Cochrane review: Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents
Identifieur interne : 000D54 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D53; suivant : 000D55Cochrane review: Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents
Auteurs : Roger E. Thomas ; Philip Ra Baker ; Diane LorenzettiSource :
- Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal [ 1557-6272 ] ; 2009-06.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
There is evidence that children's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ebch.378
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3ELe document en format XML
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Thomas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, UCMC, #1707‐1632 14th Avenue, Calgary, Alberta, T2M 1N7, Canada.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Philip Ra" sort="Baker, Philip Ra" uniqKey="Baker P" first="Philip Ra" last="Baker">Philip Ra Baker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Central Public Health Unit Network, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenzetti, Diane" sort="Lorenzetti, Diane" uniqKey="Lorenzetti D" first="Diane" last="Lorenzetti">Diane Lorenzetti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Health and Policy Studies, Dept of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Alberta, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3E</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/ebch.378</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3E/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000D54</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000D54</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cochrane review: Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents</title><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Roger E" sort="Thomas, Roger E" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="Roger E" last="Thomas">Roger E. Thomas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, UCMC, #1707‐1632 14th Avenue, Calgary, Alberta, T2M 1N7, Canada.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Philip Ra" sort="Baker, Philip Ra" uniqKey="Baker P" first="Philip Ra" last="Baker">Philip Ra Baker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Central Public Health Unit Network, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorenzetti, Diane" sort="Lorenzetti, Diane" uniqKey="Lorenzetti D" first="Diane" last="Lorenzetti">Diane Lorenzetti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Centre for Health and Policy Studies, Dept of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Alberta, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Evid.‐Based Child Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1557-6272</idno><idno type="eISSN">1557-6272</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-06">2009-06</date><biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="826">826</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="882">882</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1557-6272</idno></series><idno type="istex">C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ebch.378</idno><idno type="ArticleID">EBCH378</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1557-6272</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>*Family</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Child</term><term>Humans</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Smoking [*prevention & control; 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Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cochrane review: Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Roger E</forename><surname>Thomas</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, UCMC, #1707‐1632 14th Avenue, Calgary, Alberta, T2M 1N7, Canada.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Philip RA</forename><surname>Baker</surname></persName><affiliation>Central Public Health Unit Network, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Diane</forename><surname>Lorenzetti</surname></persName><affiliation>Centre for Health and Policy Studies, Dept of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Alberta, Canada</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Evid.‐Based Child Health</title><idno type="pISSN">1557-6272</idno><idno type="eISSN">1557-6272</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1557-6272</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-06"></date><biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="826">826</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="882">882</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ebch.378</idno><idno type="ArticleID">EBCH378</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>There is evidence that children's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends.</p></abstract><abstract><p>To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help family members to strengthen non‐smoking attitudes and promote non‐smoking by children and other family members.</p></abstract><abstract><p>We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We also searched unpublished material, and the reference lists of key articles. We performed both free‐text Internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate web sites, and we hand‐searched key journals not available electronically. We also consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was performed in November 2007.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with children (aged 5‐12) or adolescents (aged 13‐18) and family members to deter the use of tobacco. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of children who reported no use of tobacco at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention.</p></abstract><abstract><p>We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed them for methodological quality. The studies were too limited in number and quality to undertake a formal meta‐analysis, and we present a narrative synthesis.</p></abstract><abstract><p>We identified 22 RCTs of family interventions to prevent smoking. We identified six RCTs in Category 1 (minimal risk of bias on all counts); ten in Category 2 (a risk of bias in one or more areas); and six in Category 3 (risks of bias in design and execution such that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from the study). Considering the sixteen Category 1 and 2 studies together: (1) four of the nine that tested a family intervention against a control group had significant positive effects, but one showed significant negative effects; (2) one of the five RCTs that tested a family intervention against a school intervention had significant positive effects; (3) none of the seven that compared the incremental effects of a family plus a school programme to a school programme alone had significant positive effects; (4) the one RCT that tested a family tobacco intervention against a family non‐tobacco safety intervention showed no effects; and (5) the trial that used general risk reduction interventions found the group which received the parent and teen interventions had less smoking than the one that received only the teen intervention, and in the trial of CD‐ROMs to reduce alcohol use, both groups which received the alcohol reduction intervention had less smoking than the control. In neither trial was there a tobacco intervention, but tobacco outcomes were measured. For the included trials the amount of implementer training and the fidelity of implementation are related to positive outcomes, but the number of sessions is not.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Some well‐executed RCTs show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but RCTs which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well‐designed and executed RCTs in this area.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Does preventing children from starting to smoke reduce the number of people damaging their health by smoking Children and adolescents' likelihood of starting to smoke may be influenced by the behaviour of their families, and it may be possible to help family members strengthen non‐smoking attitudes and promote non‐smoking in children and other family members. Some high quality studies show that family interventions may help to prevent adolescent smoking, but less well‐conducted trials had mostly neutral or negative findings. How well the programme staff are trained and how well they deliver the programme may be related to effectiveness, but the number of sessions in the programme does not seem to make a difference.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Adolescent</term></item><item><term>*Family</term></item><item><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term></item><item><term>Smoking [*prevention & control; psychology]</term></item><item><term>Child</term></item><item><term>Humans</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Cochrane Review</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-06">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1557-6272</doi><issn type="print">1557-6272</issn><issn type="electronic">1557-6272</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="EBCH"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="EVIDENCE-BASED CHILD HEALTH: A COCHRANE REVIEW JOURNAL">Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal</title><title type="short">Evid.‐Based Child Health</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/ebch.v4:2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="4">4</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-06">June 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="miscellaneous" position="70" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/ebch.378</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="EBCH378"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="57"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Cochrane Review</title><title type="tocHeading1">Preventing Smoking by Children</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. 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We also searched unpublished material, and the reference lists of key articles. We performed both free‐text Internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate web sites, and we hand‐searched key journals not available electronically. We also consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was performed in November 2007.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">Selection criteria</title><p>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with children (aged 5‐12) or adolescents (aged 13‐18) and family members to deter the use of tobacco. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of children who reported no use of tobacco at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-5"><title type="main">Data collection and analysis</title><p>We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed them for methodological quality. The studies were too limited in number and quality to undertake a formal meta‐analysis, and we present a narrative synthesis.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-6"><title type="main">Main results</title><p>We identified 22 RCTs of family interventions to prevent smoking. We identified six RCTs in Category 1 (minimal risk of bias on all counts); ten in Category 2 (a risk of bias in one or more areas); and six in Category 3 (risks of bias in design and execution such that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from the study).</p><p>Considering the sixteen Category 1 and 2 studies together: (1) four of the nine that tested a family intervention against a control group had significant positive effects, but one showed significant negative effects; (2) one of the five RCTs that tested a family intervention against a school intervention had significant positive effects; (3) none of the seven that compared the incremental effects of a family plus a school programme to a school programme alone had significant positive effects; (4) the one RCT that tested a family tobacco intervention against a family non‐tobacco safety intervention showed no effects; and (5) the trial that used general risk reduction interventions found the group which received the parent and teen interventions had less smoking than the one that received only the teen intervention, and in the trial of CD‐ROMs to reduce alcohol use, both groups which received the alcohol reduction intervention had less smoking than the control. In neither trial was there a tobacco intervention, but tobacco outcomes were measured.</p><p>For the included trials the amount of implementer training and the fidelity of implementation are related to positive outcomes, but the number of sessions is not.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-7"><title type="main">Authors' conclusions</title><p>Some well‐executed RCTs show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but RCTs which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well‐designed and executed RCTs in this area.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-8"><title type="main">Plain Language Summary</title><p><b>Does preventing children from starting to smoke reduce the number of people damaging their health by smoking</b></p><p>Children and adolescents' likelihood of starting to smoke may be influenced by the behaviour of their families, and it may be possible to help family members strengthen non‐smoking attitudes and promote non‐smoking in children and other family members. Some high quality studies show that family interventions may help to prevent adolescent smoking, but less well‐conducted trials had mostly neutral or negative findings. How well the programme staff are trained and how well they deliver the programme may be related to effectiveness, but the number of sessions in the programme does not seem to make a difference.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Cochrane review: Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Cochrane review: Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roger E</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomas</namePart><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, UCMC, #1707‐1632 14th Avenue, Calgary, Alberta, T2M 1N7, Canada.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Philip RA</namePart><namePart type="family">Baker</namePart><affiliation>Central Public Health Unit Network, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Diane</namePart><namePart type="family">Lorenzetti</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Health and Policy Studies, Dept of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Alberta, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="other" displayLabel="miscellaneous"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-06</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="tables">8</extent><extent unit="references">117</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>There is evidence that children's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends.</abstract><abstract>To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help family members to strengthen non‐smoking attitudes and promote non‐smoking by children and other family members.</abstract><abstract>We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We also searched unpublished material, and the reference lists of key articles. We performed both free‐text Internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate web sites, and we hand‐searched key journals not available electronically. We also consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was performed in November 2007.</abstract><abstract>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with children (aged 5‐12) or adolescents (aged 13‐18) and family members to deter the use of tobacco. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of children who reported no use of tobacco at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention.</abstract><abstract>We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed them for methodological quality. The studies were too limited in number and quality to undertake a formal meta‐analysis, and we present a narrative synthesis.</abstract><abstract>We identified 22 RCTs of family interventions to prevent smoking. We identified six RCTs in Category 1 (minimal risk of bias on all counts); ten in Category 2 (a risk of bias in one or more areas); and six in Category 3 (risks of bias in design and execution such that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from the study). Considering the sixteen Category 1 and 2 studies together: (1) four of the nine that tested a family intervention against a control group had significant positive effects, but one showed significant negative effects; (2) one of the five RCTs that tested a family intervention against a school intervention had significant positive effects; (3) none of the seven that compared the incremental effects of a family plus a school programme to a school programme alone had significant positive effects; (4) the one RCT that tested a family tobacco intervention against a family non‐tobacco safety intervention showed no effects; and (5) the trial that used general risk reduction interventions found the group which received the parent and teen interventions had less smoking than the one that received only the teen intervention, and in the trial of CD‐ROMs to reduce alcohol use, both groups which received the alcohol reduction intervention had less smoking than the control. In neither trial was there a tobacco intervention, but tobacco outcomes were measured. For the included trials the amount of implementer training and the fidelity of implementation are related to positive outcomes, but the number of sessions is not.</abstract><abstract>Some well‐executed RCTs show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but RCTs which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well‐designed and executed RCTs in this area.</abstract><abstract>Does preventing children from starting to smoke reduce the number of people damaging their health by smoking Children and adolescents' likelihood of starting to smoke may be influenced by the behaviour of their families, and it may be possible to help family members strengthen non‐smoking attitudes and promote non‐smoking in children and other family members. Some high quality studies show that family interventions may help to prevent adolescent smoking, but less well‐conducted trials had mostly neutral or negative findings. How well the programme staff are trained and how well they deliver the programme may be related to effectiveness, but the number of sessions in the programme does not seem to make a difference.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>*Family</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Smoking [*prevention & control; psychology]</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Humans</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Evid.‐Based Child Health</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Cochrane Review</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1557-6272</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1557-6272</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1557-6272</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">EBCH</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>826</start><end>882</end><total>57</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C6202E98EEC6F9929CF6C5E3FFF39EE2F46C6E3E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/ebch.378</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">EBCH378</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. 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