty-one (58%) had complex congenital anatomy including 10 (19%) with a Fontan repair. Eight (15%) had a genetic syndrome, 6 (11%) had pulmonary hypertension, and 9 (17%) were obese. Among adults, 18 (41%) were physiologic class C or D. For the entire cohort, 9 (17%) had a moderate/severe infection, including 3 deaths (6%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, the presence of a genetic syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 35.82; <i>P</i>=0.0002), and in adults, physiological Stage C or D (OR, 19.38; <i>P</i>=0.002) were significantly associated with moderate/severe infection. Conclusions At our CHD center, the number of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 was relatively low. Patients with CHD with a genetic syndrome and adults at advanced physiological stage were at highest risk for moderate/severe infection.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33196343</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2047-9980</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>9</Volume><Issue>23</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of the American Heart Association</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Am Heart Assoc</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Across the Lifespan: The Experience of an Academic Congenital Heart Disease Center in New York City.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e017580</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1161/JAHA.120.017580</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Background We sought to assess the impact and predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and severity in a cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) at a large CHD center in New York City. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective review of all individuals with CHD followed at Columbia University Irving Medical Center who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2020. The primary end point was moderate/severe response to COVID-19 infection defined as (1) death during COVID-19 infection; or (2) need for hospitalization and/or respiratory support secondary to COVID-19 infection. Among 53 COVID-19-positive patients with CHD, 10 (19%) were <18 years of age (median age 34 years of age). Thirty-one (58%) had complex congenital anatomy including 10 (19%) with a Fontan repair. Eight (15%) had a genetic syndrome, 6 (11%) had pulmonary hypertension, and 9 (17%) were obese. Among adults, 18 (41%) were physiologic class C or D. For the entire cohort, 9 (17%) had a moderate/severe infection, including 3 deaths (6%). After correcting for multiple comparisons, the presence of a genetic syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 35.82; <i>P</i>=0.0002), and in adults, physiological Stage C or D (OR, 19.38; <i>P</i>=0.002) were significantly associated with moderate/severe infection. Conclusions At our CHD center, the number of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 was relatively low. Patients with CHD with a genetic syndrome and adults at advanced physiological stage were at highest risk for moderate/severe infection.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lewis</LastName><ForeName>Matthew J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>Brett R</ForeName><Initials>BR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fremed</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Argenio</LastName><ForeName>Melissa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krishnan</LastName><ForeName>Usha</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weller</LastName><ForeName>Rachel</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Levasseur</LastName><ForeName>Stéphanie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sommer</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lytrivi</LastName><ForeName>Irene D</ForeName><Initials>ID</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bacha</LastName><ForeName>Emile A</ForeName><Initials>EA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vincent</LastName><ForeName>Julie</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chung</LastName><ForeName>Wendy K</ForeName><Initials>WK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenzweig</LastName><ForeName>Erika B</ForeName><Initials>EB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Starc</LastName><ForeName>Thomas J</ForeName><Initials>TJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenbaum</LastName><ForeName>Marlon</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>CUIMC Pediatric/Adult Congenital Heart Research Collaborative ‡</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Am Heart Assoc</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101580524</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2047-9980</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000046" MajorTopicYN="N">Academic Medical Centers</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017963" MajorTopicYN="N">Azithromycin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015331" MajorTopicYN="N">Cohort Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D030342" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Diseases, Inborn</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006330" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Defects, Congenital</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006760" MajorTopicYN="N">Hospitalization</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007442" MajorTopicYN="N">Intubation, Intratracheal</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009519" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">New York City</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010102" MajorTopicYN="N">Oxygen Inhalation Therapy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName 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