Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage
Identifieur interne : 002C64 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002C63; suivant : 002C65Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage
Auteurs : Tamer A. Gheita ; Ghada S. Azkalany ; Hussein S. El-Fishawy ; Abeer M. Nour EldinSource :
- International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases [ 1756-1841 ] ; 2011-10.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- American college, Antinuclear antibody, Arthritis, Arthritis rheum, Cairo university, Case report, Chest pain, Clin rheumatol, Clinical course, Copula, Corresponding values, Corticosteroid, Corticosteroid therapy, Corticosteroids cyclo, Damage scores, Demographic features, Diaphragm dysfunction, Diaphragm function, Disease activity, Disease duration, Disease manifestations, Disease onset, Dysfunction, Dyspnea, Erythematosus, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Exertional dyspnea, Expiratory volume, Full history, International journal, Laboratory manifestations, Lung involvement, Lung syndrome, Lung volumes, Lungs syndrome, Lupus, Lupus patients, Male ratio, Manifestation, Ndings, Parenchymal disease, Pediatr pulmonol, Pfts, Pleural effusion, Pleural involvement, Present study, Pulmonary damage, Pulmonary function tests, Pulmonary manifestations, Radiological, Radiological characteristics, Relevant radiological investigations, Renal, Renal biopsy, Renal biopsy class, Respiratory involvement, Respiratory manifestations, Respiratory system, Restrictive pattern, Rheum, Rheumatic, Rheumatic diseases, Semin arthritis rheum, Sjogren syndrome, Slicc, Syndrome, Systemic, Systemic lupus, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, Systemic lupus erythematosus patients, Unexplained dyspnea, Urine protein, Vital capacity.
Abstract
Aim: To detect the prevalence of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and study their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and differences in disease activity and damage. Methods: The study included 200 Egyptian SLE patients and SLS was considered in those with exertional dyspnea, restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and elevated copula of the diaphragm. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory and relevant radiological investigations were performed for all the patients. High‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest were performed for patients with radiological findings consistent with SLS and those with pulmonary manifestations. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.3 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 5.81 ± 4.32 years and female to male ratio was 9 : 1. SLS was present in 27 patients (13.5%) with a female to male ratio of 3.5 : 1.0. The demographic features, clinical and laboratory manifestations, renal biopsy class, disease activity and damage scores, PFTs and radiological findings of the SLE patients are presented. Conclusion: Shrinking lung syndrome is not rare and presents a considerable subset of SLE patients. In SLE patients with dyspnea or chest pain, SLS should be looked for and PFTs are highly suggestive.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01651.x
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ISTEX:8A2F1C414323BBBC15685DEEE4093959E747530CLe document en format XML
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El-Fishawy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nour Eldin, Abeer M" sort="Nour Eldin, Abeer M" uniqKey="Nour Eldin A" first="Abeer M." last="Nour Eldin">Abeer M. Nour Eldin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:8A2F1C414323BBBC15685DEEE4093959E747530C</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01651.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002C64</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002C64</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title><author><name sortKey="Gheita, Tamer A" sort="Gheita, Tamer A" uniqKey="Gheita T" first="Tamer A." last="Gheita">Tamer A. Gheita</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Rheumatology</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azkalany, Ghada S" sort="Azkalany, Ghada S" uniqKey="Azkalany G" first="Ghada S." last="Azkalany">Ghada S. Azkalany</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Rheumatology</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Ishawy, Hussein S" sort="El Ishawy, Hussein S" uniqKey="El Ishawy H" first="Hussein S." last="El-Fishawy">Hussein S. El-Fishawy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nour Eldin, Abeer M" sort="Nour Eldin, Abeer M" uniqKey="Nour Eldin A" first="Abeer M." last="Nour Eldin">Abeer M. Nour Eldin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases</title><title level="j" type="alt">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES</title><idno type="ISSN">1756-1841</idno><idno type="eISSN">1756-185X</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="361">361</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="368">368</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-10">2011-10</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1756-1841</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1756-1841</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>American college</term><term>Antinuclear antibody</term><term>Arthritis</term><term>Arthritis rheum</term><term>Cairo university</term><term>Case report</term><term>Chest pain</term><term>Clin rheumatol</term><term>Clinical course</term><term>Copula</term><term>Corresponding values</term><term>Corticosteroid</term><term>Corticosteroid therapy</term><term>Corticosteroids cyclo</term><term>Damage scores</term><term>Demographic features</term><term>Diaphragm dysfunction</term><term>Diaphragm function</term><term>Disease activity</term><term>Disease duration</term><term>Disease manifestations</term><term>Disease onset</term><term>Dysfunction</term><term>Dyspnea</term><term>Erythematosus</term><term>Erythrocyte sedimentation rate</term><term>Exertional dyspnea</term><term>Expiratory volume</term><term>Full history</term><term>International journal</term><term>Laboratory manifestations</term><term>Lung involvement</term><term>Lung syndrome</term><term>Lung volumes</term><term>Lungs syndrome</term><term>Lupus</term><term>Lupus patients</term><term>Male ratio</term><term>Manifestation</term><term>Ndings</term><term>Parenchymal disease</term><term>Pediatr pulmonol</term><term>Pfts</term><term>Pleural effusion</term><term>Pleural involvement</term><term>Present study</term><term>Pulmonary damage</term><term>Pulmonary function tests</term><term>Pulmonary manifestations</term><term>Radiological</term><term>Radiological characteristics</term><term>Relevant radiological investigations</term><term>Renal</term><term>Renal biopsy</term><term>Renal biopsy class</term><term>Respiratory involvement</term><term>Respiratory manifestations</term><term>Respiratory system</term><term>Restrictive pattern</term><term>Rheum</term><term>Rheumatic</term><term>Rheumatic diseases</term><term>Semin arthritis rheum</term><term>Sjogren syndrome</term><term>Slicc</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Systemic</term><term>Systemic lupus</term><term>Systemic lupus erythematosus</term><term>Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index</term><term>Systemic lupus erythematosus patients</term><term>Unexplained dyspnea</term><term>Urine protein</term><term>Vital capacity</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Aim: To detect the prevalence of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and study their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and differences in disease activity and damage. Methods: The study included 200 Egyptian SLE patients and SLS was considered in those with exertional dyspnea, restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and elevated copula of the diaphragm. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory and relevant radiological investigations were performed for all the patients. High‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest were performed for patients with radiological findings consistent with SLS and those with pulmonary manifestations. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.3 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 5.81 ± 4.32 years and female to male ratio was 9 : 1. SLS was present in 27 patients (13.5%) with a female to male ratio of 3.5 : 1.0. The demographic features, clinical and laboratory manifestations, renal biopsy class, disease activity and damage scores, PFTs and radiological findings of the SLE patients are presented. Conclusion: Shrinking lung syndrome is not rare and presents a considerable subset of SLE patients. 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GHEITA</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Rheumatology</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ghada S. AZKALANY</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Rheumatology</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hussein S. EL‐FISHAWY</name><affiliations><json:string>Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Abeer M. NOUR ELDIN</name><affiliations><json:string>Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>shrinking lung syndrome</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>systemic lupus erythematosus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>APL1651</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Aim: To detect the prevalence of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and study their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and differences in disease activity and damage. Methods: The study included 200 Egyptian SLE patients and SLS was considered in those with exertional dyspnea, restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and elevated copula of the diaphragm. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory and relevant radiological investigations were performed for all the patients. High‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest were performed for patients with radiological findings consistent with SLS and those with pulmonary manifestations. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.3 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 5.81 ± 4.32 years and female to male ratio was 9 : 1. SLS was present in 27 patients (13.5%) with a female to male ratio of 3.5 : 1.0. The demographic features, clinical and laboratory manifestations, renal biopsy class, disease activity and damage scores, PFTs and radiological findings of the SLE patients are presented. Conclusion: Shrinking lung syndrome is not rare and presents a considerable subset of SLE patients. In SLE patients with dyspnea or chest pain, SLS should be looked for and PFTs are highly suggestive.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.043</score><pdfWordCount>3751</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>24701</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 779.528 pts</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>469</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>191</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1345</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>4</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title><pmid><json:string>22004233</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1756-185X</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1756-1841</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1756-185X</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>APL</json:string></publisherId><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><pages><first>361</first><last>368</last><total>8</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Original articles</value></json:item><json:item><value>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2011</json:string><json:string>1982</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>WHO</json:string><json:string>Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</json:string><json:string>SPSS Inc., Chicago</json:string><json:string>Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt Abstract Aim</json:string><json:string>Cairo University</json:string><json:string>Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics</json:string><json:string>Systemic Lupus International</json:string><json:string>ACR</json:string><json:string>American College of Rheumatology</json:string><json:string>Parameter Laboratory Investigations ESR</json:string><json:string>The Authors International Journal</json:string><json:string>World Health Organization</json:string><json:string>Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Asia Paci</json:string><json:string>Aza Corticosteroids</json:string><json:string>The</json:string><json:string>Treatment</json:string></persName><placeName></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>T. A. Gheita et al.</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - rheumatology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Rheumatology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01651.x</json:string></doi><id>8A2F1C414323BBBC15685DEEE4093959E747530C</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title><title level="a" type="short">SLS in SLE: disease manifestations, activity and damage</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases © 2011 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2011-10"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title><title level="a" type="short">SLS in SLE: disease manifestations, activity and damage</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Tamer A.</forename><surname>GHEITA</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Departments of Rheumatology</orgName></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Ghada S.</forename><surname>AZKALANY</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Departments of Rheumatology</orgName></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Hussein S.</forename><surname>EL‐FISHAWY</surname></persName><affiliation><address><addrLine>Internal Medicine</addrLine><addrLine>Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</addrLine></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Abeer M.</forename><surname>NOUR ELDIN</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Pediatric Department</orgName><orgName type="laboratory">National Research Centre</orgName><address><addrLine>Cairo</addrLine><addrLine>Egypt</addrLine><country key="EG" xml:lang="en">EGYPT</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">8A2F1C414323BBBC15685DEEE4093959E747530C</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01651.x</idno><idno type="unit">APL1651</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:APL.APL1651.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases</title><title level="j" type="alt">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES</title><idno type="pISSN">1756-1841</idno><idno type="eISSN">1756-185X</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1756-185X</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/apl.2011.14.issue-4</idno><idno type="product">APL</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="361">361</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="368">368</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-10"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p><hi rend="bold">Aim: </hi> To detect the prevalence of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and study their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and differences in disease activity and damage.</p><p><hi rend="bold">Methods: </hi> The study included 200 Egyptian SLE patients and SLS was considered in those with exertional dyspnea, restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and elevated copula of the diaphragm. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory and relevant radiological investigations were performed for all the patients. High‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest were performed for patients with radiological findings consistent with SLS and those with pulmonary manifestations.</p><p><hi rend="bold">Results: </hi> The mean age of the patients was 29.3 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 5.81 ± 4.32 years and female to male ratio was 9 : 1. SLS was present in 27 patients (13.5%) with a female to male ratio of 3.5 : 1.0. The demographic features, clinical and laboratory manifestations, renal biopsy class, disease activity and damage scores, PFTs and radiological findings of the SLE patients are presented.</p><p><hi rend="bold">Conclusion: </hi> Shrinking lung syndrome is not rare and presents a considerable subset of SLE patients. In SLE patients with dyspnea or chest pain, SLS should be looked for and PFTs are highly suggestive.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">shrinking lung syndrome</term><term xml:id="k2">systemic lupus erythematosus</term><term xml:id="k3">Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index</term><term xml:id="k4">Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original articles</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-83L01W04-P/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1756-185X</doi><issn type="print">1756-1841</issn><issn type="electronic">1756-185X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="APL"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES">International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="10104"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/apl.2011.14.issue-4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="14">14</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="4">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-10">October 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="8" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01651.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="APL1651"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original articles</title><title type="articleCategory">ORIGINAL ARTICLE</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases © 2011 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.10 mode:FullText" date="2011-10-17"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2011-08-31"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-08-31"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-10-17"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="361">361</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="368">368</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Dr Tamer A. Gheita, Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Email: <email>gheitamer@hotmail.com</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:APL.APL1651.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title><title type="shortAuthors">T. A. Gheita <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">SLS in SLE: disease manifestations, activity and damage</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Tamer A.</givenNames><familyName>GHEITA</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Ghada S.</givenNames><familyName>AZKALANY</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Hussein S.</givenNames><familyName>EL‐FISHAWY</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Abeer M.</givenNames><familyName>NOUR ELDIN</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1"><unparsedAffiliation>Departments of Rheumatology</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2"><unparsedAffiliation>Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="EG"><unparsedAffiliation>Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">shrinking lung syndrome</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">systemic lupus erythematosus</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p><b>Aim: </b> To detect the prevalence of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and study their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and differences in disease activity and damage.</p><p><b>Methods: </b> The study included 200 Egyptian SLE patients and SLS was considered in those with exertional dyspnea, restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and elevated copula of the diaphragm. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory and relevant radiological investigations were performed for all the patients. High‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest were performed for patients with radiological findings consistent with SLS and those with pulmonary manifestations.</p><p><b>Results: </b> The mean age of the patients was 29.3 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 5.81 ± 4.32 years and female to male ratio was 9 : 1. SLS was present in 27 patients (13.5%) with a female to male ratio of 3.5 : 1.0. The demographic features, clinical and laboratory manifestations, renal biopsy class, disease activity and damage scores, PFTs and radiological findings of the SLE patients are presented.</p><p><b>Conclusion: </b> Shrinking lung syndrome is not rare and presents a considerable subset of SLE patients. In SLE patients with dyspnea or chest pain, SLS should be looked for and PFTs are highly suggestive.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>The authors equally contributed to the paper.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SLS in SLE: disease manifestations, activity and damage</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; clinical characteristics, disease activity and damage</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tamer A.</namePart><namePart type="family">GHEITA</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Rheumatology</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ghada S.</namePart><namePart type="family">AZKALANY</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Rheumatology</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hussein S.</namePart><namePart type="family">EL‐FISHAWY</namePart><affiliation>Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abeer M.</namePart><namePart type="family">NOUR ELDIN</namePart><affiliation>Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-10</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Aim: To detect the prevalence of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and study their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and differences in disease activity and damage. Methods: The study included 200 Egyptian SLE patients and SLS was considered in those with exertional dyspnea, restrictive pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and elevated copula of the diaphragm. Full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory and relevant radiological investigations were performed for all the patients. High‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest were performed for patients with radiological findings consistent with SLS and those with pulmonary manifestations. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.3 ± 8.4 years, mean disease duration 5.81 ± 4.32 years and female to male ratio was 9 : 1. SLS was present in 27 patients (13.5%) with a female to male ratio of 3.5 : 1.0. The demographic features, clinical and laboratory manifestations, renal biopsy class, disease activity and damage scores, PFTs and radiological findings of the SLE patients are presented. Conclusion: Shrinking lung syndrome is not rare and presents a considerable subset of SLE patients. In SLE patients with dyspnea or chest pain, SLS should be looked for and PFTs are highly suggestive.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>shrinking lung syndrome</topic><topic>systemic lupus erythematosus</topic><topic>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index</topic><topic>Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original articles</topic><topic>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1756-1841</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1756-185X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1756-185X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">APL</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>361</start><end>368</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit1"><titleInfo><title>Respiratory involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Carmier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Marchand‐Adam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Diot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E</namePart><namePart type="family">Diot</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Carmier D, Marchand‐Adam S, Diot P, Diot E (2008) Respiratory involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. 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