Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial.
Identifieur interne : 000100 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000099; suivant : 000101Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial.
Auteurs : Raymond Chee Seong Seet ; Amy May Lin Quek ; Delicia Shu Qin Ooi ; Sharmila Sengupta ; Satish Ramapatna Lakshminarasappa ; Chieh Yang Koo ; Jimmy Bok Yan So ; Boon Cher Goh ; Kwok Seng Loh ; Dale Fisher ; Hock Luen Teoh ; Jie Sun ; Alex R. Cook ; Paul Anantharajah Tambyah ; Mikael HartmanSource :
- International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [ 1878-3511 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
We examined whether existing licensed pharmacotherapies could reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
METHODS
An open-label parallel randomized controlled trial was performed among healthy migrant workers quarantined in a large multi-storey dormitory in Singapore. Forty clusters (each defined as individual floors of the dormitory) were randomly assigned to receive a 42-day prophylaxis regimen of either oral hydroxychloroquine (400 mg once, followed by 200 mg/day), oral ivermectin (12 mg once), povidone-iodine throat spray (3 times/day, 270 μg/day), oral zinc (80 mg/day)/vitamin C (500 mg/day) combination, or oral vitamin C, 500 mg/day. The primary outcome was laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as shown by either: (1) a positive serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 42, or (2) a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 at any time between baseline and day 42.
RESULTS
A total of 3037 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 33.0 years; all men) who were seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were included in the primary analysis. Follow-up was nearly complete (99.6%). Compared with vitamin C, significant absolute risk reductions (%, 98.75% confidence interval) were observed for oral hydroxychloroquine (21%, 2-42%) and povidone-iodine throat spray (24%, 7-39%). No statistically significant differences were observed with oral zinc/vitamin C combination (23%, -5 to +41%) and ivermectin (5%, -10 to +22%). Interruptions due to side effects were highest among participants who received zinc/vitamin C combination (6.9%), followed by vitamin C (4.7%), povidone-iodine (2.0%), and hydroxychloroquine (0.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
Chemoprophylaxis with either oral hydroxychloroquine or povidone-iodine throat spray was superior to oral vitamin C in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and healthy men.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035
PubMed: 33864917
PubMed Central: PMC8056783
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Electronic address: raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quek, Amy May Lin" sort="Quek, Amy May Lin" uniqKey="Quek A" first="Amy May Lin" last="Quek">Amy May Lin Quek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ooi, Delicia Shu Qin" sort="Ooi, Delicia Shu Qin" uniqKey="Ooi D" first="Delicia Shu Qin" last="Ooi">Delicia Shu Qin Ooi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sengupta, Sharmila" sort="Sengupta, Sharmila" uniqKey="Sengupta S" first="Sharmila" last="Sengupta">Sharmila Sengupta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakshminarasappa, Satish Ramapatna" sort="Lakshminarasappa, Satish Ramapatna" uniqKey="Lakshminarasappa S" first="Satish Ramapatna" last="Lakshminarasappa">Satish Ramapatna Lakshminarasappa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koo, Chieh Yang" sort="Koo, Chieh Yang" uniqKey="Koo C" first="Chieh Yang" last="Koo">Chieh Yang Koo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Jimmy Bok Yan" sort="So, Jimmy Bok Yan" uniqKey="So J" first="Jimmy Bok Yan" last="So">Jimmy Bok Yan So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goh, Boon Cher" sort="Goh, Boon Cher" uniqKey="Goh B" first="Boon Cher" last="Goh">Boon Cher Goh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Kwok Seng" sort="Loh, Kwok Seng" uniqKey="Loh K" first="Kwok Seng" last="Loh">Kwok Seng Loh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Dale" sort="Fisher, Dale" uniqKey="Fisher D" first="Dale" last="Fisher">Dale Fisher</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teoh, Hock Luen" sort="Teoh, Hock Luen" uniqKey="Teoh H" first="Hock Luen" last="Teoh">Hock Luen Teoh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Jie" sort="Sun, Jie" uniqKey="Sun J" first="Jie" last="Sun">Jie Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Alex R" sort="Cook, Alex R" uniqKey="Cook A" first="Alex R" last="Cook">Alex R. Cook</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah" sort="Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah" uniqKey="Tambyah P" first="Paul Anantharajah" last="Tambyah">Paul Anantharajah Tambyah</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Mikael" sort="Hartman, Mikael" uniqKey="Hartman M" first="Mikael" last="Hartman">Mikael Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33864917</idno><idno type="pmid">33864917</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC8056783</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000100</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000100</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial.</title><author><name sortKey="Seet, Raymond Chee Seong" sort="Seet, Raymond Chee Seong" uniqKey="Seet R" first="Raymond Chee Seong" last="Seet">Raymond Chee Seong Seet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore. Electronic address: raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quek, Amy May Lin" sort="Quek, Amy May Lin" uniqKey="Quek A" first="Amy May Lin" last="Quek">Amy May Lin Quek</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ooi, Delicia Shu Qin" sort="Ooi, Delicia Shu Qin" uniqKey="Ooi D" first="Delicia Shu Qin" last="Ooi">Delicia Shu Qin Ooi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sengupta, Sharmila" sort="Sengupta, Sharmila" uniqKey="Sengupta S" first="Sharmila" last="Sengupta">Sharmila Sengupta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lakshminarasappa, Satish Ramapatna" sort="Lakshminarasappa, Satish Ramapatna" uniqKey="Lakshminarasappa S" first="Satish Ramapatna" last="Lakshminarasappa">Satish Ramapatna Lakshminarasappa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koo, Chieh Yang" sort="Koo, Chieh Yang" uniqKey="Koo C" first="Chieh Yang" last="Koo">Chieh Yang Koo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Jimmy Bok Yan" sort="So, Jimmy Bok Yan" uniqKey="So J" first="Jimmy Bok Yan" last="So">Jimmy Bok Yan So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goh, Boon Cher" sort="Goh, Boon Cher" uniqKey="Goh B" first="Boon Cher" last="Goh">Boon Cher Goh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Kwok Seng" sort="Loh, Kwok Seng" uniqKey="Loh K" first="Kwok Seng" last="Loh">Kwok Seng Loh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Dale" sort="Fisher, Dale" uniqKey="Fisher D" first="Dale" last="Fisher">Dale Fisher</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teoh, Hock Luen" sort="Teoh, Hock Luen" uniqKey="Teoh H" first="Hock Luen" last="Teoh">Hock Luen Teoh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Jie" sort="Sun, Jie" uniqKey="Sun J" first="Jie" last="Sun">Jie Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Alex R" sort="Cook, Alex R" uniqKey="Cook A" first="Alex R" last="Cook">Alex R. Cook</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah" sort="Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah" uniqKey="Tambyah P" first="Paul Anantharajah" last="Tambyah">Paul Anantharajah Tambyah</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, Mikael" sort="Hartman, Mikael" uniqKey="Hartman M" first="Mikael" last="Hartman">Mikael Hartman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1878-3511</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>We examined whether existing licensed pharmacotherapies could reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>An open-label parallel randomized controlled trial was performed among healthy migrant workers quarantined in a large multi-storey dormitory in Singapore. Forty clusters (each defined as individual floors of the dormitory) were randomly assigned to receive a 42-day prophylaxis regimen of either oral hydroxychloroquine (400 mg once, followed by 200 mg/day), oral ivermectin (12 mg once), povidone-iodine throat spray (3 times/day, 270 μg/day), oral zinc (80 mg/day)/vitamin C (500 mg/day) combination, or oral vitamin C, 500 mg/day. The primary outcome was laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as shown by either: (1) a positive serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 42, or (2) a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 at any time between baseline and day 42.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>A total of 3037 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 33.0 years; all men) who were seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were included in the primary analysis. Follow-up was nearly complete (99.6%). Compared with vitamin C, significant absolute risk reductions (%, 98.75% confidence interval) were observed for oral hydroxychloroquine (21%, 2-42%) and povidone-iodine throat spray (24%, 7-39%). No statistically significant differences were observed with oral zinc/vitamin C combination (23%, -5 to +41%) and ivermectin (5%, -10 to +22%). Interruptions due to side effects were highest among participants who received zinc/vitamin C combination (6.9%), followed by vitamin C (4.7%), povidone-iodine (2.0%), and hydroxychloroquine (0.7%).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Chemoprophylaxis with either oral hydroxychloroquine or povidone-iodine throat spray was superior to oral vitamin C in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and healthy men.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33864917</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-3511</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>106</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>20</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>314-322</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1201-9712(21)00345-3</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">We examined whether existing licensed pharmacotherapies could reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">An open-label parallel randomized controlled trial was performed among healthy migrant workers quarantined in a large multi-storey dormitory in Singapore. Forty clusters (each defined as individual floors of the dormitory) were randomly assigned to receive a 42-day prophylaxis regimen of either oral hydroxychloroquine (400 mg once, followed by 200 mg/day), oral ivermectin (12 mg once), povidone-iodine throat spray (3 times/day, 270 μg/day), oral zinc (80 mg/day)/vitamin C (500 mg/day) combination, or oral vitamin C, 500 mg/day. The primary outcome was laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as shown by either: (1) a positive serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 42, or (2) a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 at any time between baseline and day 42.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">A total of 3037 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 33.0 years; all men) who were seronegative to SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were included in the primary analysis. Follow-up was nearly complete (99.6%). Compared with vitamin C, significant absolute risk reductions (%, 98.75% confidence interval) were observed for oral hydroxychloroquine (21%, 2-42%) and povidone-iodine throat spray (24%, 7-39%). No statistically significant differences were observed with oral zinc/vitamin C combination (23%, -5 to +41%) and ivermectin (5%, -10 to +22%). Interruptions due to side effects were highest among participants who received zinc/vitamin C combination (6.9%), followed by vitamin C (4.7%), povidone-iodine (2.0%), and hydroxychloroquine (0.7%).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Chemoprophylaxis with either oral hydroxychloroquine or povidone-iodine throat spray was superior to oral vitamin C in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and healthy men.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Seet</LastName><ForeName>Raymond Chee Seong</ForeName><Initials>RCS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore. Electronic address: raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quek</LastName><ForeName>Amy May Lin</ForeName><Initials>AML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ooi</LastName><ForeName>Delicia Shu Qin</ForeName><Initials>DSQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sengupta</LastName><ForeName>Sharmila</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lakshminarasappa</LastName><ForeName>Satish Ramapatna</ForeName><Initials>SR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koo</LastName><ForeName>Chieh Yang</ForeName><Initials>CY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>So</LastName><ForeName>Jimmy Bok Yan</ForeName><Initials>JBY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goh</LastName><ForeName>Boon Cher</ForeName><Initials>BC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loh</LastName><ForeName>Kwok Seng</ForeName><Initials>KS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fisher</LastName><ForeName>Dale</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teoh</LastName><ForeName>Hock Luen</ForeName><Initials>HL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sun</LastName><ForeName>Jie</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cook</LastName><ForeName>Alex R</ForeName><Initials>AR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tambyah</LastName><ForeName>Paul Anantharajah</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hartman</LastName><ForeName>Mikael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Canada</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9610933</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1201-9712</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ivermectin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Povidone-iodine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Vitamin C</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Zinc</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>9</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33864917</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1201-9712(21)00345-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8056783</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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