Assessment and management of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.
Identifieur interne : 000123 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000122; suivant : 000124Assessment and management of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.
Auteurs : Joshuan J. Barboza ; Diego Chambergo-Michilot ; Mariana Velasquez-Sotomayor ; Christian Silva-Rengifo ; Carlos Diaz-Arocutipa ; Jose Caballero-Alvarado ; Franko O. Garcia-Solorzano ; Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz ; Leonardo Albitres-Flores ; German Malaga ; Patricia Schlagenhauf ; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-MoralesSource :
- Travel medicine and infectious disease [ 1873-0442 ]
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Asymptomatic Infections (therapy), Azithromycin (therapeutic use), COVID-19 (diagnosis), COVID-19 (drug therapy), COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing (methods), Child (MeSH), Child, Preschool (MeSH), Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Hospitalization (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Infant (MeSH), Lopinavir (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods), Ritonavir (therapeutic use), SARS-CoV-2 (isolation & purification), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antiviral Agents, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Ritonavir.
- diagnosis : COVID-19.
- drug therapy : COVID-19.
- isolation & purification : SARS-CoV-2.
- methods : COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.
- therapy : Asymptomatic Infections.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 can be asymptomatic in a substantial proportion of patients. The assessment and management of these patients constitute a key element to stop dissemination.
AIM
To describe the assessment and treatment of asymptomatic infection in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.
METHODS
We searched five databases and search engines for preprints/preproofs, up to August 22, 2020. We included cohort, cross-sectional, and case series studies, reporting the assessment and management of asymptomatic individuals. We extracted data on total discharges with negative PCR, length of hospitalization, treatment, and number of patients who remained asymptomatic. A random-effects model with inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled prevalence.
RESULTS
41 studies (nine cross-sectional studies, five retrospective studies and 27 reports/case series; 647 asymptomatic individuals), were included, of which 47% were male (233/501). The age of patients was between 1month and 73 years. In patients who became symptomatic, length of hospitalization mean was 13.6 days (SD 6.4). Studies used lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine plus ritonavir/lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine with and without azithromycin, ribavirin plus interferon and interferon alfa. The proportion of individuals who remained asymptomatic was 91% (463/588 patients; 95%CI: 78.3%-98.7%); and asymptomatic individuals discharged with negative PCR was 86% (102/124 individuals; 95%CI: 58.4%-100%).
CONCLUSIONS
There is no standard treatment for asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals. There are no studies of adequate design to make this decision. It has been shown that most asymptomatic individuals who were followed have recovered, but this cannot be attributed to standard treatment.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102058
PubMed: 33838319
PubMed Central: PMC8025627
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33838319Le document en format XML
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Barboza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú; Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambergo Michilot, Diego" sort="Chambergo Michilot, Diego" uniqKey="Chambergo Michilot D" first="Diego" last="Chambergo-Michilot">Diego Chambergo-Michilot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasquez Sotomayor, Mariana" sort="Velasquez Sotomayor, Mariana" uniqKey="Velasquez Sotomayor M" first="Mariana" last="Velasquez-Sotomayor">Mariana Velasquez-Sotomayor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva Rengifo, Christian" sort="Silva Rengifo, Christian" uniqKey="Silva Rengifo C" first="Christian" last="Silva-Rengifo">Christian Silva-Rengifo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz Arocutipa, Carlos" sort="Diaz Arocutipa, Carlos" uniqKey="Diaz Arocutipa C" first="Carlos" last="Diaz-Arocutipa">Carlos Diaz-Arocutipa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caballero Alvarado, Jose" sort="Caballero Alvarado, Jose" uniqKey="Caballero Alvarado J" first="Jose" last="Caballero-Alvarado">Jose Caballero-Alvarado</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Solorzano, Franko O" sort="Garcia Solorzano, Franko O" uniqKey="Garcia Solorzano F" first="Franko O" last="Garcia-Solorzano">Franko O. Garcia-Solorzano</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alarcon Ruiz, Christoper A" sort="Alarcon Ruiz, Christoper A" uniqKey="Alarcon Ruiz C" first="Christoper A" last="Alarcon-Ruiz">Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albitres Flores, Leonardo" sort="Albitres Flores, Leonardo" uniqKey="Albitres Flores L" first="Leonardo" last="Albitres-Flores">Leonardo Albitres-Flores</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malaga, German" sort="Malaga, German" uniqKey="Malaga G" first="German" last="Malaga">German Malaga</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlagenhauf, Patricia" sort="Schlagenhauf, Patricia" uniqKey="Schlagenhauf P" first="Patricia" last="Schlagenhauf">Patricia Schlagenhauf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" sort="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Morales A" first="Alfonso J" last="Rodriguez-Morales">Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru; Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Electronic address: alfonso.rodriguez@uam.edu.co.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021 May-Jun</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33838319</idno><idno type="pmid">33838319</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102058</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC8025627</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000123</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000123</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Assessment and management of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.</title><author><name sortKey="Barboza, Joshuan J" sort="Barboza, Joshuan J" uniqKey="Barboza J" first="Joshuan J" last="Barboza">Joshuan J. Barboza</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú; Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambergo Michilot, Diego" sort="Chambergo Michilot, Diego" uniqKey="Chambergo Michilot D" first="Diego" last="Chambergo-Michilot">Diego Chambergo-Michilot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasquez Sotomayor, Mariana" sort="Velasquez Sotomayor, Mariana" uniqKey="Velasquez Sotomayor M" first="Mariana" last="Velasquez-Sotomayor">Mariana Velasquez-Sotomayor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva Rengifo, Christian" sort="Silva Rengifo, Christian" uniqKey="Silva Rengifo C" first="Christian" last="Silva-Rengifo">Christian Silva-Rengifo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz Arocutipa, Carlos" sort="Diaz Arocutipa, Carlos" uniqKey="Diaz Arocutipa C" first="Carlos" last="Diaz-Arocutipa">Carlos Diaz-Arocutipa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caballero Alvarado, Jose" sort="Caballero Alvarado, Jose" uniqKey="Caballero Alvarado J" first="Jose" last="Caballero-Alvarado">Jose Caballero-Alvarado</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Solorzano, Franko O" sort="Garcia Solorzano, Franko O" uniqKey="Garcia Solorzano F" first="Franko O" last="Garcia-Solorzano">Franko O. Garcia-Solorzano</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alarcon Ruiz, Christoper A" sort="Alarcon Ruiz, Christoper A" uniqKey="Alarcon Ruiz C" first="Christoper A" last="Alarcon-Ruiz">Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albitres Flores, Leonardo" sort="Albitres Flores, Leonardo" uniqKey="Albitres Flores L" first="Leonardo" last="Albitres-Flores">Leonardo Albitres-Flores</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malaga, German" sort="Malaga, German" uniqKey="Malaga G" first="German" last="Malaga">German Malaga</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlagenhauf, Patricia" sort="Schlagenhauf, Patricia" uniqKey="Schlagenhauf P" first="Patricia" last="Schlagenhauf">Patricia Schlagenhauf</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" sort="Rodriguez Morales, Alfonso J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Morales A" first="Alfonso J" last="Rodriguez-Morales">Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru; Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Electronic address: alfonso.rodriguez@uam.edu.co.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Travel medicine and infectious disease</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-0442</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Asymptomatic Infections (therapy)</term><term>Azithromycin (therapeutic use)</term><term>COVID-19 (diagnosis)</term><term>COVID-19 (drug therapy)</term><term>COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing (methods)</term><term>Child (MeSH)</term><term>Child, Preschool (MeSH)</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Hospitalization (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Infant (MeSH)</term><term>Lopinavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods)</term><term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (isolation & purification)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Azithromycin</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Lopinavir</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing</term><term>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Asymptomatic Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Drug Therapy, Combination</term><term>Female</term><term>Hospitalization</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>COVID-19 can be asymptomatic in a substantial proportion of patients. The assessment and management of these patients constitute a key element to stop dissemination.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>AIM</b></p><p>To describe the assessment and treatment of asymptomatic infection in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We searched five databases and search engines for preprints/preproofs, up to August 22, 2020. We included cohort, cross-sectional, and case series studies, reporting the assessment and management of asymptomatic individuals. We extracted data on total discharges with negative PCR, length of hospitalization, treatment, and number of patients who remained asymptomatic. A random-effects model with inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled prevalence.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>41 studies (nine cross-sectional studies, five retrospective studies and 27 reports/case series; 647 asymptomatic individuals), were included, of which 47% were male (233/501). The age of patients was between 1month and 73 years. In patients who became symptomatic, length of hospitalization mean was 13.6 days (SD 6.4). Studies used lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine plus ritonavir/lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine with and without azithromycin, ribavirin plus interferon and interferon alfa. The proportion of individuals who remained asymptomatic was 91% (463/588 patients; 95%CI: 78.3%-98.7%); and asymptomatic individuals discharged with negative PCR was 86% (102/124 individuals; 95%CI: 58.4%-100%).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>There is no standard treatment for asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals. There are no studies of adequate design to make this decision. It has been shown that most asymptomatic individuals who were followed have recovered, but this cannot be attributed to standard treatment.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33838319</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-0442</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>41</Volume><PubDate><MedlineDate>2021 May-Jun</MedlineDate></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Travel medicine and infectious disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Travel Med Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Assessment and management of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>102058</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1477-8939(21)00099-5</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102058</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">COVID-19 can be asymptomatic in a substantial proportion of patients. The assessment and management of these patients constitute a key element to stop dissemination.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="AIM">To describe the assessment and treatment of asymptomatic infection in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We searched five databases and search engines for preprints/preproofs, up to August 22, 2020. We included cohort, cross-sectional, and case series studies, reporting the assessment and management of asymptomatic individuals. We extracted data on total discharges with negative PCR, length of hospitalization, treatment, and number of patients who remained asymptomatic. A random-effects model with inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled prevalence.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">41 studies (nine cross-sectional studies, five retrospective studies and 27 reports/case series; 647 asymptomatic individuals), were included, of which 47% were male (233/501). The age of patients was between 1month and 73 years. In patients who became symptomatic, length of hospitalization mean was 13.6 days (SD 6.4). Studies used lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine plus ritonavir/lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine with and without azithromycin, ribavirin plus interferon and interferon alfa. The proportion of individuals who remained asymptomatic was 91% (463/588 patients; 95%CI: 78.3%-98.7%); and asymptomatic individuals discharged with negative PCR was 86% (102/124 individuals; 95%CI: 58.4%-100%).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">There is no standard treatment for asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals. There are no studies of adequate design to make this decision. It has been shown that most asymptomatic individuals who were followed have recovered, but this cannot be attributed to standard treatment.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barboza</LastName><ForeName>Joshuan J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú; Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chambergo-Michilot</LastName><ForeName>Diego</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Velasquez-Sotomayor</LastName><ForeName>Mariana</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Silva-Rengifo</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diaz-Arocutipa</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caballero-Alvarado</LastName><ForeName>Jose</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garcia-Solorzano</LastName><ForeName>Franko O</ForeName><Initials>FO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alarcon-Ruiz</LastName><ForeName>Christoper A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Albitres-Flores</LastName><ForeName>Leonardo</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malaga</LastName><ForeName>German</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schlagenhauf</LastName><ForeName>Patricia</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodriguez-Morales</LastName><ForeName>Alfonso J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru; Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Electronic address: alfonso.rodriguez@uam.edu.co.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D000078182">Systematic Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Travel Med Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101230758</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1477-8939</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000900">Anti-Bacterial Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>2494G1JF75</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D061466">Lopinavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>83905-01-5</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017963">Azithromycin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>O3J8G9O825</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019438">Ritonavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000900" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Bacterial Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName 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