Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials
Identifieur interne : 000B05 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000B04; suivant : 000B06Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials
Auteurs : Veena Vijayan ; Adityanarayan Mohapatra ; Saji Uthaman ; In-Kyu ParkSource :
- Pharmaceutics [ 1999-4923 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100534
PubMed: 31615112
PubMed Central: 6835828
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials</title><author><name sortKey="Vijayan, Veena" sort="Vijayan, Veena" uniqKey="Vijayan V" first="Veena" last="Vijayan">Veena Vijayan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohapatra, Adityanarayan" sort="Mohapatra, Adityanarayan" uniqKey="Mohapatra A" first="Adityanarayan" last="Mohapatra">Adityanarayan Mohapatra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthaman, Saji" sort="Uthaman, Saji" uniqKey="Uthaman S" first="Saji" last="Uthaman">Saji Uthaman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;<email>sajiuthaman@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, In Kyu" sort="Park, In Kyu" uniqKey="Park I" first="In-Kyu" last="Park">In-Kyu Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31615112</idno><idno type="pmc">6835828</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835828</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6835828</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/pharmaceutics11100534</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A97</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A97</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A97</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A97</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000440</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000440</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000B05</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials</title><author><name sortKey="Vijayan, Veena" sort="Vijayan, Veena" uniqKey="Vijayan V" first="Veena" last="Vijayan">Veena Vijayan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohapatra, Adityanarayan" sort="Mohapatra, Adityanarayan" uniqKey="Mohapatra A" first="Adityanarayan" last="Mohapatra">Adityanarayan Mohapatra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthaman, Saji" sort="Uthaman, Saji" uniqKey="Uthaman S" first="Saji" last="Uthaman">Saji Uthaman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;<email>sajiuthaman@gmail.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, In Kyu" sort="Park, In Kyu" uniqKey="Park I" first="In-Kyu" last="Park">In-Kyu Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pharmaceutics</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4923</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosenblum, M D" uniqKey="Rosenblum M">M.D. Rosenblum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Remedios, K A" uniqKey="Remedios K">K.A. Remedios</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abbas, A K" uniqKey="Abbas A">A.K. Abbas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pharmaceutics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pharmaceutics</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pharmaceutics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Pharmaceutics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1999-4923</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31615112</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6835828</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/pharmaceutics11100534</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">pharmaceutics-11-00534</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vijayan</surname><given-names>Veena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohapatra</surname><given-names>Adityanarayan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-7510</contrib-id><name><surname>Uthaman</surname><given-names>Saji</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-pharmaceutics-11-00534">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-9153</contrib-id><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>In-Kyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534">1</xref><xref rid="c1-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-pharmaceutics-11-00534"><label>1</label>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;<email>veenavj4392@gmail.com</email> (V.V.);<email>mkaditya55@gmail.com</email> (A.M.)</aff><aff id="af2-pharmaceutics-11-00534"><label>2</label>Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;<email>sajiuthaman@gmail.com</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-pharmaceutics-11-00534"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>pik96@jnu.ac.kr</email>; Tel.: +82-61-379-8481</corresp><fn id="fn1-pharmaceutics-11-00534"><label>†</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>10</issue><elocation-id>534</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2019 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>nanovaccines</kwd><kwd>biomimetic</kwd><kwd>antigens</kwd><kwd>adjuvants</kwd><kwd>antigen-presenting cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Schematic of different formulations of biomimetic nanovaccines and their advantages. <bold>a</bold>) Biomimetic nanovaccines maintain the germinal center and B-cells inside our body, which are responsible for the release of antiviral neutralizing antibody against viruses, <bold>b</bold>) biomimetic nanovaccines strengthen the humoral immune response by inducing higher DC maturation and stimulating cytotoxic T-cell to kill cancer cells, <bold>c</bold>) biomimetic nanovaccines can target infected blood cells, and induce a strong immune response inside our body, and <bold>d</bold>) biomimetic nanovaccines are suitable candidates for carrying antigens, adjuvants, and therapeutic molecules. (MPLA: monophosphoryl lipid A, STING: stimulator of interferon gene, POLY (I:C): polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, MPER: membrane-proximal external region, HER-2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, OVA: ovalbumin and MSP: merozoite surface protein).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Schematics of the generation of functional virus-like particle (VLP) and (<bold>A</bold>) the delivery of proteins of interest intracellularly, and (<bold>B</bold>) by receptor/ligand-mediated protein delivery. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [<xref rid="B57-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]; Copyright © 2011, National Academy of Sciences.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Scheme of biomimetic nanotoxoid showing protection against methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (MRSA)-induced skin infection. <bold>a</bold>) The normal condition of skin lesion formation in which MRSA bacteria employs hemolysin (Hla) and helps in colonizing the site. <bold>b</bold>) After nanotoxoid vaccination, anti-Hla and neutralize the toxins produced by MRSA. Reproduced with permissions from Ref. [<xref rid="B20-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>], Copyright © 2016, John Wiley and sons.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Schematics of the various applications of biomimetic nanovaccines. <bold>a</bold>) Biomimetic nanovaccines with adjuvants, antigens, and antibodies can trigger dendritic cell maturation and stimulate cytotoxic T-cell to induce a strong immune response against tumor, <bold>b</bold>) biomimetic nanovaccines can actively target the cancer cell, and effectively deliver the therapeutic drugs, <bold>c</bold>) biomimetic nanovaccines act as a natural substrate for the adsorption of pore-forming toxins, and <bold>d</bold>) biomimetic nanovaccines can bind to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viruses with CD-4 receptors, and prevent the host cell from HIV virus infections.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Schematic of antibacterial modulation via bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticles (NPs). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [<xref rid="B61-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>], Copyright © 2015, American Chemical Society.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f006" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Schematic of T-cell membrane coated nanoparticle (NP)-mediated depletion of HIV infection. Reproduced with permission from from Ref. [<xref rid="B47-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>], Copyright © WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f007" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Schematic of the cancer cell membrane-coated, R837 loaded, and mannose modified poly(lactic-<italic>co</italic>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanovaccine for anticancer vaccination. Reproduced with permission from Ref [<xref rid="B52-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>], Copyright © 2018, American Chemical Society.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g007"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f008" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Schematic of the biomimetic nanosponges and neutralization of the pore-forming toxins (PFTs) mechanism. (<bold>B</bold>) Dynamic light scattering measurement of the NP hydrodynamic size and zeta potential. (<bold>C</bold>) TEM image of the nanosponge. (<bold>D</bold>) Stability of the NP. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [<xref rid="B142-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">142</xref>], Copyright © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, published Feb 13, 2018.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g008"></graphic></fig><fig id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-f009" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9</label><caption><p><bold>A</bold>) Schematic of the preparation of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particle gold nanostars (FMD VLPs-AuSNs) complex. SDS page and western blot analysis FMD VLPs and FMD VLPs-AuSNs complexes; <bold>B</bold>) Fluorescent absorbance of the nanocomplex. <bold>C</bold>) Size distribution. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [<xref rid="B144-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">144</xref>], Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="pharmaceutics-11-00534-g009"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">pharmaceutics-11-00534-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Already reported biomimetic nanovaccines and its applications.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nanoparticles</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Components</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Application</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Liposomes</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liposome-polycation-DNA NPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DNA vaccine delivery</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B24-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PLGA NPs with lipid antigens</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malarial vaccine delivery</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B21-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancer cell membranes with lipids coated onto polymeric NPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TLR 7 delivery: Anticancer vaccine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B52-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">VLPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Avian retrovirus with Gag fusion proteins</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intracellular protein delivery</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B57-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Genetically modified VLP</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anti-viral protection</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B58-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-assembling proteins</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hollow vault protein</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suppress lung cancer proliferation</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B59-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Cell membrane decorated NPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gastric epithelial cell membrane coated PLGA NPs loaded with antibiotics</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anti-bacerial therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B60-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bacterial membrane coated Gold NPs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antibacterial immunity</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B61-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>]</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">pharmaceutics-11-00534-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Few types of adjuvants used and their classification.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Immune Potentiators</th><th align="left" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Delivery Systems</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">dsRNA: Poly (I:C), Poly-IC:LC<break></break>MPLA (monophosphoryl lipid A)<break></break>LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)<break></break>CpG oligodeoxynucleotides<break></break>Flagellin<break></break>Imiquimod (R837)<break></break>Resiquimod (848)<break></break>Saponins (QS-21)</td><td align="left" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aluminum salts<break></break>Incomplete Freund’s reagents<break></break>Virus-like particles<break></break>Polylactic acid, Poly(lactic-<italic>co</italic>-glycolide) data</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="pharmaceutics-11-00534-t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">pharmaceutics-11-00534-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>List of biomimetic nanovaccines for various treatments.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of Biomimetic Nanoparticle (NP)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Therapeutic Cargo</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Application</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="8" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Liposome</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hepa 1-6 cell lysate and Poly I:C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High tumor specific CTL immune response</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B145-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">145</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P5 peptide and Poly I:C</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CTL immune response and anti-cancer therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B130-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">130</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tumor associated ESO-1 antigen and IL-1, MAP-IFN-γ</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fcγ receptor targeting and anti-cancer therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B146-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">146</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OVA antigen</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CTL response and cancer immune therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B147-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">147</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Endolysin</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Degradation of bacterial protein and anti-bacterial therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B102-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Env-2-3-SF2, IL-7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Strong antibody response and anti-HIV therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B107-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MPER and MPLA, STING, cdGMP</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Strong T-cell response and anti-HIV therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B108-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">108</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MSP-1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Activation of epidermal APC</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B121-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">121</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Virus like NP</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CFP 10</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CTL activity, Th1 immune response, and anti-bacterial therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B101-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV env antigen</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maintaining the germinal center, and releasing neutralizing antibody for anti-HIV therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B110-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">110</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CSP-hepatitis B surface antigen and Abisco-100, Matrix-M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Targeting infected erythrocytes and CD8 + T-cell responses in anti-malaria therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B123-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">123</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HER-2 antigen</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Th1 & Th2 type antibody response and anti-cancer therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B139-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">139</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Outer membrane coated nanovaccine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alum adjuvant</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Th2 type immune response anti-bacterial therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B148-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">148</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">RBC membrane coated Nanovaccine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adsorption of bacterial endotoxin</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B149-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">149</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Natural substrate for PFT for Anti-melittin therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B142-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">142</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T-cell coated Nanovaccine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inhibition of viral attack to host cell</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B113-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">113</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Cancer cell membrane coated Nanovaccine</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD-L 1 siRNA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tumor targeting and anti-cancer therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B132-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">132</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CpG oligodeoxynucleotide</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stimulation of APC maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in anti-cancer therapy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B134-pharmaceutics-11-00534" ref-type="bibr">134</xref>]</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>(Poly I:C -Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, ESO 1- esophageal cancer, MAP-IFN-γ - multiple antigenic peptide- interferon -γ, Env- envelope glycoprotein, MPER- membrane-proximal external region, MPLA- monophosphoryl lipid A, STING- stimulator of interferon gene, cdGMP- cyclic-di-GMPHER-2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, OVA: ovalbumin and MSP: merozoite surface protein, CFP-10- culture filtrate protein 10).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Mohapatra, Adityanarayan" sort="Mohapatra, Adityanarayan" uniqKey="Mohapatra A" first="Adityanarayan" last="Mohapatra">Adityanarayan Mohapatra</name><name sortKey="Park, In Kyu" sort="Park, In Kyu" uniqKey="Park I" first="In-Kyu" last="Park">In-Kyu Park</name><name sortKey="Uthaman, Saji" sort="Uthaman, Saji" uniqKey="Uthaman S" first="Saji" last="Uthaman">Saji Uthaman</name><name sortKey="Vijayan, Veena" sort="Vijayan, Veena" uniqKey="Vijayan V" first="Veena" last="Vijayan">Veena Vijayan</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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