Naja atra Cardiotoxin 3 Elicits Autophagy and Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemia Cells through the Ca2+/PP2A/AMPK Axis
Identifieur interne : 000B58 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000B57; suivant : 000B59Naja atra Cardiotoxin 3 Elicits Autophagy and Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemia Cells through the Ca2+/PP2A/AMPK Axis
Auteurs : Jing-Ting Chiou [Taïwan] ; Yi-Jun Shi [Taïwan] ; Liang-Jun Wang [Taïwan] ; Chia-Hui Huang [Taïwan] ; Yuan-Chin Lee [Taïwan] ; Long-Sen Chang [Taïwan]Source :
- Toxins [ 2072-6651 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Cardiotoxins (CTXs) are suggested to exert their cytotoxicity through cell membrane damage. Other studies show that penetration of CTXs into cells elicits mitochondrial fragmentation or lysosome disruption, leading to cell death. Considering the role of AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mitochondrial biogenesis and lysosomal biogenesis, we aimed to investigate whether the AMPK-mediated pathway modulated
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DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090527
PubMed: 31547294
PubMed Central: 6784133
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en"><italic>Naja atra</italic> Cardiotoxin 3 Elicits Autophagy and Apoptosis in U937 Human Leukemia Cells through the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/PP2A/AMPK Axis</title><author><name sortKey="Chiou, Jing Ting" sort="Chiou, Jing Ting" uniqKey="Chiou J" first="Jing-Ting" last="Chiou">Jing-Ting Chiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Yi Jun" sort="Shi, Yi Jun" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Yi-Jun" last="Shi">Yi-Jun Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Liang Jun" sort="Wang, Liang Jun" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Liang-Jun" last="Wang">Liang-Jun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Chia Hui" sort="Huang, Chia Hui" uniqKey="Huang C" first="Chia-Hui" last="Huang">Chia-Hui Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yuan Chin" sort="Lee, Yuan Chin" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yuan-Chin" last="Lee">Yuan-Chin Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Long Sen" sort="Chang, Long Sen" uniqKey="Chang L" first="Long-Sen" last="Chang">Long-Sen Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-toxins-11-00527">Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 807</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31547294</idno><idno type="pmc">6784133</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784133</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6784133</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/toxins11090527</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno 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Chiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Yi Jun" sort="Shi, Yi Jun" uniqKey="Shi Y" first="Yi-Jun" last="Shi">Yi-Jun Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Liang Jun" sort="Wang, Liang Jun" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Liang-Jun" last="Wang">Liang-Jun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Chia Hui" sort="Huang, Chia Hui" uniqKey="Huang C" first="Chia-Hui" last="Huang">Chia-Hui Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yuan Chin" sort="Lee, Yuan Chin" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yuan-Chin" last="Lee">Yuan-Chin Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Long Sen" sort="Chang, Long Sen" uniqKey="Chang L" first="Long-Sen" last="Chang">Long-Sen Chang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-toxins-11-00527">Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 804</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-toxins-11-00527">Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kaohsiung 807</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Toxins</title><idno type="eISSN">2072-6651</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiotoxins (CTXs) are suggested to exert their cytotoxicity through cell membrane damage. Other studies show that penetration of CTXs into cells elicits mitochondrial fragmentation or lysosome disruption, leading to cell death. Considering the role of AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mitochondrial biogenesis and lysosomal biogenesis, we aimed to investigate whether the AMPK-mediated pathway modulated <italic>Naja atra</italic> (Taiwan cobra) CTX3 cytotoxicity in U937 human leukemia cells. Our results showed that CTX3 induced autophagy and apoptosis in U937 cells, whereas autophagic inhibitors suppressed CTX3-induced apoptosis. CTX3 treatment elicited Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent degradation of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (PP2Acα) and phosphorylation of AMPKα. Overexpression of PP2Acα mitigated the CTX3-induced AMPKα phosphorylation. CTX3-induced autophagy was via AMPK-mediated suppression of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Removal of Ca<sup>2+</sup> or suppression of AMPKα phosphorylation inhibited the CTX3-induced cell death. CTX3 was unable to induce autophagy and apoptosis in U937 cells expressing constitutively active Akt. Met-modified CTX3 retained its membrane-perturbing activity, however, it did not induce AMPK activation and death of U937 cells. These results conclusively indicate that CTX3 induces autophagy and apoptosis in U937 cells via the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/PP2A/AMPK axis, and suggest that the membrane-perturbing activity of CTX3 is not crucial for the cell death signaling pathway induction.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dufton, M J" uniqKey="Dufton M">M.J. Dufton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hider, R C" uniqKey="Hider R">R.C. Hider</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Konshina, A G" uniqKey="Konshina A">A.G. Konshina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubovskii, P V" uniqKey="Dubovskii P">P.V. 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