A Combination of Rosa Canina Extracts and Gold Complex Favors Apoptosis of Caco-2 Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Identifieur interne : 000D73 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000D72; suivant : 000D74A Combination of Rosa Canina Extracts and Gold Complex Favors Apoptosis of Caco-2 Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Auteurs : Inés Mármol ; Nerea Jiménez-Moreno ; Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta ; Jesús Osada [Espagne] ; Elena Cerrada [Espagne] ; María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi [Espagne]Source :
- Antioxidants [ 2076-3921 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Given the alarming increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, novel therapies are urgently needed. Plant-derived extracts have gained considerable interest in the last years due to their strong anticancer effect mediated by their unique bioactive compounds. Specifically, rosehips from
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010017
PubMed: 31878141
PubMed Central: 7023183
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000410
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000410
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000A72
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7023183Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Combination of <italic>Rosa Canina</italic> Extracts and Gold Complex Favors Apoptosis of Caco-2 Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction</title><author><name sortKey="Marmol, Ines" sort="Marmol, Ines" uniqKey="Marmol I" first="Inés" last="Mármol">Inés Mármol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>ines.marmol9@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Moreno, Nerea" sort="Jimenez Moreno, Nerea" uniqKey="Jimenez Moreno N" first="Nerea" last="Jiménez-Moreno">Nerea Jiménez-Moreno</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, INAMAT, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;<email>nerea.jimenez@unavarra.es</email> (N.J.-M.);<email>ancin@unavarra.es</email> (C.A.-A.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ancin Azpilicueta, Carmen" sort="Ancin Azpilicueta, Carmen" uniqKey="Ancin Azpilicueta C" first="Carmen" last="Ancín-Azpilicueta">Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, INAMAT, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;<email>nerea.jimenez@unavarra.es</email> (N.J.-M.);<email>ancin@unavarra.es</email> (C.A.-A.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osada, Jesus" sort="Osada, Jesus" uniqKey="Osada J" first="Jesús" last="Osada">Jesús Osada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>josada@unizar.es</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af4-antioxidants-09-00017">Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Aragon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, Elena" sort="Cerrada, Elena" uniqKey="Cerrada E" first="Elena" last="Cerrada">Elena Cerrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af5-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Aragon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, Maria Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Yoldi, Maria Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M" first="María Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Yoldi">María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>ines.marmol9@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af4-antioxidants-09-00017">Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Aragon</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31878141</idno><idno type="pmc">7023183</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023183</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7023183</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/antiox9010017</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000410</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A72</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A72</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000D73</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Combination of <italic>Rosa Canina</italic> Extracts and Gold Complex Favors Apoptosis of Caco-2 Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction</title><author><name sortKey="Marmol, Ines" sort="Marmol, Ines" uniqKey="Marmol I" first="Inés" last="Mármol">Inés Mármol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>ines.marmol9@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Moreno, Nerea" sort="Jimenez Moreno, Nerea" uniqKey="Jimenez Moreno N" first="Nerea" last="Jiménez-Moreno">Nerea Jiménez-Moreno</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, INAMAT, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;<email>nerea.jimenez@unavarra.es</email> (N.J.-M.);<email>ancin@unavarra.es</email> (C.A.-A.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ancin Azpilicueta, Carmen" sort="Ancin Azpilicueta, Carmen" uniqKey="Ancin Azpilicueta C" first="Carmen" last="Ancín-Azpilicueta">Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, INAMAT, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;<email>nerea.jimenez@unavarra.es</email> (N.J.-M.);<email>ancin@unavarra.es</email> (C.A.-A.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osada, Jesus" sort="Osada, Jesus" uniqKey="Osada J" first="Jesús" last="Osada">Jesús Osada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>josada@unizar.es</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af4-antioxidants-09-00017">Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Aragon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, Elena" sort="Cerrada, Elena" uniqKey="Cerrada E" first="Elena" last="Cerrada">Elena Cerrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af5-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Aragon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, Maria Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Yoldi, Maria Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M" first="María Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Yoldi">María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-09-00017">Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>ines.marmol9@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af4-antioxidants-09-00017">Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Aragon</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Antioxidants</title><idno type="eISSN">2076-3921</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Given the alarming increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, novel therapies are urgently needed. Plant-derived extracts have gained considerable interest in the last years due to their strong anticancer effect mediated by their unique bioactive compounds. Specifically, rosehips from <italic>Rosa canina</italic> have been successfully tested against several cancer models, including colon cancer. Moreover, gold derivatives are a promising alternative to the current platinum-based drugs commonly used in CRC chemotherapy due to their lack of affinity for DNA. Herein we have investigated the antitumor potential of a drug combination made of acidic polyphenols extracted from <italic>R. canina</italic> and the gold complex (Au(C≡C-2-NC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) (PTA)) in Caco-2 cell line as a model of CRC. The combination triggered strong apoptosis mediated by a blockage of the autophagic flux, which might be a consequence of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and mitochondrial dysfunctionality. Our results suggest that the clinical application of plant polyphenols might enhance the anticancer effect of metallodrugs and reduce drug exposure time and therefore its side effects.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, P Y" uniqKey="Zhang P">P.Y. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ci, Y" uniqKey="Ci Y">Y. Ci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiao, J" uniqKey="Qiao J">J. Qiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, M" uniqKey="Han M">M. Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, L" uniqKey="Han L">L. Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Y" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, S" uniqKey="Sun S">S. Sun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tang, X L" uniqKey="Tang X">X.L. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, L" uniqKey="Yan L">L. Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, L" uniqKey="Zhu L">L. Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiao, D M" uniqKey="Jiao D">D.M. Jiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J" uniqKey="Chen J">J. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Q Y" uniqKey="Chen Q">Q.Y. Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brahmi, D" uniqKey="Brahmi D">D. Brahmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ayed, Y" uniqKey="Ayed Y">Y. Ayed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hfaiedh, M" uniqKey="Hfaiedh M">M. Hfaiedh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouaziz, C" uniqKey="Bouaziz C">C. Bouaziz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mansour, H B" uniqKey="Mansour H">H.B. Mansour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zourgui, L" uniqKey="Zourgui L">L. Zourgui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bacha, H" uniqKey="Bacha H">H. Bacha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Divya, M K" uniqKey="Divya M">M.K. Divya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lincy, L" uniqKey="Lincy L">L. Lincy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raghavamenon, A C" uniqKey="Raghavamenon A">A.C. Raghavamenon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, T D" uniqKey="Babu T">T.D. Babu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Czyzowska, A" uniqKey="Czyzowska A">A. Czyzowska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klewicka, E" uniqKey="Klewicka E">E. Klewicka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pogorzelski, E" uniqKey="Pogorzelski E">E. Pogorzelski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nowak, A" uniqKey="Nowak A">A. Nowak</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marmol, I" uniqKey="Marmol I">I. Marmol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez De Diego, C" uniqKey="Sanchez De Diego C">C. Sanchez-de-Diego</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Moreno, N" uniqKey="Jimenez Moreno N">N. Jimenez-Moreno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ancin Azpilicueta, C" uniqKey="Ancin Azpilicueta C">C. Ancin-Azpilicueta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodriguez-Yoldi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arnold, M" uniqKey="Arnold M">M. Arnold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sierra, M S" uniqKey="Sierra M">M.S. Sierra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laversanne, M" uniqKey="Laversanne M">M. Laversanne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soerjomataram, I" uniqKey="Soerjomataram I">I. Soerjomataram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jemal, A" uniqKey="Jemal A">A. Jemal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bray, F" uniqKey="Bray F">F. Bray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marmol, I" uniqKey="Marmol I">I. Marmol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez De Diego, C" uniqKey="Sanchez De Diego C">C. Sanchez-de-Diego</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pradilla Dieste, A" uniqKey="Pradilla Dieste A">A. Pradilla Dieste</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, E" uniqKey="Cerrada E">E. Cerrada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodriguez Yoldi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marmol, I" uniqKey="Marmol I">I. Marmol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quero, J" uniqKey="Quero J">J. Quero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodriguez Yoldi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nardon, C" uniqKey="Nardon C">C. Nardon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boscutti, G" uniqKey="Boscutti G">G. Boscutti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fregona, D" uniqKey="Fregona D">D. Fregona</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marmol, I" uniqKey="Marmol I">I. Marmol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quero, J" uniqKey="Quero J">J. Quero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodriguez-Yoldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, E" uniqKey="Cerrada E">E. Cerrada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mohan, A" uniqKey="Mohan A">A. Mohan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Narayanan, S" uniqKey="Narayanan S">S. Narayanan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sethuraman, S" uniqKey="Sethuraman S">S. Sethuraman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krishnan, U M" uniqKey="Krishnan U">U.M. Krishnan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vergara, E" uniqKey="Vergara E">E. Vergara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, E" uniqKey="Cerrada E">E. Cerrada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casini, A" uniqKey="Casini A">A. Casini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zava, O" uniqKey="Zava O">O. Zava</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laguna, M" uniqKey="Laguna M">M. Laguna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dyson, P J" uniqKey="Dyson P">P.J. Dyson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marmol, I" uniqKey="Marmol I">I. Marmol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Virumbrales Munoz, M" uniqKey="Virumbrales Munoz M">M. Virumbrales-Munoz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quero, J" uniqKey="Quero J">J. Quero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez De Diego, C" uniqKey="Sanchez De Diego C">C. Sanchez-de-Diego</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, L" uniqKey="Fernandez L">L. Fernandez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ochoa, I" uniqKey="Ochoa I">I. Ochoa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, E" uniqKey="Cerrada E">E. Cerrada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodríguez-Yoldi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jimenez, S" uniqKey="Jimenez S">S. Jimenez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gascon, S" uniqKey="Gascon S">S. Gascon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luquin, A" uniqKey="Luquin A">A. Luquin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laguna, M" uniqKey="Laguna M">M. Laguna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ancin Azpilicueta, C" uniqKey="Ancin Azpilicueta C">C. Ancin-Azpilicueta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodriguez-Yoldi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Natoli, M" uniqKey="Natoli M">M. Natoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leoni, B D" uniqKey="Leoni B">B.D. Leoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Gnano, I" uniqKey="D Gnano I">I. D’Agnano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zucco, F" uniqKey="Zucco F">F. Zucco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Felsani, A" uniqKey="Felsani A">A. Felsani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, L" uniqKey="Zhao L">L. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Au, J L" uniqKey="Au J">J.L. Au</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wientjes, M G" uniqKey="Wientjes M">M.G. Wientjes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Foucquier, J" uniqKey="Foucquier J">J. Foucquier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guedj, M" uniqKey="Guedj M">M. Guedj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanchez De Diego, C" uniqKey="Sanchez De Diego C">C. Sanchez-de-Diego</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marmol, I" uniqKey="Marmol I">I. Marmol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, R" uniqKey="Perez R">R. Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gascon, S" uniqKey="Gascon S">S. Gascon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, M J" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M">M.J. Rodriguez-Yoldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerrada, E" uniqKey="Cerrada E">E. Cerrada</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sambuy, Y" uniqKey="Sambuy Y">Y. Sambuy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Angelis, I" uniqKey="Angelis I">I. Angelis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ranaldi, G" uniqKey="Ranaldi G">G. Ranaldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scarino, M L" uniqKey="Scarino M">M.L. Scarino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stammati, A" uniqKey="Stammati A">A. Stammati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zucco, F" uniqKey="Zucco F">F. Zucco</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zeller, P" uniqKey="Zeller P">P. Zeller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bricks, T" uniqKey="Bricks T">T. Bricks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vidal, G" uniqKey="Vidal G">G. Vidal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacques, S" uniqKey="Jacques S">S. Jacques</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anton, P M" uniqKey="Anton P">P.M. Anton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leclerc, E" uniqKey="Leclerc E">E. Leclerc</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ivanova, D" uniqKey="Ivanova D">D. Ivanova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhelev, Z" uniqKey="Zhelev Z">Z. Zhelev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Semkova, S" uniqKey="Semkova S">S. Semkova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aoki, I" uniqKey="Aoki I">I. Aoki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bakalova, R" uniqKey="Bakalova R">R. Bakalova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mohamadi Yarijani, Z" uniqKey="Mohamadi Yarijani Z">Z. Mohamadi Yarijani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Godini, A" uniqKey="Godini A">A. Godini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madani, S H" uniqKey="Madani S">S.H. Madani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Najafi, H" uniqKey="Najafi H">H. Najafi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamza, A A" uniqKey="Hamza A">A.A. Hamza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elwy, H M" uniqKey="Elwy H">H.M. Elwy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badawi, A M" uniqKey="Badawi A">A.M. Badawi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Nunzio, M" uniqKey="Di Nunzio M">M. Di Nunzio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Picone, G" uniqKey="Picone G">G. Picone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pasini, F" uniqKey="Pasini F">F. Pasini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caboni, M F" uniqKey="Caboni M">M.F. Caboni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gianotti, A" uniqKey="Gianotti A">A. Gianotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bordoni, A" uniqKey="Bordoni A">A. Bordoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Capozzi, F" uniqKey="Capozzi F">F. Capozzi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, D" uniqKey="Chen D">D. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, J" uniqKey="Yu J">J. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shen, H M" uniqKey="Shen H">H.M. Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Codogno, P" uniqKey="Codogno P">P. Codogno</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsuzawa Ishimoto, Y" uniqKey="Matsuzawa Ishimoto Y">Y. Matsuzawa-Ishimoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shono, Y" uniqKey="Shono Y">Y. Shono</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomez, L E" uniqKey="Gomez L">L.E. Gomez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hubbard Lucey, V M" uniqKey="Hubbard Lucey V">V.M. Hubbard-Lucey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cammer, M" uniqKey="Cammer M">M. Cammer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neil, J" uniqKey="Neil J">J. Neil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dewan, M Z" uniqKey="Dewan M">M.Z. Dewan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lieberman, S R" uniqKey="Lieberman S">S.R. Lieberman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lazrak, A" uniqKey="Lazrak A">A. Lazrak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marinis, J M" uniqKey="Marinis J">J.M. Marinis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, H J" uniqKey="Kim H">H.J. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, K E" uniqKey="Hwang K">K.E. Hwang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, D S" uniqKey="Park D">D.S. Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, S H" uniqKey="Oh S">S.H. Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jun, H Y" uniqKey="Jun H">H.Y. Jun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, K H" uniqKey="Yoon K">K.H. Yoon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeong, E T" uniqKey="Jeong E">E.T. Jeong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, H R" uniqKey="Kim H">H.R. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y S" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y.S. Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Honscheid, P" uniqKey="Honscheid P">P. Honscheid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Datta, K" uniqKey="Datta K">K. Datta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muders, M H" uniqKey="Muders M">M.H. Muders</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="He, R" uniqKey="He R">R. He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, X" uniqKey="Shi X">X. Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, M" uniqKey="Zhou M">M. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Y" uniqKey="Zhao Y">Y. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, S" uniqKey="Pan S">S. Pan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, C" uniqKey="Zhao C">C. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, X" uniqKey="Guo X">X. Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, M" uniqKey="Wang M">M. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, R" uniqKey="Qin R">R. Qin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stamelos, V A" uniqKey="Stamelos V">V.A. Stamelos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, N" uniqKey="Fisher N">N. Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bamrah, H" uniqKey="Bamrah H">H. Bamrah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voisey, C" uniqKey="Voisey C">C. Voisey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, J C" uniqKey="Price J">J.C. Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrell, W E" uniqKey="Farrell W">W.E. Farrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Redman, C W" uniqKey="Redman C">C.W. Redman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, A" uniqKey="Richardson A">A. Richardson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Demers Lamarche, J" uniqKey="Demers Lamarche J">J. Demers-Lamarche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guillebaud, G" uniqKey="Guillebaud G">G. Guillebaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tlili, M" uniqKey="Tlili M">M. Tlili</name></author><author><name sortKey="Todkar, K" uniqKey="Todkar K">K. Todkar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belanger, N" uniqKey="Belanger N">N. Belanger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grondin, M" uniqKey="Grondin M">M. Grondin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, A P" uniqKey="Nguyen A">A.P. Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michel, J" uniqKey="Michel J">J. Michel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Germain, M" uniqKey="Germain M">M. Germain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Antioxidants (Basel)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Antioxidants (Basel)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antioxidants</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Antioxidants</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2076-3921</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31878141</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7023183</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/antiox9010017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">antioxidants-09-00017</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Combination of <italic>Rosa Canina</italic> Extracts and Gold Complex Favors Apoptosis of Caco-2 Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mármol</surname><given-names>Inés</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-antioxidants-09-00017">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-5220</contrib-id><name><surname>Jiménez-Moreno</surname><given-names>Nerea</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-antioxidants-09-00017">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ancín-Azpilicueta</surname><given-names>Carmen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-antioxidants-09-00017">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-8457</contrib-id><name><surname>Osada</surname><given-names>Jesús</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-antioxidants-09-00017">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-antioxidants-09-00017">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-3674</contrib-id><name><surname>Cerrada</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-antioxidants-09-00017">5</xref><xref rid="c1-antioxidants-09-00017" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-7668</contrib-id><name><surname>Rodríguez-Yoldi</surname><given-names>María Jesús</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-antioxidants-09-00017">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-antioxidants-09-00017">4</xref><xref rid="c1-antioxidants-09-00017" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-antioxidants-09-00017"><label>1</label>Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>ines.marmol9@gmail.com</email></aff><aff id="af2-antioxidants-09-00017"><label>2</label>Department of Science, Public University of Navarra, INAMAT, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;<email>nerea.jimenez@unavarra.es</email> (N.J.-M.);<email>ancin@unavarra.es</email> (C.A.-A.)</aff><aff id="af3-antioxidants-09-00017"><label>3</label>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;<email>josada@unizar.es</email></aff><aff id="af4-antioxidants-09-00017"><label>4</label>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (ISCIII), IIS Aragón, IA2, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</aff><aff id="af5-antioxidants-09-00017"><label>5</label>Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-antioxidants-09-00017"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>ecerrada@unizar.es</email> (E.C.); <email>mjrodyol@unizar.es</email> (M.J.R.-Y.); Tel.: +34-876-553529 (E.C.); +34-976-761649 (M.J.R.-Y.)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>1</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>17</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2019 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Given the alarming increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, novel therapies are urgently needed. Plant-derived extracts have gained considerable interest in the last years due to their strong anticancer effect mediated by their unique bioactive compounds. Specifically, rosehips from <italic>Rosa canina</italic> have been successfully tested against several cancer models, including colon cancer. Moreover, gold derivatives are a promising alternative to the current platinum-based drugs commonly used in CRC chemotherapy due to their lack of affinity for DNA. Herein we have investigated the antitumor potential of a drug combination made of acidic polyphenols extracted from <italic>R. canina</italic> and the gold complex (Au(C≡C-2-NC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) (PTA)) in Caco-2 cell line as a model of CRC. The combination triggered strong apoptosis mediated by a blockage of the autophagic flux, which might be a consequence of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and mitochondrial dysfunctionality. Our results suggest that the clinical application of plant polyphenols might enhance the anticancer effect of metallodrugs and reduce drug exposure time and therefore its side effects.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>rosehip</kwd><kwd>gold complex</kwd><kwd>ROS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="antioxidants-09-00017-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Analysis of the antiproliferative effect of the combination of gold complex and <italic>Rosa canina</italic> extracts. (<bold>A</bold>) Measurement of changes in cell viability of Caco-2 cells after 72 h incubation with 3.8 μM of gold complex (GC) and a range of concentrations (125, 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL) of acidic polyphenols (AP). * <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs negative control. # <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs gold complex (GC). (<bold>B</bold>) Isobologram analysis of the cytotoxicity of the combination of gold complex and acidic polyphenols (DC). (<bold>C</bold>) Time-course (24, 48 and 72 h) determination of changes in Caco-2 cells viability upon treatment with 3.8 μM of the gold complex (GC), 125 μg/mL of acidic polyphenols (AP) and a combination of both (DC) at the indicated concentrations. # <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs gold complex (GC).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-09-00017-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="antioxidants-09-00017-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Cell death studies. (<bold>A</bold>) Flow cytometry histogram corresponding to Caco-2 cells stained with annexin V/propidium iodide 48 h after incubation with DMSO (negative control, left) and drug combination (DC, right). X-axis annexin-FITC and Y-axis propidium iodide. Q1: necrotic cells. Q2: late apoptotic cells. Q3: living cells. Q4: early apoptotic cells. Percentages of cell population in each condition are included. (<bold>B</bold>) Analysis of caspase 3 activation of Caco-2 cells 48 h after incubation with DC; * <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs negative control. (<bold>C</bold>) Flow cytometry cell cycle analysis with propidium iodide staining of Caco-2 cells 48 h after incubation with DC (control, left). Percentages of cell population in each cell cycle phase are included.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-09-00017-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="antioxidants-09-00017-f003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Analysis of autophagy induction. (<bold>A</bold>) Measurement of changes in the formation of autophagosomes on Caco-2 cells 24 h after incubation with DC. * <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs negative control. (<bold>B</bold>) Measurement of cell viability of Caco-2 cells upon 24 h and 72 h treatment with drug combination (DC) in presence/absence of chloroquine (10 μM, 1 h pre-incubation); * <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs negative control. No significant changes were observed in comparison to cells DC with/without CQ.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-09-00017-g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="antioxidants-09-00017-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-09-00017-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Cell viability. Measurement of cell viability of Caco-2 cells upon 24 h treatment with DC in presence or not of necrostatin-1 (50 μM, 1 h pre-incubation).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">% Cell viability</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 ± 0.00</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.27 ± 0.64*</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC+Nec-1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.14 ± 6.61*</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>No significant changes were observed between DC with/without Nec-1. * <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs control.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="antioxidants-09-00017-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-09-00017-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Analysis of lysosomal and mitochondrial integrity. Above: percentages of Caco-2 cells with functional (acid) lysosomes upon 24 h and 48 h incubation with the drug combination (DC). Below: changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ψ<sub>m</sub>) of Caco-2 cells after 24 h and 48 h incubation with DC.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1"><bold>% Cells with Functional (Acid) Lysosomes</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>24 h</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>48 h</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative control</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.50 ± 3.11</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.10 ± 2.26</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.55 ± 1.62</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.95 ± 1.62*</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>% Cells with Conserved ψ<sub>m</sub></bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>24 h</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>48 h</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative control</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.00 ± 0.00</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.00 ± 0.00</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.98 ± 10.68*</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.25 ± 8.52*</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>* <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs negative control.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="antioxidants-09-00017-t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-09-00017-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on cell death triggered by DC. Above: measurement of ROS levels expressed as arbitrary units of fluorescence in Caco-2 cells incubated for 1 h and 24 h with the drug combination (DC). Fluorescence data were normalized with cell viability. Below: analysis of Caco-2 cell viability pre-incubated with NAC and then treated 24 h and 72 h with DC.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ROS levels (Arbitrary Units)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 h</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>24 h</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative control</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 ± 0.00</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 ± 0.00</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32 ± 0.10*</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31 ± 0.04*</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>% Cell Viability</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>24 h</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>72 h</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative control</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 ± 0.00</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 ± 0.00</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.13 ± 7.73*</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.94 ± 1.50*</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DC + NAC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.42 ± 0.47*</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.16 ± 2.52*#</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>* <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs negative control. # <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 vs treatment with DC.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li></country><region><li>Aragon</li></region></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Ancin Azpilicueta, Carmen" sort="Ancin Azpilicueta, Carmen" uniqKey="Ancin Azpilicueta C" first="Carmen" last="Ancín-Azpilicueta">Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta</name><name sortKey="Jimenez Moreno, Nerea" sort="Jimenez Moreno, Nerea" uniqKey="Jimenez Moreno N" first="Nerea" last="Jiménez-Moreno">Nerea Jiménez-Moreno</name><name sortKey="Marmol, Ines" sort="Marmol, Ines" uniqKey="Marmol I" first="Inés" last="Mármol">Inés Mármol</name></noCountry><country name="Espagne"><region name="Aragon"><name sortKey="Osada, Jesus" sort="Osada, Jesus" uniqKey="Osada J" first="Jesús" last="Osada">Jesús Osada</name></region><name sortKey="Cerrada, Elena" sort="Cerrada, Elena" uniqKey="Cerrada E" first="Elena" last="Cerrada">Elena Cerrada</name><name sortKey="Rodriguez Yoldi, Maria Jesus" sort="Rodriguez Yoldi, Maria Jesus" uniqKey="Rodriguez Yoldi M" first="María Jesús" last="Rodríguez-Yoldi">María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/ChloroquineV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000D73 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 000D73 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= ChloroquineV1
|flux= Ncbi
|étape= Merge
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:7023183
|texte= A Combination of Rosa Canina Extracts and Gold Complex Favors Apoptosis of Caco-2 Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:31878141" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ChloroquineV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |