Autophagy inhibition enhances PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer
Identifieur interne : 000A28 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000A27; suivant : 000A29Autophagy inhibition enhances PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer
Auteurs : Xiaojuan Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; William K. K. Wu [République populaire de Chine] ; Jing Gao [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhongwu Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Bin Dong [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoting Lin [République populaire de Chine] ; Yilin Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Yanyan Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Jifang Gong [République populaire de Chine] ; Changsong Qi [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhi Peng [République populaire de Chine] ; Jun Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Lin Shen [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR [ 0392-9078 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Autophagy, a process for degrading intracellular substances to maintain basal metabolic turnover, is known to be perturbed in gastric cancer. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) are important immune checkpoint proteins and their regulation by autophagy has been reported in mouse melanoma and human ovarian cancer. Here, we explored the interplay between autophagy and the PD1/PD-L1 axis in gastric cancer.
The expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells was detected by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. The effect of autophagy inhibition on PD-L1 expression was examined in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of the regulation of PD-L1 by autophagy were evaluated in gastric cancer cell lines. The clinical relevance of autophagy-related markers p62/SQSTM1 and LC3 with PD-L1 was evaluated in 137 patients with gastric cancer.
We found that inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNAs increased the levels of PD-L1 in cultured gastric cancer cells and in xenografts. Interferon (IFN)-γ also promoted PD-L1 gene transcription, whose action was enhanced by autophagy inhibition. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition led to the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, in which NF-κB inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 knockdown attenuated PD-L1 induction by autophagy inhibition. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues of 137 patients with gastric cancer showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 (LC3,
We discovered that autophagy regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer through the p62/SQSTM1-NF-κB pathway. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may thus influence the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer.
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1148-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1148-5
PubMed: 30925913
PubMed Central: 6440013
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PMC:6440013Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p id="Par1">Autophagy, a process for degrading intracellular substances to maintain basal metabolic turnover, is known to be perturbed in gastric cancer. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) are important immune checkpoint proteins and their regulation by autophagy has been reported in mouse melanoma and human ovarian cancer. Here, we explored the interplay between autophagy and the PD1/PD-L1 axis in gastric cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p id="Par2">The expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells was detected by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. The effect of autophagy inhibition on PD-L1 expression was examined in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of the regulation of PD-L1 by autophagy were evaluated in gastric cancer cell lines. The clinical relevance of autophagy-related markers p62/SQSTM1 and LC3 with PD-L1 was evaluated in 137 patients with gastric cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p id="Par3">We found that inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNAs increased the levels of PD-L1 in cultured gastric cancer cells and in xenografts. Interferon (IFN)-γ also promoted PD-L1 gene transcription, whose action was enhanced by autophagy inhibition. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition led to the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, in which NF-κB inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 knockdown attenuated PD-L1 induction by autophagy inhibition. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues of 137 patients with gastric cancer showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 (LC3, <italic>p</italic>
< 0.001; p62/SQSTM1, <italic>p</italic>
< 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 was also positively correlated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration (<italic>p</italic>
< 0.001).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="Par4">We discovered that autophagy regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer through the p62/SQSTM1-NF-κB pathway. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may thus influence the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1148-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
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