Safety and effectiveness of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19: a randomized open-label clinical trial.
Identifieur interne : 000351 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000350; suivant : 000352Safety and effectiveness of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19: a randomized open-label clinical trial.
Auteurs : Saeidreza Jamalimoghadamsiahkali ; Besharat Zarezade ; Sogol Koolaji ; Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi ; Abolfazl Zendehdel ; Mohammad Tabarestani ; Ehsan Sekhavati Moghadam ; Ladan Abbasian ; Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi ; Mohamadreza Salehi ; Malihe Hasannezhad ; Sara Ghaderkhani ; Mohsen Meidani ; Faeze Salahshour ; Fatemeh Jafari ; Navid Manafi ; Fereshteh GhiasvandSource :
- European journal of medical research [ 2047-783X ] ; 2021.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Ascorbic Acid (administration & dosage), Ascorbic Acid (therapeutic use), Body Temperature (MeSH), COVID-19 (drug therapy), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Intensive Care Units (MeSH), Length of Stay (MeSH), Lopinavir (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Oxygen (blood), Respiratory Distress Syndrome (drug therapy), Respiratory Distress Syndrome (virology), Ritonavir (therapeutic use), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Antiviral Agents, Ascorbic Acid.
- chemical , blood : Oxygen.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Ascorbic Acid, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- drug therapy : COVID-19, Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
- virology : Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
- Body Temperature, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient that functions as a key antioxidant and has been proven to be effective for boosting immunity. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of adding high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) to the regimens for patients with severe COVID-19 disease.
METHODS
An open-label, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The case and control treatment groups each consisted of 30 patients. The control group received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine and the case group received HDIVC (6 g daily) added to the same regimen.
RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to age and gender, laboratory results, and underlying diseases. The mean body temperature was significantly lower in the case group on the 3rd day of hospitalization (p = 0.001). Peripheral capillary oxygen saturations (SpO
CONCLUSIONS
We did not find significantly better outcomes in the group who were treated with HDIVC in addition to the main treatment regimen at discharge. Trial registration irct.ir (IRCT20200411047025N1), April 14, 2020.
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00490-1
PubMed: 33573699
PubMed Central: PMC7877333
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33573699Le document en format XML
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sort="Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali" uniqKey="Dehghan Manshadi S" first="Seyed Ali" last="Dehghan Manshadi">Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salehi, Mohamadreza" sort="Salehi, Mohamadreza" uniqKey="Salehi M" first="Mohamadreza" last="Salehi">Mohamadreza Salehi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hasannezhad, Malihe" sort="Hasannezhad, Malihe" uniqKey="Hasannezhad M" first="Malihe" last="Hasannezhad">Malihe Hasannezhad</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghaderkhani, Sara" sort="Ghaderkhani, Sara" uniqKey="Ghaderkhani S" first="Sara" last="Ghaderkhani">Sara Ghaderkhani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meidani, Mohsen" sort="Meidani, Mohsen" uniqKey="Meidani M" first="Mohsen" last="Meidani">Mohsen Meidani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salahshour, Faeze" sort="Salahshour, Faeze" uniqKey="Salahshour F" first="Faeze" last="Salahshour">Faeze Salahshour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jafari, Fatemeh" sort="Jafari, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Jafari F" first="Fatemeh" last="Jafari">Fatemeh Jafari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manafi, Navid" sort="Manafi, Navid" uniqKey="Manafi N" first="Navid" last="Manafi">Navid Manafi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghiasvand, Fereshteh" sort="Ghiasvand, Fereshteh" uniqKey="Ghiasvand F" first="Fereshteh" last="Ghiasvand">Fereshteh Ghiasvand</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Liver Transplantation Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran. ghiasvand_62@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33573699</idno><idno type="pmid">33573699</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s40001-021-00490-1</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7877333</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000351</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000351</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Safety and effectiveness of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19: a randomized open-label clinical trial.</title><author><name sortKey="Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Saeidreza" sort="Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Saeidreza" uniqKey="Jamalimoghadamsiahkali S" first="Saeidreza" last="Jamalimoghadamsiahkali">Saeidreza Jamalimoghadamsiahkali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziayian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarezade, Besharat" sort="Zarezade, Besharat" uniqKey="Zarezade B" first="Besharat" last="Zarezade">Besharat Zarezade</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koolaji, Sogol" sort="Koolaji, Sogol" uniqKey="Koolaji S" first="Sogol" last="Koolaji">Sogol Koolaji</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad" sort="Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad" uniqKey="Seyedalinaghi S" first="Seyedahmad" last="Seyedalinaghi">Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zendehdel, Abolfazl" sort="Zendehdel, Abolfazl" uniqKey="Zendehdel A" first="Abolfazl" last="Zendehdel">Abolfazl Zendehdel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Geriatric Department, Ziayian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabarestani, Mohammad" sort="Tabarestani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Tabarestani M" first="Mohammad" last="Tabarestani">Mohammad Tabarestani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sekhavati Moghadam, Ehsan" sort="Sekhavati Moghadam, Ehsan" uniqKey="Sekhavati Moghadam E" first="Ehsan" last="Sekhavati Moghadam">Ehsan Sekhavati Moghadam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Ziayian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abbasian, Ladan" sort="Abbasian, Ladan" uniqKey="Abbasian L" first="Ladan" last="Abbasian">Ladan Abbasian</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali" sort="Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali" uniqKey="Dehghan Manshadi S" first="Seyed Ali" last="Dehghan Manshadi">Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salehi, Mohamadreza" sort="Salehi, Mohamadreza" uniqKey="Salehi M" first="Mohamadreza" last="Salehi">Mohamadreza Salehi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hasannezhad, Malihe" sort="Hasannezhad, Malihe" uniqKey="Hasannezhad M" first="Malihe" last="Hasannezhad">Malihe Hasannezhad</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghaderkhani, Sara" sort="Ghaderkhani, Sara" uniqKey="Ghaderkhani S" first="Sara" last="Ghaderkhani">Sara Ghaderkhani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meidani, Mohsen" sort="Meidani, Mohsen" uniqKey="Meidani M" first="Mohsen" last="Meidani">Mohsen Meidani</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salahshour, Faeze" sort="Salahshour, Faeze" uniqKey="Salahshour F" first="Faeze" last="Salahshour">Faeze Salahshour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jafari, Fatemeh" sort="Jafari, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Jafari F" first="Fatemeh" last="Jafari">Fatemeh Jafari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manafi, Navid" sort="Manafi, Navid" uniqKey="Manafi N" first="Navid" last="Manafi">Navid Manafi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghiasvand, Fereshteh" sort="Ghiasvand, Fereshteh" uniqKey="Ghiasvand F" first="Fereshteh" last="Ghiasvand">Fereshteh Ghiasvand</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Liver Transplantation Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran. ghiasvand_62@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European journal of medical research</title><idno type="eISSN">2047-783X</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid (administration & dosage)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid (therapeutic use)</term><term>Body Temperature (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Intensive Care Units (MeSH)</term><term>Length of Stay (MeSH)</term><term>Lopinavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Oxygen (blood)</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome (drug therapy)</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome (virology)</term><term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Ascorbic Acid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Oxygen</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Ascorbic Acid</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Body Temperature</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Intensive Care Units</term><term>Length of Stay</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient that functions as a key antioxidant and has been proven to be effective for boosting immunity. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of adding high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) to the regimens for patients with severe COVID-19 disease.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>An open-label, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The case and control treatment groups each consisted of 30 patients. The control group received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine and the case group received HDIVC (6 g daily) added to the same regimen.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>There were no statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to age and gender, laboratory results, and underlying diseases. The mean body temperature was significantly lower in the case group on the 3rd day of hospitalization (p = 0.001). Peripheral capillary oxygen saturations (SpO</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>We did not find significantly better outcomes in the group who were treated with HDIVC in addition to the main treatment regimen at discharge. Trial registration irct.ir (IRCT20200411047025N1), April 14, 2020.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33573699</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2047-783X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>26</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Feb</Month><Day>11</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>European journal of medical research</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Eur J Med Res</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Safety and effectiveness of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19: a randomized open-label clinical trial.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>20</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s40001-021-00490-1</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient that functions as a key antioxidant and has been proven to be effective for boosting immunity. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of adding high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) to the regimens for patients with severe COVID-19 disease.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">An open-label, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The case and control treatment groups each consisted of 30 patients. The control group received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine and the case group received HDIVC (6 g daily) added to the same regimen.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">There were no statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to age and gender, laboratory results, and underlying diseases. The mean body temperature was significantly lower in the case group on the 3rd day of hospitalization (p = 0.001). Peripheral capillary oxygen saturations (SpO<sub>2</sub>) measured at the 3rd day of hospitalization was also higher in the case group receiving HDIVC (p = 0.014). The median length of hospitalization in the case group was significantly longer than the control group (8.5 days vs. 6.5 days) (p = 0.028). There was no significant difference in SpO<sub>2</sub> levels at discharge time, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and mortality between the two groups.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">We did not find significantly better outcomes in the group who were treated with HDIVC in addition to the main treatment regimen at discharge. Trial registration irct.ir (IRCT20200411047025N1), April 14, 2020.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>JamaliMoghadamSiahkali</LastName><ForeName>Saeidreza</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziayian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zarezade</LastName><ForeName>Besharat</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koolaji</LastName><ForeName>Sogol</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>SeyedAlinaghi</LastName><ForeName>SeyedAhmad</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zendehdel</LastName><ForeName>Abolfazl</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Geriatric Department, Ziayian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tabarestani</LastName><ForeName>Mohammad</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sekhavati Moghadam</LastName><ForeName>Ehsan</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Ziayian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abbasian</LastName><ForeName>Ladan</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dehghan Manshadi</LastName><ForeName>Seyed Ali</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salehi</LastName><ForeName>Mohamadreza</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hasannezhad</LastName><ForeName>Malihe</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghaderkhani</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meidani</LastName><ForeName>Mohsen</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salahshour</LastName><ForeName>Faeze</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jafari</LastName><ForeName>Fatemeh</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Manafi</LastName><ForeName>Navid</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghiasvand</LastName><ForeName>Fereshteh</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Liver Transplantation Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran. ghiasvand_62@yahoo.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>99-1-101-47277</GrantID><Agency>Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Eur J Med Res</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9517857</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0949-2321</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral 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