Serveur d'exploration Chloroquine

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Activation of the autophagy pathway by Torovirus infection is irrelevant for virus replication

Identifieur interne : 000A37 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000A36; suivant : 000A38

Activation of the autophagy pathway by Torovirus infection is irrelevant for virus replication

Auteurs : Ginés Ávila-Pérez [Espagne] ; Elisabet Diaz-Beneitez [Espagne] ; Liliana L. Cubas-Gaona [Espagne] ; Gliselle Nieves-Molina [Espagne] ; Juan Ram N Rodríguez [Espagne] ; José F. Rodríguez [Espagne] ; Dolores Rodríguez [Espagne]

Source :

RBID : PMC:6629058

Abstract

Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process that mediates lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged organelles, also exerting an important role in the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Despite the antiviral role of autophagy, many studies suggest that some positive-stranded RNA viruses exploit this pathway to facilitate their own replication. In this study, we demonstrate that the equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV), the prototype member of the Torovirus genus (Coronaviridae Family, Nidovirales Order), induces autophagy at late times post-infection. Conversion of microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) from cytosolic (LC3 I) to the membrane associated form (LC3 II), a canonical marker of autophagosome formation, is enhanced in BEV infected cells. However, neither autophagy induction, via starvation, nor pharmacological blockade significantly affect BEV replication. Similarly, BEV infection is not altered in autophagy deficient cells lacking either Beclin 1 or LC3B protein expression. Unexpectedly, the cargo receptor p62, a selective autophagy receptor, aggregates within the region where the BEV main protease (Mpro) localizes. This finding, coupled with observation that BEV replication also induces ER stress at the time when selective autophagy is taking place, suggests that the autophagy pathway is activated in response to the hefty accumulation of virus-encoded polypeptides during the late phase of BEV infection.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219428
PubMed: 31306441
PubMed Central: 6629058


Affiliations:


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PMC:6629058

Le document en format XML

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<p>Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process that mediates lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged organelles, also exerting an important role in the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Despite the antiviral role of autophagy, many studies suggest that some positive-stranded RNA viruses exploit this pathway to facilitate their own replication. In this study, we demonstrate that the equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV), the prototype member of the
<italic>Torovirus</italic>
genus (
<italic>Coronaviridae</italic>
Family,
<italic>Nidovirales</italic>
Order), induces autophagy at late times post-infection. Conversion of microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) from cytosolic (LC3 I) to the membrane associated form (LC3 II), a canonical marker of autophagosome formation, is enhanced in BEV infected cells. However, neither autophagy induction, via starvation, nor pharmacological blockade significantly affect BEV replication. Similarly, BEV infection is not altered in autophagy deficient cells lacking either Beclin 1 or LC3B protein expression. Unexpectedly, the cargo receptor p62, a selective autophagy receptor, aggregates within the region where the BEV main protease (M
<sup>pro</sup>
) localizes. This finding, coupled with observation that BEV replication also induces ER stress at the time when selective autophagy is taking place, suggests that the autophagy pathway is activated in response to the hefty accumulation of virus-encoded polypeptides during the late phase of BEV infection.</p>
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<title-group>
<article-title>Activation of the autophagy pathway by Torovirus infection is irrelevant for virus replication</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Torovirus induced autophagy does not affect virus life cycle</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ávila-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>Ginés</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – original draft</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="currentaff001">
<sup>¤a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Diaz-Beneitez</surname>
<given-names>Elisabet</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cubas-Gaona</surname>
<given-names>Liliana L.</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="currentaff002">
<sup>¤b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nieves-Molina</surname>
<given-names>Gliselle</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="currentaff003">
<sup>¤c</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Juan Ramón</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>José F.</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-4501</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Dolores</given-names>
</name>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal analysis</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Funding acquisition</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Project administration</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Resources</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – original draft</role>
<role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – review & editing</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff001">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff002">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centro de Investigación en Salud Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Alvisi</surname>
<given-names>Gualtiero</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">
<addr-line>University of Padua, ITALY</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="coi001">
<p>
<bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="current-aff" id="currentaff001">
<label>¤a</label>
<p>Current address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="current-aff" id="currentaff002">
<label>¤b</label>
<p>Current address: OIE Reference Laboratory for Gumboro Disease, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit (VIPAC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="current-aff" id="currentaff003">
<label>¤c</label>
<p>Current address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor001">* E-mail:
<email>drodriguez@cnb.csic.es</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<elocation-id>e0219428</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>10</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2018</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>24</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2019 Ávila-Pérez et al</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Ávila-Pérez et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="pone.0219428.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process that mediates lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged organelles, also exerting an important role in the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Despite the antiviral role of autophagy, many studies suggest that some positive-stranded RNA viruses exploit this pathway to facilitate their own replication. In this study, we demonstrate that the equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV), the prototype member of the
<italic>Torovirus</italic>
genus (
<italic>Coronaviridae</italic>
Family,
<italic>Nidovirales</italic>
Order), induces autophagy at late times post-infection. Conversion of microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) from cytosolic (LC3 I) to the membrane associated form (LC3 II), a canonical marker of autophagosome formation, is enhanced in BEV infected cells. However, neither autophagy induction, via starvation, nor pharmacological blockade significantly affect BEV replication. Similarly, BEV infection is not altered in autophagy deficient cells lacking either Beclin 1 or LC3B protein expression. Unexpectedly, the cargo receptor p62, a selective autophagy receptor, aggregates within the region where the BEV main protease (M
<sup>pro</sup>
) localizes. This finding, coupled with observation that BEV replication also induces ER stress at the time when selective autophagy is taking place, suggests that the autophagy pathway is activated in response to the hefty accumulation of virus-encoded polypeptides during the late phase of BEV infection.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="award001">
<funding-source>
<institution>AEI/FEDER</institution>
</funding-source>
<award-id>AGL2010-15495</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient>
<contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-4501</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Dolores</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
<award-group id="award002">
<funding-source>
<institution>AEI/FEDER</institution>
</funding-source>
<award-id>AGL2014-60095-P</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient>
<contrib-id authenticated="true" contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-4501</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Dolores</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
<award-group id="award003">
<funding-source>
<institution-wrap>
<institution-id institution-id-type="funder-id">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003176</institution-id>
<institution>Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<principal-award-recipient>
<name>
<surname>Ávila-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>Ginés</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>This work was supported by AEI/FEDER (EU) under grants AGL2010-15495 and AGL2014-60095-P to D.R and J.F.R. G.A-P was supported by a FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, L.L.C was supported by a pre-doctoral research contract from the International Fellowship Program from La Caixa Foundation and G.N.M. was supported by a pre-doctoral research contract from the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (JAE-Predoc) which was cofinanced by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and FEDER (UE). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or decision to submit the work for publication.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="8"></fig-count>
<table-count count="0"></table-count>
<page-count count="28"></page-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group>
<custom-meta id="data-availability">
<meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name>
<meta-value>All relevant data are within the article and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes>
<title>Data Availability</title>
<p>All relevant data are within the article and its Supporting Information files.</p>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Espagne</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Communauté de Madrid</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Madrid</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Espagne">
<region name="Communauté de Madrid">
<name sortKey="Avila Perez, Gines" sort="Avila Perez, Gines" uniqKey="Avila Perez G" first="Ginés" last="Ávila-Pérez">Ginés Ávila-Pérez</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Cubas Gaona, Liliana L" sort="Cubas Gaona, Liliana L" uniqKey="Cubas Gaona L" first="Liliana L." last="Cubas-Gaona">Liliana L. Cubas-Gaona</name>
<name sortKey="Diaz Beneitez, Elisabet" sort="Diaz Beneitez, Elisabet" uniqKey="Diaz Beneitez E" first="Elisabet" last="Diaz-Beneitez">Elisabet Diaz-Beneitez</name>
<name sortKey="Nieves Molina, Gliselle" sort="Nieves Molina, Gliselle" uniqKey="Nieves Molina G" first="Gliselle" last="Nieves-Molina">Gliselle Nieves-Molina</name>
<name sortKey="Rodriguez, Dolores" sort="Rodriguez, Dolores" uniqKey="Rodriguez D" first="Dolores" last="Rodríguez">Dolores Rodríguez</name>
<name sortKey="Rodriguez, Jose F" sort="Rodriguez, Jose F" uniqKey="Rodriguez J" first="José F." last="Rodríguez">José F. Rodríguez</name>
<name sortKey="Rodriguez, Juan Ram N" sort="Rodriguez, Juan Ram N" uniqKey="Rodriguez J" first="Juan Ram N" last="Rodríguez">Juan Ram N Rodríguez</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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