Flavonoid Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of the Bryonia alba L. Aerial Parts
Identifieur interne : 000556 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000555; suivant : 000557Flavonoid Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of the Bryonia alba L. Aerial Parts
Auteurs : Irina Ielciu ; Michel Frédérich ; Daniela Hanganu [Roumanie] ; Luc Angenot ; Neli-Kinga Olah [Roumanie] ; Allison Ledoux ; Gianina Cri An ; Ramona P LtineanSource :
- Antioxidants [ 2076-3921 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040108
PubMed: 31010032
PubMed Central: 6523950
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Flavonoid Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of the <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. Aerial Parts</title><author><name sortKey="Ielciu, Irina" sort="Ielciu, Irina" uniqKey="Ielciu I" first="Irina" last="Ielciu">Irina Ielciu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frederich, Michel" sort="Frederich, Michel" uniqKey="Frederich M" first="Michel" last="Frédérich">Michel Frédérich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanganu, Daniela" sort="Hanganu, Daniela" uniqKey="Hanganu D" first="Daniela" last="Hanganu">Daniela Hanganu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400010 Cluj-Napoca</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angenot, Luc" sort="Angenot, Luc" uniqKey="Angenot L" first="Luc" last="Angenot">Luc Angenot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olah, Neli Kinga" sort="Olah, Neli Kinga" uniqKey="Olah N" first="Neli-Kinga" last="Olah">Neli-Kinga Olah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-antioxidants-08-00108">PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>neliolah@yahoo.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Vasile Goldiş" Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Vasile Goldiş" Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>310045 Arad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledoux, Allison" sort="Ledoux, Allison" uniqKey="Ledoux A" first="Allison" last="Ledoux">Allison Ledoux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cri An, Gianina" sort="Cri An, Gianina" uniqKey="Cri An G" first="Gianina" last="Cri An">Gianina Cri An</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Ltinean, Ramona" sort="P Ltinean, Ramona" uniqKey="P Ltinean R" first="Ramona" last="P Ltinean">Ramona P Ltinean</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31010032</idno><idno type="pmc">6523950</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6523950</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6523950</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/antiox8040108</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno 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Aerial Parts</title><author><name sortKey="Ielciu, Irina" sort="Ielciu, Irina" uniqKey="Ielciu I" first="Irina" last="Ielciu">Irina Ielciu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frederich, Michel" sort="Frederich, Michel" uniqKey="Frederich M" first="Michel" last="Frédérich">Michel Frédérich</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanganu, Daniela" sort="Hanganu, Daniela" uniqKey="Hanganu D" first="Daniela" last="Hanganu">Daniela Hanganu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400010 Cluj-Napoca</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angenot, Luc" sort="Angenot, Luc" uniqKey="Angenot L" first="Luc" last="Angenot">Luc Angenot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olah, Neli Kinga" sort="Olah, Neli Kinga" uniqKey="Olah N" first="Neli-Kinga" last="Olah">Neli-Kinga Olah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-antioxidants-08-00108">PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>neliolah@yahoo.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Vasile Goldiş" Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Vasile Goldiş" Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>310045 Arad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledoux, Allison" sort="Ledoux, Allison" uniqKey="Ledoux A" first="Allison" last="Ledoux">Allison Ledoux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cri An, Gianina" sort="Cri An, Gianina" uniqKey="Cri An G" first="Gianina" last="Cri An">Gianina Cri An</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Ltinean, Ramona" sort="P Ltinean, Ramona" uniqKey="P Ltinean R" first="Ramona" last="P Ltinean">Ramona P Ltinean</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Antioxidants</title><idno type="eISSN">2076-3921</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. is the only <italic>Bryonia</italic> species found in Romanian flora, being known as a remedy for inflammatory pathologies or for its hepatoprotective and adaptogen activities. The present investigation studied the flavonoid composition and antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of this species. Flavonoid profile was evaluated by HPLC coupled with Diode Array Detection (DAD), while antioxidant capacity was assessed by various methods, testing different antioxidant mechanisms: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity), FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma), TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance method) and SNPAC (silver nanoparticles antioxidant capacity). Cytotoxicity was tested on human cancerous and healthy cell lines. Anti-plasmodial tests were performed on two strains of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>. Whole organism toxicity was assessed on zebrafish larvae. The HPLC-DAD analysis proved the presence of lutonarin, saponarin, isoorientin, and isovitexin as the major flavonoids in the composition of tested samples. Significant results were obtained for all antioxidant capacity assays. The cytotoxicity tests proved the absence of cellular and parasitic toxicity and these results were confirmed by the lack of toxicity on the zebrafish larvae model. This study proves a promising potential of the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. as antioxidant agents. </p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schaefer, H" uniqKey="Schaefer H">H. Schaefer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renner, S S" uniqKey="Renner S">S.S. Renner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, L B" uniqKey="Zhang L">L.-B. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simmons, M P" uniqKey="Simmons M">M.P. Simmons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kocyan, A" uniqKey="Kocyan A">A. Kocyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renner, S S" uniqKey="Renner S">S.S. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Antioxidants (Basel)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Antioxidants (Basel)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antioxidants</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Antioxidants</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2076-3921</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31010032</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6523950</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/antiox8040108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">antioxidants-08-00108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Flavonoid Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of the <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. Aerial Parts</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ielciu</surname><given-names>Irina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-9990</contrib-id><name><surname>Frédérich</surname><given-names>Michel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hanganu</surname><given-names>Daniela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-antioxidants-08-00108">3</xref><xref rid="c1-antioxidants-08-00108" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Angenot</surname><given-names>Luc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olah</surname><given-names>Neli-Kinga</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-antioxidants-08-00108">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-antioxidants-08-00108">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-6336</contrib-id><name><surname>Ledoux</surname><given-names>Allison</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-antioxidants-08-00108">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crișan</surname><given-names>Gianina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Păltinean</surname><given-names>Ramona</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-antioxidants-08-00108">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-antioxidants-08-00108"><label>1</label>Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>irina.ielciu@umfcluj.ro</email> (I.I.);<email>gcrisan@umfcluj.ro</email> (G.C.);<email>rpaltinean@umfcluj.ro</email> (R.P.)</aff><aff id="af2-antioxidants-08-00108"><label>2</label>Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>M.Frederich@uliege.be</email> (M.F.);<email>l.angenot@uliege.be</email> (L.A.);<email>allison.ledoux@uliege.be</email> (A.L.)</aff><aff id="af3-antioxidants-08-00108"><label>3</label>Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania</aff><aff id="af4-antioxidants-08-00108"><label>4</label>PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;<email>neliolah@yahoo.com</email></aff><aff id="af5-antioxidants-08-00108"><label>5</label>Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Vasile Goldiş" Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-antioxidants-08-00108"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>dhanganu@umfcluj.ro</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>4</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>4</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>108</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>05</day><month>4</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2019 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. is the only <italic>Bryonia</italic> species found in Romanian flora, being known as a remedy for inflammatory pathologies or for its hepatoprotective and adaptogen activities. The present investigation studied the flavonoid composition and antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of this species. Flavonoid profile was evaluated by HPLC coupled with Diode Array Detection (DAD), while antioxidant capacity was assessed by various methods, testing different antioxidant mechanisms: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity), FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma), TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance method) and SNPAC (silver nanoparticles antioxidant capacity). Cytotoxicity was tested on human cancerous and healthy cell lines. Anti-plasmodial tests were performed on two strains of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>. Whole organism toxicity was assessed on zebrafish larvae. The HPLC-DAD analysis proved the presence of lutonarin, saponarin, isoorientin, and isovitexin as the major flavonoids in the composition of tested samples. Significant results were obtained for all antioxidant capacity assays. The cytotoxicity tests proved the absence of cellular and parasitic toxicity and these results were confirmed by the lack of toxicity on the zebrafish larvae model. This study proves a promising potential of the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. as antioxidant agents. </p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>flavonoids</kwd><kwd>HPLC-DAD</kwd><kwd>antioxidant</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="antioxidants-08-00108-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-08-00108-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The four flavonoids which are identified in the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba.</italic></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Compound</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peak Number</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retention Time</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lutonarin</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.55 ± 0.27 min</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saponarin</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.78 ± 0.16 min</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Isoorientin</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.98 ± 1.01 min</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Isovitexin</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.87 min</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="antioxidants-08-00108-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-08-00108-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Quantification of the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. (mg GAE or RE/100 g dvp).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sample</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TPC <break></break>(mg GAE/100 g dvp)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TFC <break></break>(mg RE/100 g dvp)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> aerial parts</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3125 ± 0.31</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2472 ± 0.94</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Note: Values are the mean ± SD (<italic>n</italic> = 3).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="antioxidants-08-00108-t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-08-00108-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Assessment of the antioxidant capacity of the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. (IC<sub>50</sub> μg/mL or μM TE/100 mL).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sample </th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> Aerial Parts</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>DPPH (IC<sub>50</sub> * μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.8 ± 0.92</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>CUPRAC (μM TE/100 mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">238 ± 2.24</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>FRAP (μM TE/100 mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">217 ± 2.45</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>TEAC (IC<sub>50</sub> ** μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.9 ± 0.89</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>SNPAC (μM TE/100 mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">427 ± 2.46</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>EPR (Integral intensity ***)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">401.96 ± 2.72</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Positive controls: * quercetine: IC<sub>50</sub> = 5.4 ± 0.32 μg/mL and BHT: IC<sub>50</sub> = 15.6 ± 0.44 μg/mL; ** Trolox IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.4 ± 0.26 μg/mL; *** DPPH Integral Intensity = 668.62 ± 0.18. Note: Values are the mean ± SD (<italic>n</italic> = 3).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="antioxidants-08-00108-t004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-08-00108-t004_Table 4</object-id><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Assessment of the cytotoxicity and of the anti-plasmodial activity of the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> L. (IC<sub>50</sub> μg/mL).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assay</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> Aerial Parts</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Artemisinin/Camptothecin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Anti-plasmodial 3D7 (μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009 ± 0.006</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Anti-plasmodial W2 (μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017 ± 0.003</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cytotoxic A549 (μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.167 ± 0.04</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cytotoxic HeLa (μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.207 ± 0.27</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cytotoxic WI38 (μg/mL)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>50</td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.076 ± 0.19</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Note: Values are the mean ± SD (<italic>n</italic> = 3).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="antioxidants-08-00108-t005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">antioxidants-08-00108-t005_Table 5</object-id><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Observation (40×) of zebrafish exposed to a concentration range of 0.1–100 μg/mL of the aerial parts of <italic>Bryonia alba</italic> compared to the control at 24 hpf, 48 hpf, and 72 hpf.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sample</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zebrafish Assay Results 24 hpf</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zebrafish Assay Results 48 hpf</th><th align="center" valign="top" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zebrafish Assay 72 hpf</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> aerial parts 100 μg/mL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i001.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i002.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i003.jpg"></inline-graphic></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> aerial parts 10 μg/mL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i004.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i005.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i006.jpg"></inline-graphic></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> aerial parts 1μg/mL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i007.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i008.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i009.jpg"></inline-graphic></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bryonia alba</italic> aerial parts 0.1μg/mL</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i010.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i011.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i012.jpg"></inline-graphic></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-treated zebrafish</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i013.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i014.jpg"></inline-graphic></td><td align="center" valign="top" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-graphic xlink:href="antioxidants-08-00108-i015.jpg"></inline-graphic></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Roumanie</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Angenot, Luc" sort="Angenot, Luc" uniqKey="Angenot L" first="Luc" last="Angenot">Luc Angenot</name><name sortKey="Cri An, Gianina" sort="Cri An, Gianina" uniqKey="Cri An G" first="Gianina" last="Cri An">Gianina Cri An</name><name sortKey="Frederich, Michel" sort="Frederich, Michel" uniqKey="Frederich M" first="Michel" last="Frédérich">Michel Frédérich</name><name sortKey="Ielciu, Irina" sort="Ielciu, Irina" uniqKey="Ielciu I" first="Irina" last="Ielciu">Irina Ielciu</name><name sortKey="Ledoux, Allison" sort="Ledoux, Allison" uniqKey="Ledoux A" first="Allison" last="Ledoux">Allison Ledoux</name><name sortKey="P Ltinean, Ramona" sort="P Ltinean, Ramona" uniqKey="P Ltinean R" first="Ramona" last="P Ltinean">Ramona P Ltinean</name></noCountry><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hanganu, Daniela" sort="Hanganu, Daniela" uniqKey="Hanganu D" first="Daniela" last="Hanganu">Daniela Hanganu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Olah, Neli Kinga" sort="Olah, Neli Kinga" uniqKey="Olah N" first="Neli-Kinga" last="Olah">Neli-Kinga Olah</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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