Transsexualism
Identifieur interne : 001340 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001339; suivant : 001341Transsexualism
Auteurs : P. T Cohen-Kettenis ; L. J. G GoorenSource :
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research [ 0022-3999 ] ; 1999.
Abstract
Transsexualism is considered to be the extreme end of the spectrum of gender identity disorders characterized by, among other things, a pursuit of sex reassignment surgery (SRS). The origins of transsexualism are still largely unclear. A first indication of anatomic brain differences between transsexuals and nontranssexuals has been found. Also, certain parental (rearing) factors seem to be associated with transsexualism. Some contradictory findings regarding etiology, psychopathology and success of SRS seem to be related to the fact that certain subtypes of transsexuals follow different developmental routes. The observations that psychotherapy is not helpful in altering a crystallized cross-gender identity and that certain transsexuals do not show severe psychopathology has led clinicians to adopt sex reassignment as a treatment option. In many countries, transsexuals are now treated according to the Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, a professional organization in the field of transsexualism. Research on postoperative functioning of transsexuals does not allow for unequivocal conclusions, but there is little doubt that sex reassignment substantially alleviates the suffering of transsexuals. However, SRS is no panacea. Psychotherapy may be needed to help transsexuals in adapting to the new situation or in dealing with issues that could not be addressed before treatment.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Transsexualism</title><author><name sortKey="Cohen Kettenis, P T" sort="Cohen Kettenis, P T" uniqKey="Cohen Kettenis P" first="P. T" last="Cohen-Kettenis">P. T Cohen-Kettenis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Address correspondence to: Dr. Cohen-Kettenis, Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2508401; Fax: 31-30-2505444</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: p.t.cohenkettenis@psych.azu.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gooren, L J G" sort="Gooren, L J G" uniqKey="Gooren L" first="L. J. G" last="Gooren">L. J. G Gooren</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Andrology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B</idno><date when="1999" year="1999">1999</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001340</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001340</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Transsexualism</title><author><name sortKey="Cohen Kettenis, P T" sort="Cohen Kettenis, P T" uniqKey="Cohen Kettenis P" first="P. T" last="Cohen-Kettenis">P. T Cohen-Kettenis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Address correspondence to: Dr. Cohen-Kettenis, Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2508401; Fax: 31-30-2505444</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: p.t.cohenkettenis@psych.azu.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gooren, L J G" sort="Gooren, L J G" uniqKey="Gooren L" first="L. J. G" last="Gooren">L. J. G Gooren</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Andrology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Psychosomatic Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PSR</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3999</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999">1999</date><biblScope unit="volume">46</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="315">315</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="333">333</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3999</idno></series><idno type="istex">6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3</idno><idno type="PII">S0022-3999(98)00085-3</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3999</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Transsexualism is considered to be the extreme end of the spectrum of gender identity disorders characterized by, among other things, a pursuit of sex reassignment surgery (SRS). The origins of transsexualism are still largely unclear. A first indication of anatomic brain differences between transsexuals and nontranssexuals has been found. Also, certain parental (rearing) factors seem to be associated with transsexualism. Some contradictory findings regarding etiology, psychopathology and success of SRS seem to be related to the fact that certain subtypes of transsexuals follow different developmental routes. The observations that psychotherapy is not helpful in altering a crystallized cross-gender identity and that certain transsexuals do not show severe psychopathology has led clinicians to adopt sex reassignment as a treatment option. In many countries, transsexuals are now treated according to the Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, a professional organization in the field of transsexualism. Research on postoperative functioning of transsexuals does not allow for unequivocal conclusions, but there is little doubt that sex reassignment substantially alleviates the suffering of transsexuals. However, SRS is no panacea. Psychotherapy may be needed to help transsexuals in adapting to the new situation or in dealing with issues that could not be addressed before treatment.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>P.T Cohen-Kettenis</name><affiliations><json:string>Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</json:string><json:string>Address correspondence to: Dr. Cohen-Kettenis, Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2508401; Fax: 31-30-2505444</json:string><json:string>E-mail: p.t.cohenkettenis@psych.azu.nl</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L.J.G Gooren</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Andrology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Transsexualism</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gender identity disorder</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gender dysphoria, Sex reassignment</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Review article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Transsexualism is considered to be the extreme end of the spectrum of gender identity disorders characterized by, among other things, a pursuit of sex reassignment surgery (SRS). The origins of transsexualism are still largely unclear. A first indication of anatomic brain differences between transsexuals and nontranssexuals has been found. Also, certain parental (rearing) factors seem to be associated with transsexualism. Some contradictory findings regarding etiology, psychopathology and success of SRS seem to be related to the fact that certain subtypes of transsexuals follow different developmental routes. The observations that psychotherapy is not helpful in altering a crystallized cross-gender identity and that certain transsexuals do not show severe psychopathology has led clinicians to adopt sex reassignment as a treatment option. In many countries, transsexuals are now treated according to the Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, a professional organization in the field of transsexualism. Research on postoperative functioning of transsexuals does not allow for unequivocal conclusions, but there is little doubt that sex reassignment substantially alleviates the suffering of transsexuals. However, SRS is no panacea. Psychotherapy may be needed to help transsexuals in adapting to the new situation or in dealing with issues that could not be addressed before treatment.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.448</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>486 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>3</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1442</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>9807</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>61977</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>19</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>204</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Transsexualism</title><pii><json:string>S0022-3999(98)00085-3</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>review-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>46</volume><pii><json:string>S0022-3999(00)X0047-5</json:string></pii><pages><last>333</last><first>315</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-3999</json:string></issn><issue>4</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Journal of Psychosomatic Research</title><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string></scienceMetrix><inist><json:string>sciences humaines et sociales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3</json:string></doi><id>6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Transsexualism</title><title level="a" type="sub">A review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©1999 Elsevier Science Inc.</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Section title: Review</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Transsexualism</title><title level="a" type="sub">A review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">P.T</forename><surname>Cohen-Kettenis</surname></persName><email>p.t.cohenkettenis@psych.azu.nl</email><affiliation>Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</affiliation><affiliation>Address correspondence to: Dr. Cohen-Kettenis, Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2508401; Fax: 31-30-2505444</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">L.J.G</forename><surname>Gooren</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Andrology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Psychosomatic Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PSR</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3999</idno><idno type="PII">S0022-3999(00)X0047-5</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999"></date><biblScope unit="volume">46</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="315">315</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="333">333</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3</idno><idno type="PII">S0022-3999(98)00085-3</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Transsexualism is considered to be the extreme end of the spectrum of gender identity disorders characterized by, among other things, a pursuit of sex reassignment surgery (SRS). The origins of transsexualism are still largely unclear. A first indication of anatomic brain differences between transsexuals and nontranssexuals has been found. Also, certain parental (rearing) factors seem to be associated with transsexualism. Some contradictory findings regarding etiology, psychopathology and success of SRS seem to be related to the fact that certain subtypes of transsexuals follow different developmental routes. The observations that psychotherapy is not helpful in altering a crystallized cross-gender identity and that certain transsexuals do not show severe psychopathology has led clinicians to adopt sex reassignment as a treatment option. In many countries, transsexuals are now treated according to the Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, a professional organization in the field of transsexualism. Research on postoperative functioning of transsexuals does not allow for unequivocal conclusions, but there is little doubt that sex reassignment substantially alleviates the suffering of transsexuals. However, SRS is no panacea. Psychotherapy may be needed to help transsexuals in adapting to the new situation or in dealing with issues that could not be addressed before treatment.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Transsexualism</term></item><item><term>Gender identity disorder</term></item><item><term>Gender dysphoria, Sex reassignment</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="rev"><item-info><jid>PSR</jid><aid>5343</aid><ce:pii>S0022-3999(98)00085-3</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="1999">Elsevier Science Inc.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Review</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Transsexualism</ce:title><ce:subtitle>A review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment</ce:subtitle><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>P.T</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Cohen-Kettenis</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>p.t.cohenkettenis@psych.azu.nl</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>L.J.G</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gooren</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2">†</ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:textfn>Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>†</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Andrology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Address correspondence to: Dr. Cohen-Kettenis, Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2508401; Fax: 31-30-2505444</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Transsexualism is considered to be the extreme end of the spectrum of gender identity disorders characterized by, among other things, a pursuit of sex reassignment surgery (SRS). The origins of transsexualism are still largely unclear. A first indication of anatomic brain differences between transsexuals and nontranssexuals has been found. Also, certain parental (rearing) factors seem to be associated with transsexualism. Some contradictory findings regarding etiology, psychopathology and success of SRS seem to be related to the fact that certain subtypes of transsexuals follow different developmental routes. The observations that psychotherapy is not helpful in altering a crystallized cross-gender identity and that certain transsexuals do not show severe psychopathology has led clinicians to adopt sex reassignment as a treatment option. In many countries, transsexuals are now treated according to the Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, a professional organization in the field of transsexualism. Research on postoperative functioning of transsexuals does not allow for unequivocal conclusions, but there is little doubt that sex reassignment substantially alleviates the suffering of transsexuals. However, SRS is no panacea. Psychotherapy may be needed to help transsexuals in adapting to the new situation or in dealing with issues that could not be addressed before treatment.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Transsexualism</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Gender identity disorder</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Gender dysphoria, Sex reassignment</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Transsexualism</title><subTitle>A review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Transsexualism</title><subTitle>A review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.T</namePart><namePart type="family">Cohen-Kettenis</namePart><affiliation>Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</affiliation><affiliation>Address correspondence to: Dr. Cohen-Kettenis, Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, P.O. 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Psychotherapy may be needed to help transsexuals in adapting to the new situation or in dealing with issues that could not be addressed before treatment.</abstract><note type="content">Section title: Review</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Transsexualism</topic><topic>Gender identity disorder</topic><topic>Gender dysphoria, Sex reassignment</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Psychosomatic Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>PSR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199904</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3999</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0022-3999(00)X0047-5</identifier><part><date>199904</date><detail type="volume"><number>46</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>4</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>309</start><end>408</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>315</start><end>333</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">6622113D9C30D201E96EEF7C4243BD9C3BD7319B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00085-3</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0022-3999(98)00085-3</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Elsevier Science Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Inc., ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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