Serveur d'exploration Chloroquine

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study

Identifieur interne : 000626 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000625; suivant : 000627

Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study

Auteurs : Kevin L. Winthrop ; Kenneth Saag ; Matthew D. Cascino ; Jinglan Pei ; Ani John ; Angelika Jahreis ; Tmirah Haselkorn ; Daniel E. Furst

Source :

RBID : PMC:6806017

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term safety of rituximab in an observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had an inadequate response to ≥1 anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in the US (SUNSTONE [Study of the Safety of Rituxan in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After an Inadequate Response to Previous Anti‐TNF Therapy] registry).

Methods

In this prospective, observational cohort study, patients received rituximab according to their physician's standard practice and were evaluated at standard‐of‐care follow‐up visits at least every 6 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of protocol‐defined significant infections. Secondary outcomes included serious adverse events potentially associated with rituximab, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, seizures, deaths, and pregnancies. Post hoc analyses assessed outcomes by concomitant medication use.

Results

Overall, 989 patients (safety‐evaluable population) received ≥1 dose of rituximab, with a total follow‐up of 3,844 patient‐years (mean duration 3.9 years). In total, 341 significant infections occurred in 197 patients (19.9%). The incidence rates (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) for significant infections, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, and seizures were 8.87 (95% CI 7.98–9.86), 1.95 (95% CI 1.56–2.45), and 0.18 (95% CI 0.09–0.38) per 100 patient‐years, respectively. The incidence of significant infections did not increase with time or with cumulative rituximab exposure. During the study, 64 patients died (crude mortality rate 1.66 per 100 patient‐years [95% CI 1.30–2.13]). The most common causes of death were infections (n = 19), malignancy (n = 14), and cardiovascular events (n = 13). Eight pregnancies were reported in 7 patients.

Conclusion

In patients with RA treated with rituximab for up to 5 years, the rates of significant infections were stable over time and higher in patients who received long‐term systemic steroid treatment.


Url:
DOI: 10.1002/acr.23781
PubMed: 30295434
PubMed Central: 6806017


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

PMC:6806017

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winthrop, Kevin L" sort="Winthrop, Kevin L" uniqKey="Winthrop K" first="Kevin L." last="Winthrop">Kevin L. Winthrop</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saag, Kenneth" sort="Saag, Kenneth" uniqKey="Saag K" first="Kenneth" last="Saag">Kenneth Saag</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cascino, Matthew D" sort="Cascino, Matthew D" uniqKey="Cascino M" first="Matthew D." last="Cascino">Matthew D. Cascino</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pei, Jinglan" sort="Pei, Jinglan" uniqKey="Pei J" first="Jinglan" last="Pei">Jinglan Pei</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="John, Ani" sort="John, Ani" uniqKey="John A" first="Ani" last="John">Ani John</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jahreis, Angelika" sort="Jahreis, Angelika" uniqKey="Jahreis A" first="Angelika" last="Jahreis">Angelika Jahreis</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haselkorn, Tmirah" sort="Haselkorn, Tmirah" uniqKey="Haselkorn T" first="Tmirah" last="Haselkorn">Tmirah Haselkorn</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Furst, Daniel E" sort="Furst, Daniel E" uniqKey="Furst D" first="Daniel E." last="Furst">Daniel E. Furst</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0004"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">30295434</idno>
<idno type="pmc">6806017</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6806017</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:6806017</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/acr.23781</idno>
<date when="2019">2019</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000412</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000412</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000412</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000412</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000626</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000626</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winthrop, Kevin L" sort="Winthrop, Kevin L" uniqKey="Winthrop K" first="Kevin L." last="Winthrop">Kevin L. Winthrop</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saag, Kenneth" sort="Saag, Kenneth" uniqKey="Saag K" first="Kenneth" last="Saag">Kenneth Saag</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cascino, Matthew D" sort="Cascino, Matthew D" uniqKey="Cascino M" first="Matthew D." last="Cascino">Matthew D. Cascino</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pei, Jinglan" sort="Pei, Jinglan" uniqKey="Pei J" first="Jinglan" last="Pei">Jinglan Pei</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="John, Ani" sort="John, Ani" uniqKey="John A" first="Ani" last="John">Ani John</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jahreis, Angelika" sort="Jahreis, Angelika" uniqKey="Jahreis A" first="Angelika" last="Jahreis">Angelika Jahreis</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haselkorn, Tmirah" sort="Haselkorn, Tmirah" uniqKey="Haselkorn T" first="Tmirah" last="Haselkorn">Tmirah Haselkorn</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Furst, Daniel E" sort="Furst, Daniel E" uniqKey="Furst D" first="Daniel E." last="Furst">Daniel E. Furst</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="acr23781-aff-0004"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Arthritis Care & Research</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2151-464X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2151-4658</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2019">2019</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0001">
<title>Objective</title>
<p>To evaluate the long‐term safety of rituximab in an observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">RA</styled-content>
) who had an inadequate response to ≥1 anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in the
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">US</styled-content>
(
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">SUNSTONE</styled-content>
[Study of the Safety of Rituxan in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After an Inadequate Response to Previous Anti‐
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">TNF</styled-content>
Therapy] registry).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0002">
<title>Methods</title>
<p>In this prospective, observational cohort study, patients received rituximab according to their physician's standard practice and were evaluated at standard‐of‐care follow‐up visits at least every 6 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of protocol‐defined significant infections. Secondary outcomes included serious adverse events potentially associated with rituximab, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, seizures, deaths, and pregnancies. Post hoc analyses assessed outcomes by concomitant medication use.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0003">
<title>Results</title>
<p>Overall, 989 patients (safety‐evaluable population) received ≥1 dose of rituximab, with a total follow‐up of 3,844 patient‐years (mean duration 3.9 years). In total, 341 significant infections occurred in 197 patients (19.9%). The incidence rates (95% confidence intervals [95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
s]) for significant infections, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, and seizures were 8.87 (95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
7.98–9.86), 1.95 (95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
1.56–2.45), and 0.18 (95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
0.09–0.38) per 100 patient‐years, respectively. The incidence of significant infections did not increase with time or with cumulative rituximab exposure. During the study, 64 patients died (crude mortality rate 1.66 per 100 patient‐years [95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
1.30–2.13]). The most common causes of death were infections (n = 19), malignancy (n = 14), and cardiovascular events (n = 13). Eight pregnancies were reported in 7 patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0004">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>In patients with
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">RA</styled-content>
treated with rituximab for up to 5 years, the rates of significant infections were stable over time and higher in patients who received long‐term systemic steroid treatment.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1002/(ISSN)2151-4658</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ACR</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Arthritis Care & Research</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2151-464X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2151-4658</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>John Wiley and Sons Inc.</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Hoboken</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30295434</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6806017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/acr.23781</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ACR23781</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="overline">
<subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Rheumatoid Arthritis</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0001" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Winthrop</surname>
<given-names>Kevin L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0001">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<address>
<email>winthrop@ohsu.edu</email>
</address>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0002" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saag</surname>
<given-names>Kenneth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0002">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0003" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cascino</surname>
<given-names>Matthew D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0004" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pei</surname>
<given-names>Jinglan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0005" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>John</surname>
<given-names>Ani</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0006" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jahreis</surname>
<given-names>Angelika</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0007" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Haselkorn</surname>
<given-names>Tmirah</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0003">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0008" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Furst</surname>
<given-names>Daniel E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="acr23781-aff-0004">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0009" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Abdulky</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0010" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Abeles</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0011" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Adelglass</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0012" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0013" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alloway</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0014" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alper</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0015" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Anand</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0016" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Anderson</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0017" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arora</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0018" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Askari</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0019" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baca</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0020" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bacha</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0021" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bagheri</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0022" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ballou</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0023" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bennett</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0024" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bidula</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0025" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blumstein</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0026" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bognar</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0027" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bohan</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0028" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boniske</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0029" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borofsky</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0030" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Box</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0031" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Braun</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0032" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brennan</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0033" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brent</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0034" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cabalar</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0035" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carteron</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0036" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chaudhary</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0037" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chauhan</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0038" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cima</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0039" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cochinwala</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0040" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0041" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Colburn</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0042" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Conaway</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0043" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Danning</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0044" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dao</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0045" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dean</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0046" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Diab</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0047" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Diegel</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0048" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ditzian‐Kadanoff</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0049" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dowd</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0050" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dugowson</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0051" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eggebeen</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0052" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>El‐Kadi</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0053" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feinberg</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0054" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feinman</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0055" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feinstein</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0056" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fischer</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0057" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Foad</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0058" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fondal</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0059" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fraser</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0060" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fraser</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0061" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Freeman</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0062" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garber</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0063" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Goldstein</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0064" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Golombek</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0065" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Greenstein</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0066" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Greenwald</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0067" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hakim</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0068" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Halla</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0069" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hallegua</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0070" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Han</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0071" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0072" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hauptman</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0073" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hirsh</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0074" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoffman</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0075" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Huntwork</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0076" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Husni</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0077" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hyer</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0078" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hymowitz</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0079" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
<suffix>III</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0080" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kanagasegar</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0081" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kappes</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0082" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Keating</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0083" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0084" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0085" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
<suffix>II</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0086" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Klashman</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0087" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Knee</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0088" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kolba</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0089" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krick</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0090" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krug</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0091" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0092" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lakhanpal</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0093" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lang</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0094" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lauter</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0095" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lawrence Ford</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0096" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0097" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0098" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leisen</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0099" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Levine</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0100" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lidman</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0101" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lipstate</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0102" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Malinak</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0103" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marcus</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0104" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0105" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mehta</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0106" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melton</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0107" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Metyas</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0108" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0109" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moidel</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0110" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0111" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mossell</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
<suffix>III</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0112" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Munoz</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0113" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0114" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nami</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0115" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nascimento</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0116" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neal</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0117" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiman</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0118" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neuwelt</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0119" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0120" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Niemer</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0121" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oelke</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0122" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oza</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0123" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pachaidee</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0124" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Patel</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0125" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pegram</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0126" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Penmetcha</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0127" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Perkins</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0128" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Perl</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0129" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peterson</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0130" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pittsley</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0131" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Portnoff</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0132" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rahmani</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0133" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Raja</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0134" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ratnoff</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0135" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rezaian</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0136" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rhea</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0137" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rice</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0138" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ridley</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0139" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rivadeneira</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0140" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rizzo</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0141" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roane</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0142" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rocca</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0143" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosen</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0144" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saikali</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0145" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saitta</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0146" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sankoorikal</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0147" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saway</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0148" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schneider</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0149" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schwartzman</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0150" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scoville</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0151" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shergy</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0152" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shiel</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0153" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shurmur</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0154" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sikes</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0155" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Singhal</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0156" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Snyder</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0157" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Songcharoen</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0158" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sosenko</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0159" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Soto Raices</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0160" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stahl</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0161" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stark</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0162" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Strachan</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0163" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stupi</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0164" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0165" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sylvester</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0166" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tabechian</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0167" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tagoe</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0168" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0169" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thakker</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0170" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thakor</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0171" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thakur</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0172" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tidmore</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0173" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Toth</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0174" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Trostle</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0175" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Udell</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0176" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Van de Stouwe</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0177" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Venuturupalli</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0178" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weiss</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0179" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weselman</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0180" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Winn</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0181" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yung</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0182" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zable</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="acr23781-cr-0183" contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zamiri</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="contrib" rid="acr23781-cr-0008"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="acr23781-aff-0001">
<label>
<sup>1</sup>
</label>
<institution>Oregon Health and Science University</institution>
<city>Portland</city>
</aff>
<aff id="acr23781-aff-0002">
<label>
<sup>2</sup>
</label>
<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="acr23781-aff-0003">
<label>
<sup>3</sup>
</label>
<institution>Genentech, Inc.</institution>
<city>South San Francisco</city>
<named-content content-type="country-part">California</named-content>
</aff>
<aff id="acr23781-aff-0004">
<label>
<sup>4</sup>
</label>
<institution>University of California</institution>
<city>Los Angeles</city>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="correspondenceTo">
<label>*</label>
Address correspondence to Kevin L. Winthrop, MD, MPH, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239‐3098. E‐mail:
<email>winthrop@ohsu.edu</email>
.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>8</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/acr.v71.8</issue-id>
<fpage>993</fpage>
<lpage>1003</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>29</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2018</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>02</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2018</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<pmc-comment> © 2019 American College of Rheumatology </pmc-comment>
<copyright-statement content-type="article-copyright">© 2018, The Authors.
<italic>Arthritis Care & Research</italic>
published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="creativeCommonsBy-nc-nd">
<license-p>This is an open access article under the terms of the
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ext-link>
License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="file:ACR-71-993.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract id="acr23781-abs-0001">
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0001">
<title>Objective</title>
<p>To evaluate the long‐term safety of rituximab in an observational cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">RA</styled-content>
) who had an inadequate response to ≥1 anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in the
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">US</styled-content>
(
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">SUNSTONE</styled-content>
[Study of the Safety of Rituxan in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After an Inadequate Response to Previous Anti‐
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">TNF</styled-content>
Therapy] registry).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0002">
<title>Methods</title>
<p>In this prospective, observational cohort study, patients received rituximab according to their physician's standard practice and were evaluated at standard‐of‐care follow‐up visits at least every 6 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of protocol‐defined significant infections. Secondary outcomes included serious adverse events potentially associated with rituximab, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, seizures, deaths, and pregnancies. Post hoc analyses assessed outcomes by concomitant medication use.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0003">
<title>Results</title>
<p>Overall, 989 patients (safety‐evaluable population) received ≥1 dose of rituximab, with a total follow‐up of 3,844 patient‐years (mean duration 3.9 years). In total, 341 significant infections occurred in 197 patients (19.9%). The incidence rates (95% confidence intervals [95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
s]) for significant infections, cardiovascular or thrombotic events, and seizures were 8.87 (95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
7.98–9.86), 1.95 (95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
1.56–2.45), and 0.18 (95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
0.09–0.38) per 100 patient‐years, respectively. The incidence of significant infections did not increase with time or with cumulative rituximab exposure. During the study, 64 patients died (crude mortality rate 1.66 per 100 patient‐years [95%
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">CI</styled-content>
1.30–2.13]). The most common causes of death were infections (n = 19), malignancy (n = 14), and cardiovascular events (n = 13). Eight pregnancies were reported in 7 patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="acr23781-sec-0004">
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>In patients with
<styled-content style="fixed-case" toggle="no">RA</styled-content>
treated with rituximab for up to 5 years, the rates of significant infections were stable over time and higher in patients who received long‐term systemic steroid treatment.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="funding-0001">
<funding-source>
<institution-wrap>
<institution>F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd./Genentech, Inc. </institution>
<institution-id institution-id-type="open-funder-registry">10.13039/100004337</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="4"></fig-count>
<table-count count="1"></table-count>
<page-count count="11"></page-count>
<word-count count="7997"></word-count>
</counts>
<custom-meta-group>
<custom-meta>
<meta-name>source-schema-version-number</meta-name>
<meta-value>2.0</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
<custom-meta>
<meta-name>cover-date</meta-name>
<meta-value>August 2019</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
<custom-meta>
<meta-name>details-of-publishers-convertor</meta-name>
<meta-value>Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.0 mode:remove_FC converted:23.10.2019</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
<notes>
<fn-group id="acr23781-ntgp-0001">
<fn id="acr23781-note-1001">
<p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00443443.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="acr23781-note-1002">
<p>Supported by F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd. and Genentech, Inc.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="acr23781-note-1004">
<p>Dr. Winthrop has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Pfizer, and UCB (less than $10,000 each). Dr. Saag has received grants/research support from Ironwood/AstraZeneca, Horizon, SOBI, and Takeda and has received consulting fees from Ironwood/AstraZeneca, Horizon, SOBI, and Takeda (less than $10,000 each). Dr. Haselkorn has received consulting fees from Genentech, Inc. (less than $10,000). Dr. Furst has received grants/research support from AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Cytori, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech (less than $10,000 each). No other disclosures relevant to this article were reported.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="acr23781-note-4004">
<p>The copyright line for this article was changed on 21 October 2019 after original online publication.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
</notes>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list></list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Cascino, Matthew D" sort="Cascino, Matthew D" uniqKey="Cascino M" first="Matthew D." last="Cascino">Matthew D. Cascino</name>
<name sortKey="Furst, Daniel E" sort="Furst, Daniel E" uniqKey="Furst D" first="Daniel E." last="Furst">Daniel E. Furst</name>
<name sortKey="Haselkorn, Tmirah" sort="Haselkorn, Tmirah" uniqKey="Haselkorn T" first="Tmirah" last="Haselkorn">Tmirah Haselkorn</name>
<name sortKey="Jahreis, Angelika" sort="Jahreis, Angelika" uniqKey="Jahreis A" first="Angelika" last="Jahreis">Angelika Jahreis</name>
<name sortKey="John, Ani" sort="John, Ani" uniqKey="John A" first="Ani" last="John">Ani John</name>
<name sortKey="Pei, Jinglan" sort="Pei, Jinglan" uniqKey="Pei J" first="Jinglan" last="Pei">Jinglan Pei</name>
<name sortKey="Saag, Kenneth" sort="Saag, Kenneth" uniqKey="Saag K" first="Kenneth" last="Saag">Kenneth Saag</name>
<name sortKey="Winthrop, Kevin L" sort="Winthrop, Kevin L" uniqKey="Winthrop K" first="Kevin L." last="Winthrop">Kevin L. Winthrop</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/ChloroquineV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000626 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000626 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    ChloroquineV1
   |flux=    Pmc
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:6806017
   |texte=   Long‐Term Safety of Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Five‐Year Observational Study
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:30295434" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ChloroquineV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Wed Mar 25 22:43:59 2020. Site generation: Sun Jan 31 12:44:45 2021