Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter?
Identifieur interne : 000526 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000525; suivant : 000527Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter?
Auteurs : Sakari KellokumpuSource :
- Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology [ 2296-634X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Exocytic and endocytic compartments each have their own unique luminal ion and pH environment that is important for their normal functioning. A failure to maintain this environment – the loss of homeostasis – is not uncommon. In the worst case, all the main Golgi functions, including glycosylation, membrane trafficking and protein sorting, can be perturbed. Several factors contribute to Golgi homeostasis. These include not only ions such as H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, but also Golgi redox state and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are dependent on the oxygen levels in the cells. Changes to any one of these factors have consequences on Golgi functions, the nature of which can be dissimilar or similar depending upon the defects themselves. For example, altered Golgi pH homeostasis gives rise to
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00093
PubMed: 31263697
PubMed Central: 6584808
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kellokumpu, Sakari" sort="Kellokumpu, Sakari" uniqKey="Kellokumpu S" first="Sakari" last="Kellokumpu">Sakari Kellokumpu</name>
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<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2296-634X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2019">2019</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Exocytic and endocytic compartments each have their own unique luminal ion and pH environment that is important for their normal functioning. A failure to maintain this environment – the loss of homeostasis – is not uncommon. In the worst case, all the main Golgi functions, including glycosylation, membrane trafficking and protein sorting, can be perturbed. Several factors contribute to Golgi homeostasis. These include not only ions such as H<sup>+</sup>
, Ca<sup>2+</sup>
, Mg<sup>2+</sup>
, Mn<sup>2+</sup>
, but also Golgi redox state and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are dependent on the oxygen levels in the cells. Changes to any one of these factors have consequences on Golgi functions, the nature of which can be dissimilar or similar depending upon the defects themselves. For example, altered Golgi pH homeostasis gives rise to <italic>Cutis laxa</italic>
disease, in which glycosylation and membrane trafficking are both affected, while altered Ca<sup>2+</sup>
homeostasis due to the mutated SCPA1 gene in <italic>Hailey–Hailey</italic>
disease, perturbs various protein sorting, proteolytic cleavage and membrane trafficking events in the Golgi. This review gives an overview of the molecular machineries involved in the maintenance of Golgi ion, pH and redox homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the organelle dysfunction and disease that frequently result from their breakdown. <italic>Congenital disorders of glycosylation</italic>
(CDGs) are discussed only when they contribute directly to Golgi pH, ion or redox homeostasis. Current evidence emphasizes that, rather than being mere supporting factors, Golgi pH, ion and redox homeostasis are in fact key players that orchestrate and maintain all Golgi functions.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<author><name sortKey="Stahl, G L" uniqKey="Stahl G">G. L. Stahl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
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</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Cell Dev Biol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Cell Dev Biol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Cell Dev. Biol.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2296-634X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31263697</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6584808</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fcell.2019.00093</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Cell and Developmental Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Hypothesis and Theory</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kellokumpu</surname>
<given-names>Sakari</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c001"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/128483/overview"></uri>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff><institution>Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu</institution>
,<addr-line>Oulu</addr-line>
,<country>Finland</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Vladimir Lupashin, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Martin Lowe, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Francois Foulquier, Université de Lille, France; Daniel Ungar, University of York, United Kingdom</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="c001">*Correspondence: Sakari Kellokumpu, <email>sakari.kellokumpu@oulu.fi</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Membrane Traffic, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<elocation-id>93</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019 Kellokumpu.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Kellokumpu</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Exocytic and endocytic compartments each have their own unique luminal ion and pH environment that is important for their normal functioning. A failure to maintain this environment – the loss of homeostasis – is not uncommon. In the worst case, all the main Golgi functions, including glycosylation, membrane trafficking and protein sorting, can be perturbed. Several factors contribute to Golgi homeostasis. These include not only ions such as H<sup>+</sup>
, Ca<sup>2+</sup>
, Mg<sup>2+</sup>
, Mn<sup>2+</sup>
, but also Golgi redox state and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are dependent on the oxygen levels in the cells. Changes to any one of these factors have consequences on Golgi functions, the nature of which can be dissimilar or similar depending upon the defects themselves. For example, altered Golgi pH homeostasis gives rise to <italic>Cutis laxa</italic>
disease, in which glycosylation and membrane trafficking are both affected, while altered Ca<sup>2+</sup>
homeostasis due to the mutated SCPA1 gene in <italic>Hailey–Hailey</italic>
disease, perturbs various protein sorting, proteolytic cleavage and membrane trafficking events in the Golgi. This review gives an overview of the molecular machineries involved in the maintenance of Golgi ion, pH and redox homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the organelle dysfunction and disease that frequently result from their breakdown. <italic>Congenital disorders of glycosylation</italic>
(CDGs) are discussed only when they contribute directly to Golgi pH, ion or redox homeostasis. Current evidence emphasizes that, rather than being mere supporting factors, Golgi pH, ion and redox homeostasis are in fact key players that orchestrate and maintain all Golgi functions.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>homeostasis</kwd>
<kwd>Golgi pH</kwd>
<kwd>Golgi redox state</kwd>
<kwd>glycosylation</kwd>
<kwd>protein sorting</kwd>
<kwd>cancer</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count>
<table-count count="0"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="180"></ref-count>
<page-count count="15"></page-count>
<word-count count="0"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
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