UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic characterization and comparison of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and optimal cutting temperature-embedded materials
Identifieur interne : 000635 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000634; suivant : 000636UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic characterization and comparison of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and optimal cutting temperature-embedded materials
Auteurs : Di Feng ; Jing Yuan [République populaire de Chine] ; Qi Liu [États-Unis] ; Li Liu ; Xu Zhang ; Yali Wu ; Yifan Qian ; Liping Chen ; Yan Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Mancang GuSource :
- International Journal of Oncology [ 1019-6439 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare metabolites from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pancreatic tissue blocks with those identified in optimal cutting temperature (OCT)-embedded pancreatic tissue blocks. Thus, ultra-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling was performed in paired frozen (n=13) and FFPE (n=13) human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples, in addition to their benign counterparts. A total of 206 metabolites were identified in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue samples. The method feasibility was confirmed through reproducibility and a consistency assessment. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis and heatmap analysis reliably distinguished tumor and normal tissue phenotypes. The expression of 10 compounds, including N-acetylaspartate and creatinine, was significantly different in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tumor samples. These ten compounds may be viable candidate biomarkers of malignant pancreatic tissues. The super-categories to which they belonged exhibited no significant differences between FFPE and OCT-embedded samples. Furthermore, purine, arginine and proline, and pyrimidine metabolism used a shared pathway found in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue samples. These results supported the notion that metabolomic data acquired from FFPE pancreatic cancer specimens are reliable for use in retrospective and clinical studies.
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DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4898
PubMed: 31638165
PubMed Central: 6831194
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Di Feng<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hubei 430030</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic characterization and comparison of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and optimal cutting temperature-embedded materials</title><author><name sortKey="Feng, Di" sort="Feng, Di" uniqKey="Feng D" first="Di" last="Feng">Di Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Jing" sort="Yuan, Jing" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="Jing" last="Yuan">Jing Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Qi" sort="Liu, Qi" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qi" last="Liu">Qi Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Li" sort="Liu, Li" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Li" last="Liu">Li Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hubei 430030</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xu" sort="Zhang, Xu" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xu" last="Zhang">Xu Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Yali" sort="Wu, Yali" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Yali" last="Wu">Yali Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, Yifan" sort="Qian, Yifan" uniqKey="Qian Y" first="Yifan" last="Qian">Yifan Qian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Liping" sort="Chen, Liping" uniqKey="Chen L" first="Liping" last="Chen">Liping Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Yan" sort="Shi, Yan" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Yan" last="Shi">Yan Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Mancang" sort="Gu, Mancang" uniqKey="Gu M" first="Mancang" last="Gu">Mancang Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31638165</idno><idno type="pmc">6831194</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831194</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6831194</idno><idno type="doi">10.3892/ijo.2019.4898</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000635</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000635</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000635</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000635</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic characterization and comparison of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and optimal cutting temperature-embedded materials</title><author><name sortKey="Feng, Di" sort="Feng, Di" uniqKey="Feng D" first="Di" last="Feng">Di Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Jing" sort="Yuan, Jing" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="Jing" last="Yuan">Jing Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Qi" sort="Liu, Qi" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qi" last="Liu">Qi Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Li" sort="Liu, Li" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Li" last="Liu">Li Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Hubei 430030</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xu" sort="Zhang, Xu" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xu" last="Zhang">Xu Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Yali" sort="Wu, Yali" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Yali" last="Wu">Yali Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, Yifan" sort="Qian, Yifan" uniqKey="Qian Y" first="Yifan" last="Qian">Yifan Qian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Liping" sort="Chen, Liping" uniqKey="Chen L" first="Liping" last="Chen">Liping Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Yan" sort="Shi, Yan" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Yan" last="Shi">Yan Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijo-55-06-1249">Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Mancang" sort="Gu, Mancang" uniqKey="Gu M" first="Mancang" last="Gu">Mancang Gu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Zhejiang 311402</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Oncology</title><idno type="ISSN">1019-6439</idno><idno type="eISSN">1791-2423</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the present study was to compare metabolites from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pancreatic tissue blocks with those identified in optimal cutting temperature (OCT)-embedded pancreatic tissue blocks. Thus, ultra-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling was performed in paired frozen (n=13) and FFPE (n=13) human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples, in addition to their benign counterparts. A total of 206 metabolites were identified in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue samples. The method feasibility was confirmed through reproducibility and a consistency assessment. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis and heatmap analysis reliably distinguished tumor and normal tissue phenotypes. The expression of 10 compounds, including N-acetylaspartate and creatinine, was significantly different in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tumor samples. These ten compounds may be viable candidate biomarkers of malignant pancreatic tissues. The super-categories to which they belonged exhibited no significant differences between FFPE and OCT-embedded samples. Furthermore, purine, arginine and proline, and pyrimidine metabolism used a shared pathway found in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue samples. These results supported the notion that metabolomic data acquired from FFPE pancreatic cancer specimens are reliable for use in retrospective and clinical studies.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, K" uniqKey="Suzuki K">K Suzuki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takeuchi, O" uniqKey="Takeuchi O">O Takeuchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, Y" uniqKey="Suzuki Y">Y Suzuki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kitagawa, Y" uniqKey="Kitagawa Y">Y Kitagawa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wei, Dm" uniqKey="Wei D">DM Wei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Mt" uniqKey="Jiang M">MT Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, P" uniqKey="Lin P">P Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, H" uniqKey="Yang H">H Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dang, Yw" uniqKey="Dang Y">YW Dang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Q" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Oncol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int. J. Oncol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJO</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Oncology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1019-6439</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1791-2423</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D.A. Spandidos</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31638165</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6831194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3892/ijo.2019.4898</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijo-55-06-1249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic characterization and comparison of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and optimal cutting temperature-embedded materials</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Di</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">1</xref><xref rid="fn1-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuan</surname><given-names>Jing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijo-55-06-1249">2</xref><xref rid="fn1-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Qi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ijo-55-06-1249">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Li</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-ijo-55-06-1249">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Xu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Yali</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qian</surname><given-names>Yifan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Liping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Yan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-ijo-55-06-1249">5</xref><xref rid="fn1-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ijo-55-06-1249"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>Mancang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijo-55-06-1249">1</xref><xref rid="fn1-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2-ijo-55-06-1249"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ijo-55-06-1249"><label>1</label>College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402</aff><aff id="af2-ijo-55-06-1249"><label>2</label>Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China</aff><aff id="af3-ijo-55-06-1249"><label>3</label>Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA</aff><aff id="af4-ijo-55-06-1249"><label>4</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030</aff><aff id="af5-ijo-55-06-1249"><label>5</label>Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ijo-55-06-1249">Correspondence to: Dr Yan Shi, Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China, E-mail: <email>shibaiwan12@vip.sina.com</email></corresp><corresp id="c2-ijo-55-06-1249">Dr Mancang Gu, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 4A119 Gaoke Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China, E-mail: <email>gmancang@zcmu.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn id="fn1-ijo-55-06-1249" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p>Contributed equally</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>55</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1249</fpage><lpage>1260</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>08</day><month>5</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>09</day><month>9</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Feng et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License</ext-link>, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The purpose of the present study was to compare metabolites from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pancreatic tissue blocks with those identified in optimal cutting temperature (OCT)-embedded pancreatic tissue blocks. Thus, ultra-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling was performed in paired frozen (n=13) and FFPE (n=13) human pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples, in addition to their benign counterparts. A total of 206 metabolites were identified in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue samples. The method feasibility was confirmed through reproducibility and a consistency assessment. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis and heatmap analysis reliably distinguished tumor and normal tissue phenotypes. The expression of 10 compounds, including N-acetylaspartate and creatinine, was significantly different in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tumor samples. These ten compounds may be viable candidate biomarkers of malignant pancreatic tissues. The super-categories to which they belonged exhibited no significant differences between FFPE and OCT-embedded samples. Furthermore, purine, arginine and proline, and pyrimidine metabolism used a shared pathway found in both OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue samples. These results supported the notion that metabolomic data acquired from FFPE pancreatic cancer specimens are reliable for use in retrospective and clinical studies.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>clinical metabolic profiling</kwd><kwd>FFPE tissues</kwd><kwd>OCT-embedded tissues</kwd><kwd>pancreatic cancer</kwd><kwd>UPLC-MS</kwd><kwd>metabolic pathway enrichment analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ijo-55-06-1249" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Schematic overview of the protocol used to analyze metabolite data in OCT-embedded and FFPE samples. FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; OCT, optimal cutting temperature; UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJO-55-06-1249-g00"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ijo-55-06-1249" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Metabolite detection in FFPE and OCT-embedded samples, and reproducibility and consistency assessment. (A) Venn diagram showing the intersection between OCT-embedded and FFPE metabolomic data in the experimental settings. (B) Box-and-whisker plot representing the relative signal intensity of all metabolites found in OCT-embedded and FFPE tissues. Box plot whiskers extend from the 5 to 95th percentile. (C) Reproducibility plots of detected metabolites in FFPE tissue (left) and OCT-embedded tissue (normal vs. tumor; right), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess correlation coefficients between the intensity of each detected metabolite among the FFPE tissues replicates and OCT-embedded tissues replicates. (D) Correlation plots of detected metabolites between FFPE and OCT-embedded tissues in eight super-classes. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess correlation coefficients between the intensity of each detected metabolite between FFPE and OCT-embedded samples. The red plots and green plots represent normal and tumor groups, respectively. (E) Bar plot of the number of metabolites found in OCT-embedded and FFPE samples. The metabolites are categorized according to super-class membership. Bar height refers to amount of metabolites in each super-class preserved in FFPE or OCT-embedded samples. The percentage represents the proportion of the metabolites preserved in the FFPE samples of each class. (F) Heatmap of the 206 metabolites from OCT-embedded and FFPE samples. Hierarchical clustering (Ward method) was used for unsupervised classification. The phenotypic labels of the sample are indicated as a colored band on top of the heatmap. FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; OCT, optimal cutting temperature.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJO-55-06-1249-g01"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ijo-55-06-1249" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Differentiation between normal and tumor tissue, and exploration of metabolites with significant differences. (A) Two-dimension score plots of tumor and normal samples between the first and second major principal components. The distinct clustering of tumor and normal samples was observed in both the OCT-embedded tissue group (left) and the FFPE tissue group (right). (B) Volcano diagram presenting the differences in metabolites between tumor and normal samples selected with an FC threshold >1.5 and a Student's t-test threshold P<0.05 in OCT-embedded (left) and FFPE (right) tissues. The red dots indicate the metabolites with significant differences. The grey dots indicate the metabolites without significant differences. P-values were transformed by -log10 such that more significant features were plotted higher on the graph. (C) Venn diagram showing the intersection between OCT-embedded and FFPE tissue metabolites with significant differences. (D) Bar plot of the significant differentially abundant metabolites in OCT-embedded and FFPE tumor tissue samples. The metabolites are categorized according to super-class. The percentage above each bar represents the proportion of detectable metabolites for each sample preparation in each super-class. (E) Heatmap of top 40 common metabolites from OCT-embedded (left) and FFPE (right) samples. Hierarchical clustering (Ward method) was used for unsupervised classification. The phenotypic labels of the sample are indicated as a colored band on top of the heatmap. FC, fold change; FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; OCT, optimal cutting temperature.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJO-55-06-1249-g02"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-ijo-55-06-1249" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Significant pathways identified in both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and optimal cutting temperature-embedded tumor samples. The metabo-lome view shows all matched pathways according to the P-values from the pathway enrichment analysis and pathway impact values from the pathway topology analysis. Significant pathways are named in the figure.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJO-55-06-1249-g03"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-ijo-55-06-1249" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Discovery of metabolic pathway identified in both optimal cutting temperature-embedded and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Topology networks of (A) purine metabolism pathway, (B) proline metabolism pathway, (C) pyrimidine metabolism pathway and (D) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway illustrated by Cytoscape software. Circles represent genes and hexagons represent metabolites. Gradient from red to purple indicates the up- or downregulation of the metabolites.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJO-55-06-1249-g04"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tI-ijo-55-06-1249" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table I</label><caption><p>Clinical features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristic</th><th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Finding</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.0±7.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (<xref rid="b54-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (<xref rid="b46-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancer stage</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> I</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (<xref rid="b32-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> II</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (<xref rid="b38-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> III</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (<xref rid="b15-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> IV</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (<xref rid="b15-ijo-55-06-1249" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ijo-55-06-1249"><p>Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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