Autophagy modulation in bladder cancer development and treatment
Identifieur interne : 000A86 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000A85; suivant : 000A87Autophagy modulation in bladder cancer development and treatment
Auteurs : Faping Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Hui Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuxuan Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Mingliang Feng [République populaire de Chine] ; Bin Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiang Ren [République populaire de Chine] ; Honglan Zhou [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Oncology Reports [ 1021-335X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a potentially life-threatening malignancy. Due to a high recurrence rate, frequent surveillance strategies and intravesical drug therapies, BC is considered one of the most expensive tumors to treat. As a fundamental evolutionary catabolic process, autophagy plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular environmental homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged cytoplasmic components, including macromolecules and organelles. Scientific studies in the last two decades have shown that autophagy acts as a double-edged sword with regard to the treatment of cancer. On one hand, autophagy inhibition is able to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment, a process known as protective autophagy. On the other hand, autophagy overactivation may lead to cell death, referred to as autophagic cell death, similar to apoptosis. Therefore, it is essential to identify the role of autophagy in cancer cells in order to develop novel therapeutic agents. In addition, autophagy may potentially become a novel therapeutic target in human diseases. In this review, the current knowledge on autophagy modulation in BC development and treatment is summarized.
Url:
DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7286
PubMed: 31436298
PubMed Central: 6775810
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China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31436298</idno><idno type="pmc">6775810</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6775810</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6775810</idno><idno type="doi">10.3892/or.2019.7286</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A86</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A86</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Autophagy modulation in bladder cancer development and treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Faping" sort="Li, Faping" uniqKey="Li F" first="Faping" last="Li">Faping Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Hui" sort="Guo, Hui" uniqKey="Guo H" first="Hui" last="Guo">Hui Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Yuxuan" sort="Yang, Yuxuan" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yuxuan" last="Yang">Yuxuan Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Mingliang" sort="Feng, Mingliang" uniqKey="Feng M" first="Mingliang" last="Feng">Mingliang Feng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Bin" sort="Liu, Bin" uniqKey="Liu B" first="Bin" last="Liu">Bin Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Xiang" sort="Ren, Xiang" uniqKey="Ren X" first="Xiang" last="Ren">Xiang Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Honglan" sort="Zhou, Honglan" uniqKey="Zhou H" first="Honglan" last="Zhou">Honglan Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Oncology Reports</title><idno type="ISSN">1021-335X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1791-2431</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Bladder cancer (BC) is a potentially life-threatening malignancy. Due to a high recurrence rate, frequent surveillance strategies and intravesical drug therapies, BC is considered one of the most expensive tumors to treat. As a fundamental evolutionary catabolic process, autophagy plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular environmental homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged cytoplasmic components, including macromolecules and organelles. Scientific studies in the last two decades have shown that autophagy acts as a double-edged sword with regard to the treatment of cancer. On one hand, autophagy inhibition is able to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment, a process known as protective autophagy. On the other hand, autophagy overactivation may lead to cell death, referred to as autophagic cell death, similar to apoptosis. Therefore, it is essential to identify the role of autophagy in cancer cells in order to develop novel therapeutic agents. In addition, autophagy may potentially become a novel therapeutic target in human diseases. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Oncol Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Oncol. Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Oncology Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1021-335X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1791-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D.A. Spandidos</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31436298</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6775810</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3892/or.2019.7286</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">OR-0-0-7286</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Autophagy modulation in bladder cancer development and treatment</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Faping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Hui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Yuxuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Mingliang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Bin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ren</surname><given-names>Xiang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Honglan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-or-0-0-7286"></xref><xref rid="c1-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="corresp"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-or-0-0-7286">Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-or-0-0-7286"><italic>Correspondence to</italic>: Dr Honglan Zhou, Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China, E-mail: <email>walkerzhouhl@163.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>21</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>42</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1647</fpage><lpage>1655</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>24</day><month>4</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Li et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License</ext-link>, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Bladder cancer (BC) is a potentially life-threatening malignancy. Due to a high recurrence rate, frequent surveillance strategies and intravesical drug therapies, BC is considered one of the most expensive tumors to treat. As a fundamental evolutionary catabolic process, autophagy plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular environmental homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged cytoplasmic components, including macromolecules and organelles. Scientific studies in the last two decades have shown that autophagy acts as a double-edged sword with regard to the treatment of cancer. On one hand, autophagy inhibition is able to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment, a process known as protective autophagy. On the other hand, autophagy overactivation may lead to cell death, referred to as autophagic cell death, similar to apoptosis. Therefore, it is essential to identify the role of autophagy in cancer cells in order to develop novel therapeutic agents. In addition, autophagy may potentially become a novel therapeutic target in human diseases. In this review, the current knowledge on autophagy modulation in BC development and treatment is summarized.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>autophagosome</kwd><kwd>lysosome</kwd><kwd>autophagic cell death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-or-0-0-7286" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>Three main subtypes of autophagy. Long-lived and damaged cytoplasmic components are degraded via different autophagic processes. The diagram presents the three main subtypes: Macroautophagy, microautophagy and CMA. In macroautophagy, a double-membrane vesicle (phagophore) surrounds degradation components to form an autophagosome, which fuses with a lysosome for subsequent hydrolysis. In microautophagy, the lysosomal membrane alters its shape via invagination or bulging to engulf cytoplasmic components for degradation. In CMA, the adapter molecule HSC70 discerns and binds to the specific KFERQ motif of substrate proteins for translocation to the lysosome and ensures binding to Lamp2 for degradation. CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy; HSC70, heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa; Lamp2, lysosome associated membrane protein type 2.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="or-42-05-1647-g00"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-or-0-0-7286" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p>Steps of the autophagic flux. Autophagy is activated in response to various cellular stress conditions. A double-membrane vesicle (phagophore) begins to form and elongate into an autophagosome in order to engulf intracellular degradation components, including mitochondria, damaged organelles and lipid droplets. The mature autophagosome with intracellular degradation components then fuses with the lysosome and forms an autolysosome, which provides an acidic environment for hydrolytic enzymes to hydrolyze the engulfed components.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="or-42-05-1647-g01"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-or-0-0-7286" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p>Signaling pathways of autophagy. mTOR kinase is a pivotal molecule in the mTORC1 complex that plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy activation is triggered by decreased activity of the mTORC1 complex due to the activation of AMPK or p53 signaling. The decreased activity of mTORC1, an inhibitor of the mammalian ULK1 complex, leads to the increase the activity of the ULK1 complex, which subsequently initiates the formation of phagophore in conjunction with the PI3K complex. The elongation and maturation of the phagophore is dependent on two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems (ATG12 and ATG8), which involve multiple autophagy proteins, including ATG5, ATG16 and LC3. ATG, autophagy-related protein homolog; mTORC1, mTOR complex 1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ULK1, uncoordinated-51-like protein kinase; LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; TTI1, Tel2-interacting protein 1; TEL2, telomere length regulation protein TEL2; DEPTOR, DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein; RAPTOR, regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; PRAS40, proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa; MLST8, mTOR-associated protein LST8 homolog; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; FIP200, fusion-inhibiting peptide 200.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="or-42-05-1647-g02"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tI-or-0-0-7286" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table I.</label><caption><p>Autophagy inhibitors in bladder cancer.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inhibitor</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mechanism of action</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatments combined with inhibitor</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bladder cell line</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(Refs.)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chloroquine</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lysosomal lumen alkalizer</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cisplatin, radiotherapy, lapatinib or gefitinib</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EJ, T24, RT-112, 5637, J82</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b53-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>,<xref rid="b55-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>,<xref rid="b66-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>,<xref rid="b68-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3-Methyladenine</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PI3K inhibitor</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cisplatin, Fangchinoline, lapatinib or gefitinib</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT-112, T24, J82</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b55-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>,<xref rid="b67-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>,<xref rid="b68-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Icaritin</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Protein synthesis inhibitor</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Epirubicin</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5637, T24</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b69-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frondoside A</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Protein synthesis inhibitor</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cisplatin and gemcitabine</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT112</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b70-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">shRNA</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Knockdown of Beclin1 and <italic>ATG7</italic>/<italic>ATG12</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cisplatin</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5637, T24</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b66-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">siRNA</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suppression of <italic>ATG12</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lapatinib or gefitinib</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T24, J82</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b68-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-or-0-0-7286"><p>shRNA, short hairpin RNA; siRNA, small interfering RNA; ATG, autophagy-related protein.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tII-or-0-0-7286" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table II.</label><caption><p>Activators of autophagic cell death in bladder cancer.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Activator</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mechanism of action</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Signaling pathways involved</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bladder cell line</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(Refs.)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pazopanib</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Increasing cathepsin B activity</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ERK1/2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5637, J82</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b57-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ChlA-F</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upregulating Sestrin-2 expression</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sestrin-2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT4, T24T, UMUC3</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b58-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ubenimex</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Akt agonist</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Akt</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5637, RT112</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b75-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Salidroside</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suppressing PI3K and p-Akt</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Autophagy/PI3K/Akt</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T24</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b59-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tetrandrine</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upregulating p-AMPK and downregulating p-mTOR</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AMPK/mTOR</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T24, 5637</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref rid="b60-or-0-0-7286" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-or-0-0-7286"><p>ChlA-F, Cheliensisine A-fluoride; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; p-, phosphorylated.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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