Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages
Identifieur interne : 001070 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001069; suivant : 001071Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages
Auteurs : Y. Kubota ; S. Takahashi ; I. Takahashi ; G. PatrickSource :
- Toxicology in Vitro [ 0887-2333 ] ; 2000.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Acidic lysosomal enzyme activities, Alveolar macrophages, American journal, Apoptosis, Apoptotic cells, Balanced salt solution, Cell death, Cell lysate, Cell viability, Chloroquine, Chloroquine treatment, Colloidal form, Complete culture medium, Condensed nuclei, Contrast agent, Control culture, Corresponding concentration, Culture medium, Culture plates, Cytotoxic, Cytotoxic response, Cytotoxic sensitivity, Cytotoxicity, Data point, Dos, Dose level, Elsevier science, Environmental health perspectives, Eppendorf tube, Error bars, European journal, Gadolinium, Gadolinium chloride, Guinea pigs, Incubation temperature, Incubation time, Individual sample, International journal, Interphase cell death, Intracellular uptake, Inverted microscope, Kubota, Latex particles, Leukocyte biology, Ltered, Ltration, Lung macrophages, Lysosomotropic agents, Macrophage, Macrophage apoptosis, Many data points, Masstm ladder, Microculture plates, Molecular biology, Molecular size marker, Mouse, National institute, Nh4cl, Other hand, Particulate form, Particulate forms, Particulate matter, Phagocytic, Phagocytic activities, Phagocytic activity, Phagocytosis, Pore size, Present study, Quantitative analysis, Radiation biology, Radiological sciences, Rare earth metals, Respiratory cell, Reticuloendothelial system, Separate experiments, Standard error, Sterile saline, Subsequent dissolution, Subsequent process, Time points, Total amount, Toxicity, Viability, Viable cell number.
Abstract
Abstract: The cytotoxicity of gadolinium (Gd) chloride was investigated in alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in vitro. A marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd was found between mouse and rat AM. The viability of rat AM was decreased by exposure to Gd at doses more than 3 μm, while mouse AM appeared to be resistant even up to 1000 μm Gd exposure. The decrease in the viability of rat AM exposed to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was mitigated by centrifugation and filtration of the culture medium containing Gd, or by the treatment of AM with lysosomotropic agents such as NH4Cl or chloroquine, suggesting that the cytotoxic response of rat AM to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was dependent on the intracellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of Gd present in the culture medium in colloidal form. The phagocytic activity of mouse AM, evaluated by the uptake of latex particles, was higher than that of rat AM. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Gd with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that mouse AM took up a larger amount of Gd than rat AM. Therefore, the marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd between mouse and rat AM could not be attributed to the phagocytic activities for the colloidal form of Gd. The cytotoxic sensitivity of AM to Gd present in non-colloidal form was almost the same between mouse and rat AM. Therefore, it is suggested that the extent to which Gd-colloid phagocytosed is dissolved in the phago-lysosome or the subsequent process to exhibit the cytotoxicity may be different between mouse and rat AM.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00027-8
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:74EB691C7ECD434910EEBF9B503D27820AF6662DLe document en format XML
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Takahashi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patrick, G" sort="Patrick, G" uniqKey="Patrick G" first="G" last="Patrick">G. Patrick</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:74EB691C7ECD434910EEBF9B503D27820AF6662D</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00027-8</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001070</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001070</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</title><author><name sortKey="Kubota, Y" sort="Kubota, Y" uniqKey="Kubota Y" first="Y" last="Kubota">Y. Kubota</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: y_kubota@nirs.go.jp</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takahashi, S" sort="Takahashi, S" uniqKey="Takahashi S" first="S" last="Takahashi">S. Takahashi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Takahashi, I" sort="Takahashi, I" uniqKey="Takahashi I" first="I" last="Takahashi">I. Takahashi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patrick, G" sort="Patrick, G" uniqKey="Patrick G" first="G" last="Patrick">G. Patrick</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Toxicology in Vitro</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">TIV</title><idno type="ISSN">0887-2333</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="309">309</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="319">319</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0887-2333</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0887-2333</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acidic lysosomal enzyme activities</term><term>Alveolar macrophages</term><term>American journal</term><term>Apoptosis</term><term>Apoptotic cells</term><term>Balanced salt solution</term><term>Cell death</term><term>Cell lysate</term><term>Cell viability</term><term>Chloroquine</term><term>Chloroquine treatment</term><term>Colloidal form</term><term>Complete culture medium</term><term>Condensed nuclei</term><term>Contrast agent</term><term>Control culture</term><term>Corresponding concentration</term><term>Culture medium</term><term>Culture plates</term><term>Cytotoxic</term><term>Cytotoxic response</term><term>Cytotoxic sensitivity</term><term>Cytotoxicity</term><term>Data point</term><term>Dos</term><term>Dose level</term><term>Elsevier science</term><term>Environmental health perspectives</term><term>Eppendorf tube</term><term>Error bars</term><term>European journal</term><term>Gadolinium</term><term>Gadolinium chloride</term><term>Guinea pigs</term><term>Incubation temperature</term><term>Incubation time</term><term>Individual sample</term><term>International journal</term><term>Interphase cell death</term><term>Intracellular uptake</term><term>Inverted microscope</term><term>Kubota</term><term>Latex particles</term><term>Leukocyte biology</term><term>Ltered</term><term>Ltration</term><term>Lung macrophages</term><term>Lysosomotropic agents</term><term>Macrophage</term><term>Macrophage apoptosis</term><term>Many data points</term><term>Masstm ladder</term><term>Microculture plates</term><term>Molecular biology</term><term>Molecular size marker</term><term>Mouse</term><term>National institute</term><term>Nh4cl</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Particulate form</term><term>Particulate forms</term><term>Particulate matter</term><term>Phagocytic</term><term>Phagocytic activities</term><term>Phagocytic activity</term><term>Phagocytosis</term><term>Pore size</term><term>Present study</term><term>Quantitative analysis</term><term>Radiation biology</term><term>Radiological sciences</term><term>Rare earth metals</term><term>Respiratory cell</term><term>Reticuloendothelial system</term><term>Separate experiments</term><term>Standard error</term><term>Sterile saline</term><term>Subsequent dissolution</term><term>Subsequent process</term><term>Time points</term><term>Total amount</term><term>Toxicity</term><term>Viability</term><term>Viable cell number</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: The cytotoxicity of gadolinium (Gd) chloride was investigated in alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in vitro. A marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd was found between mouse and rat AM. The viability of rat AM was decreased by exposure to Gd at doses more than 3 μm, while mouse AM appeared to be resistant even up to 1000 μm Gd exposure. The decrease in the viability of rat AM exposed to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was mitigated by centrifugation and filtration of the culture medium containing Gd, or by the treatment of AM with lysosomotropic agents such as NH4Cl or chloroquine, suggesting that the cytotoxic response of rat AM to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was dependent on the intracellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of Gd present in the culture medium in colloidal form. The phagocytic activity of mouse AM, evaluated by the uptake of latex particles, was higher than that of rat AM. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Gd with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that mouse AM took up a larger amount of Gd than rat AM. Therefore, the marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd between mouse and rat AM could not be attributed to the phagocytic activities for the colloidal form of Gd. The cytotoxic sensitivity of AM to Gd present in non-colloidal form was almost the same between mouse and rat AM. Therefore, it is suggested that the extent to which Gd-colloid phagocytosed is dissolved in the phago-lysosome or the subsequent process to exhibit the cytotoxicity may be different between mouse and rat AM.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>macrophage</json:string><json:string>cytotoxicity</json:string><json:string>cytotoxic</json:string><json:string>ltered</json:string><json:string>gadolinium</json:string><json:string>phagocytic</json:string><json:string>nh4cl</json:string><json:string>cytotoxic response</json:string><json:string>alveolar macrophages</json:string><json:string>phagocytic activity</json:string><json:string>chloroquine</json:string><json:string>apoptosis</json:string><json:string>kubota</json:string><json:string>ltration</json:string><json:string>separate experiments</json:string><json:string>phagocytosis</json:string><json:string>latex particles</json:string><json:string>toxicity</json:string><json:string>complete culture medium</json:string><json:string>standard error</json:string><json:string>many data points</json:string><json:string>cell viability</json:string><json:string>error bars</json:string><json:string>data point</json:string><json:string>present study</json:string><json:string>dos</json:string><json:string>mouse</json:string><json:string>culture medium</json:string><json:string>subsequent dissolution</json:string><json:string>colloidal form</json:string><json:string>particulate matter</json:string><json:string>viability</json:string><json:string>apoptotic cells</json:string><json:string>corresponding concentration</json:string><json:string>lysosomotropic agents</json:string><json:string>rare earth metals</json:string><json:string>environmental health perspectives</json:string><json:string>american journal</json:string><json:string>international journal</json:string><json:string>leukocyte biology</json:string><json:string>phagocytic activities</json:string><json:string>particulate form</json:string><json:string>cytotoxic sensitivity</json:string><json:string>eppendorf tube</json:string><json:string>subsequent process</json:string><json:string>viable cell number</json:string><json:string>control culture</json:string><json:string>elsevier science</json:string><json:string>gadolinium chloride</json:string><json:string>national institute</json:string><json:string>cell death</json:string><json:string>individual sample</json:string><json:string>cell lysate</json:string><json:string>incubation time</json:string><json:string>incubation temperature</json:string><json:string>culture plates</json:string><json:string>pore size</json:string><json:string>balanced salt solution</json:string><json:string>contrast agent</json:string><json:string>condensed nuclei</json:string><json:string>reticuloendothelial system</json:string><json:string>intracellular uptake</json:string><json:string>other hand</json:string><json:string>inverted microscope</json:string><json:string>lung macrophages</json:string><json:string>chloroquine treatment</json:string><json:string>acidic lysosomal enzyme activities</json:string><json:string>time points</json:string><json:string>total amount</json:string><json:string>guinea pigs</json:string><json:string>interphase cell death</json:string><json:string>molecular size marker</json:string><json:string>particulate forms</json:string><json:string>dose level</json:string><json:string>european journal</json:string><json:string>radiological sciences</json:string><json:string>masstm ladder</json:string><json:string>respiratory cell</json:string><json:string>molecular biology</json:string><json:string>quantitative analysis</json:string><json:string>radiation biology</json:string><json:string>macrophage apoptosis</json:string><json:string>sterile saline</json:string><json:string>microculture plates</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Y Kubota</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: y_kubota@nirs.go.jp</json:string><json:string>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S Takahashi</name><affiliations><json:string>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I Takahashi</name><affiliations><json:string>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G Patrick</name><affiliations><json:string>MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Mechanisms</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>gadolinium</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cytotoxic</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>macrophages</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>alveolar</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>colloid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>phagocytosis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cadmium</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>apoptosis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AM=alveolar macrophages</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DMEM=Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>FCS=fetal calf serum</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gd=gadolinium</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HBSS=Hanks' balanced salt solution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>polyHEMA=poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate</value></json:item></subject><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: The cytotoxicity of gadolinium (Gd) chloride was investigated in alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in vitro. A marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd was found between mouse and rat AM. The viability of rat AM was decreased by exposure to Gd at doses more than 3 μm, while mouse AM appeared to be resistant even up to 1000 μm Gd exposure. The decrease in the viability of rat AM exposed to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was mitigated by centrifugation and filtration of the culture medium containing Gd, or by the treatment of AM with lysosomotropic agents such as NH4Cl or chloroquine, suggesting that the cytotoxic response of rat AM to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was dependent on the intracellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of Gd present in the culture medium in colloidal form. The phagocytic activity of mouse AM, evaluated by the uptake of latex particles, was higher than that of rat AM. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Gd with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that mouse AM took up a larger amount of Gd than rat AM. Therefore, the marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd between mouse and rat AM could not be attributed to the phagocytic activities for the colloidal form of Gd. The cytotoxic sensitivity of AM to Gd present in non-colloidal form was almost the same between mouse and rat AM. Therefore, it is suggested that the extent to which Gd-colloid phagocytosed is dissolved in the phago-lysosome or the subsequent process to exhibit the cytotoxicity may be different between mouse and rat AM.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>5534</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>31699</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>11</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>539 x 774 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>266</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1571</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>15</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</title><pmid><json:string>10906437</json:string></pmid><pii><json:string>S0887-2333(00)00027-8</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Toxicology in Vitro</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0887-2333</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0887-2333(00)X0032-X</json:string></pii><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><pages><first>309</first><last>319</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2000</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>National Institute of Radiological Sciences, and Regulations on Appropriate Animal Breeding and Treatment</json:string><json:string>Tama Chemicals Co.</json:string><json:string>SLC Co.</json:string><json:string>Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd</json:string><json:string>Polysciences Inc.</json:string><json:string>SPEX Industries Inc.</json:string><json:string>Elsevier Science Ltd.</json:string><json:string>Institutional Committee for Animal Safety and Welfare</json:string><json:string>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co.</json:string><json:string>Ltd</json:string><json:string>Sigma Chemical Co.</json:string><json:string>Lab</json:string><json:string>Yokogawa Analytical Systems, Tokyo, Japan</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName></persName><placeName><json:string>Bedford</json:string><json:string>Warrington</json:string><json:string>Kup</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Shizuoka</json:string><json:string>Eppendorf</json:string><json:string>USA</json:string><json:string>Japan</json:string><json:string>Kawasaki</json:string><json:string>Tokyo</json:string><json:string>MA</json:string><json:string>Leicester</json:string><json:string>Osaka</json:string><json:string>PA</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Sarphie et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Cd and Gd 3000</json:string><json:string>Mizgerd et al. (1996)</json:string><json:string>Roland et al., 1994, 1996</json:string><json:string>Hisama et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Yoshida and Muramatsu 1997</json:string><json:string>Heilmann et al., 1992</json:string><json:string>Rao et al., 1995</json:string><json:string>Molina et al., 1995</json:string><json:string>O'Neill et al., 1994</json:string><json:string>Callery et al., 1990</json:string><json:string>Kreyling et al., 1990, 1992</json:string><json:string>Hirano and Suzuki, 1996</json:string><json:string>Martin and Cotter (1991)</json:string><json:string>Kubota et al., 1994</json:string><json:string>Lazar, 1973</json:string><json:string>Kohno et al., 1997</json:string><json:string>Hirano et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Rai et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Runge and Parker, 1997</json:string><json:string>Rocklage et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Wyllie, 1980</json:string><json:string>Naito et al. (1996)</json:string><json:string>Y. Kubota et al.</json:string><json:string>Pendino et al., 1995</json:string><json:string>Tasaka et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Brazil et al., 1997</json:string><json:string>Kerr et al., 1972</json:string><json:string>Ruttinger et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Suzuki et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>Lazar (1973)</json:string><json:string>Liu et al., 1995</json:string><json:string>Weinmann et al., 1984</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - toxicology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string><json:string>3 - toxicology</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics</json:string><json:string>3 - Toxicology</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00027-8</json:string></doi><id>74EB691C7ECD434910EEBF9B503D27820AF6662D</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><licence><p>©2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note type="content">Fig. 1: The viability of muse and rat AM after 48 hr of exposure to Gd (left) and Cd (right). The viability was expressed as the percentage of the viable cell number to that in control culture. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from C3H and B6 mice at the corresponding concentration of Gd or Cd.</note><note type="content">Plate 1: Light microscopic photographs of B6 mouse AM (a,b,c) and SD rat AM (d,e,f) at 48 hr of culture. (a) and (d) control AM; (b) and (e) AM exposed to 300 μm Gd; (c) and (f) AM exposed to 3000 μm Gd. All photographs were at the same magnification.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: The percentage of apoptotic cells showed pyknosis and/or nuclear fragmentation at 48 hr of culture. At least 200 AM were observed in each individual sample. The mean and standard error were calculated from three separate experiments. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from the control (0 μm Gd) in B6 mice and SD rats, respectively.</note><note type="content">Plate 2: The migration profile of DNA extracted from AM at 48 hr of culture. Lane M, a molecular size marker of 100 bp DNA; Lane 1, control B6 mouse AM; Lane 2, B6 mouse AM exposed to 300 μm Gd; Lane 3, B6 mouse AM exposed to 3000 μm Gd; Lane 4, control SD rat AM; Lane 5, SD rat AM exposed to 300 μm Gd; Lane 6, SD rat AM exposed to 3000 μm Gd; Lane m, a molecular size marker of DNA MASS™ Ladder.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Effects of filtration of Gd (right) and Cd (left) preparations on cell viability determined at 48 hr of culture in B6 mouse (upper) and SD rat (lower) AM. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from those exposed to filtered Gd at the corresponding concentration of Gd. Note the scale of Gd concentration is different between upper and lower graphs.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: The effect of NH4Cl treatment on cytotoxicity of Gd for B6 mouse AM (center), Cd for B6 mouse (left) and SD rat (right) AM. Cell viability was determined at 48 hr of culture. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. There was no statistically significant difference between NH4Cl treated and non-treated samples. Note: the scale of horizontal axis (metal concentration) is different between the graphs.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: The effect of NH4Cl (left) or chloroquine (right) treatment on the cytotoxicity of Gd for SD rat AM. Cell viability was determined at 48 hr of culture. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from non-treated AM at the corresponding concentration of Gd.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: The percentage of AM classified according to the number of latex particles phagocytosed by individual AM. B6 mouse and SD rat AM were exposed to latex particles for 8, 24 and 48 hr. The mean and standard error were calculated from three separate experiments. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from B6 mouse AM at the corresponding data points.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: The cytotoxicity of the filtered Gd preparation made by the filtration of original 3000 μm Gd preparation in B6 mouse and SD rat AM. The mean and standard error were calculated from three separate experiments. There was no statistically significant difference between B6 mouse and SD rat AM.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Uptake of Gd by B6 mouse and SD rat AM after 0, 4 and 10 hr</note><note type="content">Table 2: Percentage of Gd existing as a non-colloidal form</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Y</forename><surname>Kubota</surname></persName><email>y_kubota@nirs.go.jp</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel: 043-206-3159; fax: 043-251-4853</p></note><affiliation>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Takahashi</surname></persName><affiliation>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">I</forename><surname>Takahashi</surname></persName><affiliation>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><surname>Patrick</surname></persName><affiliation>MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">74EB691C7ECD434910EEBF9B503D27820AF6662D</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00027-8</idno><idno type="PII">S0887-2333(00)00027-8</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Toxicology in Vitro</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">TIV</title><idno type="pISSN">0887-2333</idno><idno type="PII">S0887-2333(00)X0032-X</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="309">309</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="319">319</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: The cytotoxicity of gadolinium (Gd) chloride was investigated in alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in vitro. A marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd was found between mouse and rat AM. The viability of rat AM was decreased by exposure to Gd at doses more than 3 μm, while mouse AM appeared to be resistant even up to 1000 μm Gd exposure. The decrease in the viability of rat AM exposed to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was mitigated by centrifugation and filtration of the culture medium containing Gd, or by the treatment of AM with lysosomotropic agents such as NH4Cl or chloroquine, suggesting that the cytotoxic response of rat AM to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was dependent on the intracellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of Gd present in the culture medium in colloidal form. The phagocytic activity of mouse AM, evaluated by the uptake of latex particles, was higher than that of rat AM. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Gd with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that mouse AM took up a larger amount of Gd than rat AM. Therefore, the marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd between mouse and rat AM could not be attributed to the phagocytic activities for the colloidal form of Gd. The cytotoxic sensitivity of AM to Gd present in non-colloidal form was almost the same between mouse and rat AM. Therefore, it is suggested that the extent to which Gd-colloid phagocytosed is dissolved in the phago-lysosome or the subsequent process to exhibit the cytotoxicity may be different between mouse and rat AM.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Mechanisms</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>gadolinium</term></item><item><term>cytotoxic</term></item><item><term>macrophages</term></item><item><term>alveolar</term></item><item><term>colloid</term></item><item><term>phagocytosis</term></item><item><term>cadmium</term></item><item><term>apoptosis</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Abbreviations</head><item><term>AM=alveolar macrophages</term></item><item><term>DMEM=Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium</term></item><item><term>FCS=fetal calf serum</term></item><item><term>Gd=gadolinium</term></item><item><term>HBSS=Hanks' balanced salt solution</term></item><item><term>polyHEMA=poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr7" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr7"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="pl1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="pl1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="pl2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="pl2"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>TIV</jid><aid>768</aid><ce:pii>S0887-2333(00)00027-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00027-8</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright><ce:doctopics><ce:doctopic><ce:text>Mechanisms</ce:text></ce:doctopic></ce:doctopics></item-info><head><ce:title>Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Y</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kubota</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFA"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>y_kubota@nirs.go.jp</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>S</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Takahashi</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFA"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>I</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Takahashi</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFB"><ce:sup>2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>G</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Patrick</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFFC"><ce:sup>3</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFFA"><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:textfn>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFFB"><ce:label>2</ce:label><ce:textfn>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFFC"><ce:label>3</ce:label><ce:textfn>MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel: 043-206-3159; fax: 043-251-4853</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="11" month="1" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The cytotoxicity of gadolinium (Gd) chloride was investigated in alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic>. A marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd was found between mouse and rat AM. The viability of rat AM was decreased by exposure to Gd at doses more than 3 μ<ce:small-caps>m</ce:small-caps>, while mouse AM appeared to be resistant even up to 1000 μ<ce:small-caps>m</ce:small-caps> Gd exposure. The decrease in the viability of rat AM exposed to Gd at doses up to 1000 μ<ce:small-caps>m</ce:small-caps> was mitigated by centrifugation and filtration of the culture medium containing Gd, or by the treatment of AM with lysosomotropic agents such as NH<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>Cl or chloroquine, suggesting that the cytotoxic response of rat AM to Gd at doses up to 1000 μ<ce:small-caps>m</ce:small-caps> was dependent on the intracellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of Gd present in the culture medium in colloidal form. The phagocytic activity of mouse AM, evaluated by the uptake of latex particles, was higher than that of rat AM. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Gd with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that mouse AM took up a larger amount of Gd than rat AM. Therefore, the marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd between mouse and rat AM could not be attributed to the phagocytic activities for the colloidal form of Gd. The cytotoxic sensitivity of AM to Gd present in non-colloidal form was almost the same between mouse and rat AM. Therefore, it is suggested that the extent to which Gd-colloid phagocytosed is dissolved in the phago-lysosome or the subsequent process to exhibit the cytotoxicity may be different between mouse and rat AM.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>gadolinium</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>cytotoxic</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>macrophages</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>alveolar</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>colloid</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>phagocytosis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>cadmium</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>apoptosis</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords><ce:keywords class="abr"><ce:section-title>Abbreviations</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>AM=alveolar macrophages</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>DMEM=Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>FCS=fetal calf serum</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Gd=gadolinium</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>HBSS=Hanks' balanced salt solution</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>polyHEMA=poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Different cytotoxic response to gadolinium between mouse and rat alveolar macrophages</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Kubota</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: y_kubota@nirs.go.jp</affiliation><affiliation>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel: 043-206-3159; fax: 043-251-4853</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><affiliation>Environmental and Toxicological Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><affiliation>Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Patrick</namePart><affiliation>MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: The cytotoxicity of gadolinium (Gd) chloride was investigated in alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in vitro. A marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd was found between mouse and rat AM. The viability of rat AM was decreased by exposure to Gd at doses more than 3 μm, while mouse AM appeared to be resistant even up to 1000 μm Gd exposure. The decrease in the viability of rat AM exposed to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was mitigated by centrifugation and filtration of the culture medium containing Gd, or by the treatment of AM with lysosomotropic agents such as NH4Cl or chloroquine, suggesting that the cytotoxic response of rat AM to Gd at doses up to 1000 μm was dependent on the intracellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of Gd present in the culture medium in colloidal form. The phagocytic activity of mouse AM, evaluated by the uptake of latex particles, was higher than that of rat AM. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Gd with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that mouse AM took up a larger amount of Gd than rat AM. Therefore, the marked difference in the cytotoxic response to Gd between mouse and rat AM could not be attributed to the phagocytic activities for the colloidal form of Gd. The cytotoxic sensitivity of AM to Gd present in non-colloidal form was almost the same between mouse and rat AM. Therefore, it is suggested that the extent to which Gd-colloid phagocytosed is dissolved in the phago-lysosome or the subsequent process to exhibit the cytotoxicity may be different between mouse and rat AM.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: The viability of muse and rat AM after 48 hr of exposure to Gd (left) and Cd (right). The viability was expressed as the percentage of the viable cell number to that in control culture. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from C3H and B6 mice at the corresponding concentration of Gd or Cd.</note><note type="content">Plate 1: Light microscopic photographs of B6 mouse AM (a,b,c) and SD rat AM (d,e,f) at 48 hr of culture. (a) and (d) control AM; (b) and (e) AM exposed to 300 μm Gd; (c) and (f) AM exposed to 3000 μm Gd. All photographs were at the same magnification.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: The percentage of apoptotic cells showed pyknosis and/or nuclear fragmentation at 48 hr of culture. At least 200 AM were observed in each individual sample. The mean and standard error were calculated from three separate experiments. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from the control (0 μm Gd) in B6 mice and SD rats, respectively.</note><note type="content">Plate 2: The migration profile of DNA extracted from AM at 48 hr of culture. Lane M, a molecular size marker of 100 bp DNA; Lane 1, control B6 mouse AM; Lane 2, B6 mouse AM exposed to 300 μm Gd; Lane 3, B6 mouse AM exposed to 3000 μm Gd; Lane 4, control SD rat AM; Lane 5, SD rat AM exposed to 300 μm Gd; Lane 6, SD rat AM exposed to 3000 μm Gd; Lane m, a molecular size marker of DNA MASS™ Ladder.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Effects of filtration of Gd (right) and Cd (left) preparations on cell viability determined at 48 hr of culture in B6 mouse (upper) and SD rat (lower) AM. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from those exposed to filtered Gd at the corresponding concentration of Gd. Note the scale of Gd concentration is different between upper and lower graphs.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: The effect of NH4Cl treatment on cytotoxicity of Gd for B6 mouse AM (center), Cd for B6 mouse (left) and SD rat (right) AM. Cell viability was determined at 48 hr of culture. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. There was no statistically significant difference between NH4Cl treated and non-treated samples. Note: the scale of horizontal axis (metal concentration) is different between the graphs.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: The effect of NH4Cl (left) or chloroquine (right) treatment on the cytotoxicity of Gd for SD rat AM. Cell viability was determined at 48 hr of culture. Each data point is a mean of three separate experiments. Error bars were omitted because they overlapped on many data points. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from non-treated AM at the corresponding concentration of Gd.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: The percentage of AM classified according to the number of latex particles phagocytosed by individual AM. B6 mouse and SD rat AM were exposed to latex particles for 8, 24 and 48 hr. The mean and standard error were calculated from three separate experiments. Asterisks indicate the statistically significant difference from B6 mouse AM at the corresponding data points.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: The cytotoxicity of the filtered Gd preparation made by the filtration of original 3000 μm Gd preparation in B6 mouse and SD rat AM. The mean and standard error were calculated from three separate experiments. There was no statistically significant difference between B6 mouse and SD rat AM.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Uptake of Gd by B6 mouse and SD rat AM after 0, 4 and 10 hr</note><note type="content">Table 2: Percentage of Gd existing as a non-colloidal form</note><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Mechanisms</topic></subject><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>gadolinium</topic><topic>cytotoxic</topic><topic>macrophages</topic><topic>alveolar</topic><topic>colloid</topic><topic>phagocytosis</topic><topic>cadmium</topic><topic>apoptosis</topic></subject><subject><genre>Abbreviations</genre><topic>AM=alveolar macrophages</topic><topic>DMEM=Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium</topic><topic>FCS=fetal calf serum</topic><topic>Gd=gadolinium</topic><topic>HBSS=Hanks' balanced salt solution</topic><topic>polyHEMA=poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Toxicology in Vitro</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>TIV</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0887-2333</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0887-2333(00)X0032-X</identifier><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><number>14</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>4</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>287</start><end>400</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>309</start><end>319</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">74EB691C7ECD434910EEBF9B503D27820AF6662D</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00027-8</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0887-2333(00)00027-8</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2000</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-F10VC4QZ-R/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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