Estrogen receptor β inhibits breast cancer cells migration and invasion through CLDN6-mediated autophagy
Identifieur interne : 000773 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000772; suivant : 000774Estrogen receptor β inhibits breast cancer cells migration and invasion through CLDN6-mediated autophagy
Auteurs : Peiye Song ; Yanru Li ; Yuan Dong ; Yingying Liang ; Huinan Qu ; Da Qi ; Yan Lu ; Xiangshu Jin ; Yantong Guo ; Yiyang Jia ; Xinqi Wang ; Wenhong Xu ; Chengshi QuanSource :
- Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR [ 0392-9078 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been reported to play an anti-cancer role in breast cancer, but the regulatory mechanism by which ERβ exerts this effect is not clear. Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a tight junction protein, acts as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Our previous studies have found that 17β-estradiol (E2) induces CLDN6 expression and inhibits MCF-7 cell migration and invasion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ERβ in this process and the regulatory mechanisms involved.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot were used to characterize the effect of E2 on the expression of CLDN6 in breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were carried out to confirm the interaction between ERβ and CLDN6. Dual luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the regulatory role of ERβ on the promoter activity of CLDN6. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to detect autophagy. Xenograft mouse models were used to explore the regulatory effect of the CLDN6-beclin1 axis on breast cancer metastasis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect ERβ/CLDN6/beclin1 expression in breast cancer patient samples.
Here, E2 upregulated the expression of CLDN6, which was mediated by ERβ. ERβ regulated CLDN6 expression at the transcriptional level. ERβ inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through CLDN6. Interestingly, this effect was associated with CLDN6-induced autophagy. CLDN6 positively regulated the expression of beclin1, which is a key regulator of autophagy. Beclin1 knockdown reversed CLDN6-induced autophagy and the inhibitory effect of CLDN6 on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, ERβ and CLDN6 were positively correlated, and the expression of CLDN6 was positively correlated with beclin1 in breast cancer tissues.
Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of ERβ on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells was mediated by CLDN6, which induced the beclin1-dependent autophagic cascade.
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1359-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1359-9
PubMed: 31412908
PubMed Central: 6694553
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p id="Par1">Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been reported to play an anti-cancer role in breast cancer, but the regulatory mechanism by which ERβ exerts this effect is not clear. Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a tight junction protein, acts as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Our previous studies have found that 17β-estradiol (E2) induces CLDN6 expression and inhibits MCF-7 cell migration and invasion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ERβ in this process and the regulatory mechanisms involved.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p id="Par2">Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot were used to characterize the effect of E2 on the expression of CLDN6 in breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were carried out to confirm the interaction between ERβ and CLDN6. Dual luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the regulatory role of ERβ on the promoter activity of CLDN6. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to detect autophagy. Xenograft mouse models were used to explore the regulatory effect of the CLDN6-beclin1 axis on breast cancer metastasis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect ERβ/CLDN6/beclin1 expression in breast cancer patient samples.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p id="Par3">Here, E2 upregulated the expression of CLDN6, which was mediated by ERβ. ERβ regulated CLDN6 expression at the transcriptional level. ERβ inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through CLDN6. Interestingly, this effect was associated with CLDN6-induced autophagy. CLDN6 positively regulated the expression of beclin1, which is a key regulator of autophagy. Beclin1 knockdown reversed CLDN6-induced autophagy and the inhibitory effect of CLDN6 on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, ERβ and CLDN6 were positively correlated, and the expression of CLDN6 was positively correlated with beclin1 in breast cancer tissues.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p id="Par4">Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of ERβ on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells was mediated by CLDN6, which induced the beclin1-dependent autophagic cascade.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1359-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res</journal-id>
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<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
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<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6694553</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1359</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13046-019-1359-9</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject>
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<given-names>Yantong</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>guoyt16@mails.jlu.edu.cn</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jia</surname>
<given-names>Yiyang</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>jiayy17@mails.jlu.edu.cn</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Xinqi</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>wangxinqi0213@163.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Wenhong</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>whxu17@mails.jlu.edu.cn</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Quan</surname>
<given-names>Chengshi</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>quancs@jlu.edu.cn</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1760 5735</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.64924.3d</institution-id>
<institution>The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences,</institution>
<institution>Jilin University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>14</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<elocation-id>354</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2019</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p id="Par1">Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been reported to play an anti-cancer role in breast cancer, but the regulatory mechanism by which ERβ exerts this effect is not clear. Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a tight junction protein, acts as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Our previous studies have found that 17β-estradiol (E2) induces CLDN6 expression and inhibits MCF-7 cell migration and invasion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ERβ in this process and the regulatory mechanisms involved.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p id="Par2">Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot were used to characterize the effect of E2 on the expression of CLDN6 in breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were carried out to confirm the interaction between ERβ and CLDN6. Dual luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the regulatory role of ERβ on the promoter activity of CLDN6. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to detect autophagy. Xenograft mouse models were used to explore the regulatory effect of the CLDN6-beclin1 axis on breast cancer metastasis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect ERβ/CLDN6/beclin1 expression in breast cancer patient samples.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p id="Par3">Here, E2 upregulated the expression of CLDN6, which was mediated by ERβ. ERβ regulated CLDN6 expression at the transcriptional level. ERβ inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through CLDN6. Interestingly, this effect was associated with CLDN6-induced autophagy. CLDN6 positively regulated the expression of beclin1, which is a key regulator of autophagy. Beclin1 knockdown reversed CLDN6-induced autophagy and the inhibitory effect of CLDN6 on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, ERβ and CLDN6 were positively correlated, and the expression of CLDN6 was positively correlated with beclin1 in breast cancer tissues.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p id="Par4">Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of ERβ on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells was mediated by CLDN6, which induced the beclin1-dependent autophagic cascade.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1359-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Estrogen receptor β</kwd>
<kwd>CLDN6</kwd>
<kwd>Autophagy</kwd>
<kwd>Migration</kwd>
<kwd>Invasion</kwd>
<kwd>Breast cancer</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>National Natural Science Foundation of China</institution>
</funding-source>
<award-id>8177101731</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Quan</surname>
<given-names>Chengshi</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>Science and Technology Development Projects of Jilin Province</institution>
</funding-source>
<award-id>20180414045GH</award-id>
<award-id>20170623093TC</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Quan</surname>
<given-names>Chengshi</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2019</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Dong, Yuan" sort="Dong, Yuan" uniqKey="Dong Y" first="Yuan" last="Dong">Yuan Dong</name>
<name sortKey="Guo, Yantong" sort="Guo, Yantong" uniqKey="Guo Y" first="Yantong" last="Guo">Yantong Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Jia, Yiyang" sort="Jia, Yiyang" uniqKey="Jia Y" first="Yiyang" last="Jia">Yiyang Jia</name>
<name sortKey="Jin, Xiangshu" sort="Jin, Xiangshu" uniqKey="Jin X" first="Xiangshu" last="Jin">Xiangshu Jin</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Yanru" sort="Li, Yanru" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yanru" last="Li">Yanru Li</name>
<name sortKey="Liang, Yingying" sort="Liang, Yingying" uniqKey="Liang Y" first="Yingying" last="Liang">Yingying Liang</name>
<name sortKey="Lu, Yan" sort="Lu, Yan" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yan" last="Lu">Yan Lu</name>
<name sortKey="Qi, Da" sort="Qi, Da" uniqKey="Qi D" first="Da" last="Qi">Da Qi</name>
<name sortKey="Qu, Huinan" sort="Qu, Huinan" uniqKey="Qu H" first="Huinan" last="Qu">Huinan Qu</name>
<name sortKey="Quan, Chengshi" sort="Quan, Chengshi" uniqKey="Quan C" first="Chengshi" last="Quan">Chengshi Quan</name>
<name sortKey="Song, Peiye" sort="Song, Peiye" uniqKey="Song P" first="Peiye" last="Song">Peiye Song</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Xinqi" sort="Wang, Xinqi" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xinqi" last="Wang">Xinqi Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Wenhong" sort="Xu, Wenhong" uniqKey="Xu W" first="Wenhong" last="Xu">Wenhong Xu</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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