Comparison between in vitro toxicities of tobacco- and menthol-flavored electronic cigarette liquids on human middle ear epithelial cells
Identifieur interne : 000170 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000169; suivant : 000171Comparison between in vitro toxicities of tobacco- and menthol-flavored electronic cigarette liquids on human middle ear epithelial cells
Auteurs : Yoon Young Go [Corée du Sud] ; Ji Yoen Mun [Corée du Sud] ; Sung-Won Chae [Corée du Sud] ; Jiwon Chang [Corée du Sud] ; Jae-Jun Song [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Since electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are considered less toxic than conventional tobacco smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased, and the market for e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) is continuously increasing. However, many studies showed that e-cigarettes may cause various harmful effects in lung, oral and heart. In this study, we investigated the effects of e-liquids on otitis media (OM) using human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). Menthol-flavored e-liquid induced significant cell death in HMEECs (IC50: 1.45 ± 0.14%) and tobacco-flavored e-liquid led to increase in inflammatory cytokine levels and higher mucin production. Flavored e-liquids decreased the mRNA levels of genes encoding epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in HMEECs. Apoptosis and autophagy reactions were induced by exposure of HMEECs to menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-liquids. Tobacco-flavored e-liquids caused a greater increase in the levels of autophagosome marker, LC3-II, compared to menthol-flavored e-liquids, which was followed by cell death. These results demonstrate that flavored e-liquids cause cytotoxicity via apoptosis, autophagy, inflammatory response, and mucin production in HMEECs. The flavors present in e-liquids might be a risk factor for the development of otitis media.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59290-y
PubMed: 32054887
PubMed Central: 7018737
Affiliations:
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Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mun, Ji Yoen" sort="Mun, Ji Yoen" uniqKey="Mun J" first="Ji Yoen" last="Mun">Ji Yoen Mun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0840 2678</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.222754.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,</institution><institution>Korea University College of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Seoul, Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chae, Sung Won" sort="Chae, Sung Won" uniqKey="Chae S" first="Sung-Won" last="Chae">Sung-Won Chae</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 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Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Jae Jun" sort="Song, Jae Jun" uniqKey="Song J" first="Jae-Jun" last="Song">Jae-Jun Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0840 2678</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.222754.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,</institution><institution>Korea University College of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Seoul, Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">Since electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are considered less toxic than conventional tobacco smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased, and the market for e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) is continuously increasing. However, many studies showed that e-cigarettes may cause various harmful effects in lung, oral and heart. In this study, we investigated the effects of e-liquids on otitis media (OM) using human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). Menthol-flavored e-liquid induced significant cell death in HMEECs (IC<sub>50</sub>: 1.45 ± 0.14%) and tobacco-flavored e-liquid led to increase in inflammatory cytokine levels and higher mucin production. Flavored e-liquids decreased the mRNA levels of genes encoding epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in HMEECs. Apoptosis and autophagy reactions were induced by exposure of HMEECs to menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-liquids. Tobacco-flavored e-liquids caused a greater increase in the levels of autophagosome marker, LC3-II, compared to menthol-flavored e-liquids, which was followed by cell death. These results demonstrate that flavored e-liquids cause cytotoxicity via apoptosis, autophagy, inflammatory response, and mucin production in HMEECs. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32054887</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7018737</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">59290</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41598-020-59290-y</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Comparison between <italic>in vitro</italic> toxicities of tobacco- and menthol-flavored electronic cigarette liquids on human middle ear epithelial cells</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Go</surname><given-names>Yoon Young</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mun</surname><given-names>Ji Yoen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chae</surname><given-names>Sung-Won</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Jiwon</given-names></name><address><email>brune77@hallym.ac.kr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Jae-Jun</given-names></name><address><email>entsong@korea.ac.kr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0840 2678</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.222754.4</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,</institution><institution>Korea University College of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Seoul, Korea</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0470 5964</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.256753.0</institution-id><institution>Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,</institution><institution>Hallym University College of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Seoul, Korea</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><elocation-id>2544</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>6</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>1</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2020</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">Since electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are considered less toxic than conventional tobacco smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased, and the market for e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) is continuously increasing. However, many studies showed that e-cigarettes may cause various harmful effects in lung, oral and heart. In this study, we investigated the effects of e-liquids on otitis media (OM) using human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). Menthol-flavored e-liquid induced significant cell death in HMEECs (IC<sub>50</sub>: 1.45 ± 0.14%) and tobacco-flavored e-liquid led to increase in inflammatory cytokine levels and higher mucin production. Flavored e-liquids decreased the mRNA levels of genes encoding epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in HMEECs. Apoptosis and autophagy reactions were induced by exposure of HMEECs to menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-liquids. Tobacco-flavored e-liquids caused a greater increase in the levels of autophagosome marker, LC3-II, compared to menthol-flavored e-liquids, which was followed by cell death. These results demonstrate that flavored e-liquids cause cytotoxicity via apoptosis, autophagy, inflammatory response, and mucin production in HMEECs. The flavors present in e-liquids might be a risk factor for the development of otitis media.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="npg-subject"><title>Subject terms</title><kwd>Autophagy</kwd><kwd>Medical research</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725</institution-id><institution>National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>NRF-2015R1C1A1A01054397</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Jiwon</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2020</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li></country></list><tree><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Go, Yoon Young" sort="Go, Yoon Young" uniqKey="Go Y" first="Yoon Young" last="Go">Yoon Young Go</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chae, Sung Won" sort="Chae, Sung Won" uniqKey="Chae S" first="Sung-Won" last="Chae">Sung-Won Chae</name><name sortKey="Chang, Jiwon" sort="Chang, Jiwon" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jiwon" last="Chang">Jiwon Chang</name><name sortKey="Mun, Ji Yoen" sort="Mun, Ji Yoen" uniqKey="Mun J" first="Ji Yoen" last="Mun">Ji Yoen Mun</name><name sortKey="Song, Jae Jun" sort="Song, Jae Jun" uniqKey="Song J" first="Jae-Jun" last="Song">Jae-Jun Song</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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