Natural history of COVID-19 and therapeutic options.
Identifieur interne : 000612 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000611; suivant : 000613Natural history of COVID-19 and therapeutic options.
Auteurs : Philippe Gautret ; Matthieu Million ; Pierre-André Jarrot ; Laurence Camoin-Jau ; Philippe Colson ; Florence Fenollar ; Marc Leone ; Bernard La Scola ; Christian Devaux ; Jean Yves Gaubert ; Jean-Louis Mege ; Joana Vitte ; Cléa Melenotte ; Jean-Marc Rolain ; Philippe Parola ; Jean-Christophe Lagier ; Philippe Brouqui ; Didier RaoultSource :
- Expert review of clinical immunology [ 1744-8409 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents.
- blood : COVID-19.
- epidemiology : COVID-19.
- metabolism : SARS-CoV-2.
- therapy : COVID-19.
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index.
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 presents benign forms in young patients who frequently present with anosmia. Infants are rarely infected, while severe forms occur in patients over 65 years of age with comorbidities, including hypertension and diabetes. Lymphopenia, eosinopenia, thrombopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, C-reactive protein, D-dimers and low zinc levels are associated with severity.Areas covered: The authors review the literature and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the natural history of and therapeutic options for COVID-19. Expert opinion: Diagnosis should rely on PCR and not on clinical presumption. Because of discrepancies between clinical symptoms, oxygen saturation or radiological signs on CT scans, pulse oximetry, and radiological investigation should be systematic. The disease evolves in successive phases: an acute virological phase, and, in some patients, a cytokine storm phase; an uncontrolled coagulopathy; and an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapeutic options include antivirals, oxygen therapy, immunomodulators, anticoagulants and prolonged mechanical treatment. Early diagnosis, care, and implementation of an antiviral treatment; the use of immunomodulators at a later stage; and the quality of intensive care are critical regarding mortality rates. The higher mortality observed in Western countries remains unexplained. Pulmonary fibrosis may occur in some patients. Its future is unpredictable.
DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2021.1847640
PubMed: 33356661
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33356661Le document en format XML
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sort="Jarrot, Pierre Andre" uniqKey="Jarrot P" first="Pierre-André" last="Jarrot">Pierre-André Jarrot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Service De Médecine Interne, Hôpital De La Conception, APHM , France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camoin Jau, Laurence" sort="Camoin Jau, Laurence" uniqKey="Camoin Jau L" first="Laurence" last="Camoin-Jau">Laurence Camoin-Jau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital De La Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean- Moulin , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leone, Marc" sort="Leone, Marc" uniqKey="Leone M" first="Marc" last="Leone">Marc Leone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Service d'Anesthésie Et De Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, APHM , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Devaux, Christian" sort="Devaux, Christian" uniqKey="Devaux C" first="Christian" last="Devaux">Christian Devaux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CNRS , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaubert, Jean Yves" sort="Gaubert, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Gaubert J" first="Jean Yves" last="Gaubert">Jean Yves Gaubert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix Marseille Univ, LIIE , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mege, Jean Louis" sort="Mege, Jean Louis" uniqKey="Mege J" first="Jean-Louis" last="Mege">Jean-Louis Mege</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitte, Joana" sort="Vitte, Joana" uniqKey="Vitte J" first="Joana" last="Vitte">Joana Vitte</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melenotte, Clea" sort="Melenotte, Clea" uniqKey="Melenotte C" first="Cléa" last="Melenotte">Cléa Melenotte</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33356661</idno><idno type="pmid">33356661</idno><idno type="doi">10.1080/1744666X.2021.1847640</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000612</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000612</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Natural history of COVID-19 and therapeutic options.</title><author><name sortKey="Gautret, Philippe" sort="Gautret, Philippe" uniqKey="Gautret P" first="Philippe" last="Gautret">Philippe Gautret</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Million, Matthieu" sort="Million, Matthieu" uniqKey="Million M" first="Matthieu" last="Million">Matthieu Million</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarrot, Pierre Andre" sort="Jarrot, Pierre Andre" uniqKey="Jarrot P" first="Pierre-André" last="Jarrot">Pierre-André Jarrot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Service De Médecine Interne, Hôpital De La Conception, APHM , France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camoin Jau, Laurence" sort="Camoin Jau, Laurence" uniqKey="Camoin Jau L" first="Laurence" last="Camoin-Jau">Laurence Camoin-Jau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital De La Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean- Moulin , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colson, Philippe" sort="Colson, Philippe" uniqKey="Colson P" first="Philippe" last="Colson">Philippe Colson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fenollar, Florence" sort="Fenollar, Florence" uniqKey="Fenollar F" first="Florence" last="Fenollar">Florence Fenollar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leone, Marc" sort="Leone, Marc" uniqKey="Leone M" first="Marc" last="Leone">Marc Leone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Service d'Anesthésie Et De Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, APHM , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Devaux, Christian" sort="Devaux, Christian" uniqKey="Devaux C" first="Christian" last="Devaux">Christian Devaux</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CNRS , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaubert, Jean Yves" sort="Gaubert, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Gaubert J" first="Jean Yves" last="Gaubert">Jean Yves Gaubert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix Marseille Univ, LIIE , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mege, Jean Louis" sort="Mege, Jean Louis" uniqKey="Mege J" first="Jean-Louis" last="Mege">Jean-Louis Mege</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitte, Joana" sort="Vitte, Joana" uniqKey="Vitte J" first="Joana" last="Vitte">Joana Vitte</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melenotte, Clea" sort="Melenotte, Clea" uniqKey="Melenotte C" first="Cléa" last="Melenotte">Cléa Melenotte</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jean Marc" sort="Rolain, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Rolain J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Rolain">Jean-Marc Rolain</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parola, Philippe" sort="Parola, Philippe" uniqKey="Parola P" first="Philippe" last="Parola">Philippe Parola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagier, Jean Christophe" sort="Lagier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Lagier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Lagier">Jean-Christophe Lagier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouqui, Philippe" sort="Brouqui, Philippe" uniqKey="Brouqui P" first="Philippe" last="Brouqui">Philippe Brouqui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Expert review of clinical immunology</title><idno type="eISSN">1744-8409</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (blood)</term><term>COVID-19 (epidemiology)</term><term>COVID-19 (therapy)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (metabolism)</term><term>Severity of Illness Index (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Severity of Illness Index</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><b>Introduction</b>: COVID-19 presents benign forms in young patients who frequently present with anosmia. Infants are rarely infected, while severe forms occur in patients over 65 years of age with comorbidities, including hypertension and diabetes. Lymphopenia, eosinopenia, thrombopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, C-reactive protein, D-dimers and low zinc levels are associated with severity.<b>Areas covered</b>: The authors review the literature and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the natural history of and therapeutic options for COVID-19. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Diagnosis should rely on PCR and not on clinical presumption. Because of discrepancies between clinical symptoms, oxygen saturation or radiological signs on CT scans, pulse oximetry, and radiological investigation should be systematic. The disease evolves in successive phases: an acute virological phase, and, in some patients, a cytokine storm phase; an uncontrolled coagulopathy; and an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapeutic options include antivirals, oxygen therapy, immunomodulators, anticoagulants and prolonged mechanical treatment. Early diagnosis, care, and implementation of an antiviral treatment; the use of immunomodulators at a later stage; and the quality of intensive care are critical regarding mortality rates. The higher mortality observed in Western countries remains unexplained. Pulmonary fibrosis may occur in some patients. Its future is unpredictable.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33356661</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>15</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1744-8409</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><Issue>12</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Expert review of clinical immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Expert Rev Clin Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Natural history of COVID-19 and therapeutic options.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1159-1184</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1080/1744666X.2021.1847640</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText><b>Introduction</b>: COVID-19 presents benign forms in young patients who frequently present with anosmia. Infants are rarely infected, while severe forms occur in patients over 65 years of age with comorbidities, including hypertension and diabetes. Lymphopenia, eosinopenia, thrombopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, C-reactive protein, D-dimers and low zinc levels are associated with severity.<b>Areas covered</b>: The authors review the literature and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the natural history of and therapeutic options for COVID-19. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Diagnosis should rely on PCR and not on clinical presumption. Because of discrepancies between clinical symptoms, oxygen saturation or radiological signs on CT scans, pulse oximetry, and radiological investigation should be systematic. The disease evolves in successive phases: an acute virological phase, and, in some patients, a cytokine storm phase; an uncontrolled coagulopathy; and an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapeutic options include antivirals, oxygen therapy, immunomodulators, anticoagulants and prolonged mechanical treatment. Early diagnosis, care, and implementation of an antiviral treatment; the use of immunomodulators at a later stage; and the quality of intensive care are critical regarding mortality rates. The higher mortality observed in Western countries remains unexplained. Pulmonary fibrosis may occur in some patients. Its future is unpredictable.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gautret</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Million</LastName><ForeName>Matthieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jarrot</LastName><ForeName>Pierre-André</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Service De Médecine Interne, Hôpital De La Conception, APHM , France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camoin-Jau</LastName><ForeName>Laurence</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital De La Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean- Moulin , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Colson</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fenollar</LastName><ForeName>Florence</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leone</LastName><ForeName>Marc</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Service d'Anesthésie Et De Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, APHM , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>La Scola</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Devaux</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNRS , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gaubert</LastName><ForeName>Jean Yves</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Aix Marseille Univ, LIIE , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mege</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Louis</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vitte</LastName><ForeName>Joana</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melenotte</LastName><ForeName>Cléa</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rolain</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Marc</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parola</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Ssa, Vitrome, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lagier</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Christophe</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouqui</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raoult</LastName><ForeName>Didier</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ird, Ap-hm, Mephi, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Expert Rev Clin Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101271248</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1744-666X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012720" MajorTopicYN="N">Severity of Illness Index</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">azithromycin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">covid</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">humans</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">pathophysiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">remdesivir</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">tocilizumab</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">treatment</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>10</Hour><Minute>9</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33356661</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1080/1744666X.2021.1847640</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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