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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">We Need Strong Public Health Care to Contain the Global Corona Pandemic</title><author><name sortKey="De Ceukelaire, Wim" sort="De Ceukelaire, Wim" uniqKey="De Ceukelaire W" first="Wim" last="De Ceukelaire">Wim De Ceukelaire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1-0020731420916725">Viva Salud, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2-0020731420916725">People’s Health Movement, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bodini, Chiara" sort="Bodini, Chiara" uniqKey="Bodini C" first="Chiara" last="Bodini">Chiara Bodini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1-0020731420916725">Viva Salud, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2-0020731420916725">People’s Health Movement, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32188308</idno><idno type="pmc">7140782</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7140782</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7140782</idno><idno type="doi">10.1177/0020731420916725</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000686</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000686</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">We Need Strong Public Health Care to Contain the Global Corona Pandemic</title><author><name sortKey="De Ceukelaire, Wim" sort="De Ceukelaire, Wim" uniqKey="De Ceukelaire W" first="Wim" last="De Ceukelaire">Wim De Ceukelaire</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1-0020731420916725">Viva Salud, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2-0020731420916725">People’s Health Movement, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bodini, Chiara" sort="Bodini, Chiara" uniqKey="Bodini C" first="Chiara" last="Bodini">Chiara Bodini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1-0020731420916725">Viva Salud, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2-0020731420916725">People’s Health Movement, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Health Services</title><idno type="ISSN">0020-7314</idno><idno type="eISSN">1541-4469</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak has spread from China to over a hundred countries in less than 2 months. Now is the time to take stock and to assess the responses of different countries to the outbreak so far. What we can learn from the global Corona pandemic so far is that strong public health systems have the resilience to address massive health threats with the collective responses they require. Privatization of health services and individualization of risks might further undermine our ability to address this and future global pandemics.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Health Serv</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Health Serv</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JOH</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">spjoh</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Health Services</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0020-7314</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1541-4469</issn><publisher><publisher-name>SAGE Publications</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32188308</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7140782</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0020731420916725</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1177_0020731420916725</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Policy Analyses</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>We Need Strong Public Health Care to Contain the Global Corona Pandemic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-144X</contrib-id><name><surname>De Ceukelaire</surname><given-names>Wim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-0020731420916725">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2-0020731420916725">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="corresp1-0020731420916725"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bodini</surname><given-names>Chiara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-0020731420916725">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2-0020731420916725">2</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1-0020731420916725"><label>1</label>Viva Salud, Brussels, Belgium</aff><aff id="aff2-0020731420916725"><label>2</label>People’s Health Movement, Brussels, Belgium</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="corresp1-0020731420916725">Wim De Ceukelaire, Viva Salud, 53, Chaussée de Haecht, Brussels 1210, Belgium. Email: <email>wim@vivasalud.be</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id>0020731420916725</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder content-type="sage">SAGE Publications</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage">https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract abstract-type="short"><p>The corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak has spread from China to over a hundred countries in less than 2 months. Now is the time to take stock and to assess the responses of different countries to the outbreak so far. What we can learn from the global Corona pandemic so far is that strong public health systems have the resilience to address massive health threats with the collective responses they require. Privatization of health services and individualization of risks might further undermine our ability to address this and future global pandemics.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>privatization</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>corona virus</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>edited-state</meta-name><meta-value>corrected-proof</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>typesetter</meta-name><meta-value>ts2</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>The corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak has spread from China to over a hundred countries in less than 2 months. As of March 10, confirmed cases were above 100,000 and deaths over 4,000. Now is the time to take stock and to assess the responses of different countries to the outbreak so far.</p><p>The report of the WHO–China joint mission on COVID-19 (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf">https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf</ext-link>) offers essential insights in containment strategies, explains why health systems in many parts of the world are much less capable of implementing them, and shows the way towards more resilient health systems.</p><p>The report concludes that China has rolled out perhaps the most ambitious, agile and aggressive disease containment effort in history. And it did this with success. Cases have decreased considerably and daily life is slowly resuming in areas that have been under huge stress in the past few weeks.</p><p>As there is no vaccine nor specific treatment, the containment of the outbreak is based on a number of measures including identifying people who are sick, bringing them to care, following up on contacts, preparing hospitals and clinics to manage a surge in patients, and training health workers (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/07-03-2020-who-statement-on-cases-of-covid-19-surpassing-100-000">https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/07-03-2020-who-statement-on-cases-of-covid-19-surpassing-100-000</ext-link>). The WHO–China joint mission report’s conclusion is remarkable as it says that this has only been possible “due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat.”</p><p>Similar conclusions can be drawn from experiences in other Asian territories. In an article on the website of <italic>The Lancet</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30551-1/fulltext">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30551-1/fulltext</ext-link>), experts assess resilience of health systems in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japan according to their ability to apply adequate containment strategies with regard to the current COVID-19 crisis. Health systems in these locations have generally been able to adapt.</p><p>The 3 locations introduced appropriate containment measures and governance structures; took steps to support health care delivery and financing; and developed and implemented plans and management structures. Integration of services in the health system and across other sectors has amplified the ability to absorb and adapt to shock. Besides, this experience has demonstrated that the trust of patients, health care professionals, and society as a whole in government is of paramount importance for meeting health crises. Interestingly, also Singapore, Japan, and Hong Kong rely on strong public health systems that enjoy wide support and that are able to reach and mobilize the population beyond health workers.</p><p>In many countries across the globe, public state-funded and government-run health systems have been gradually dismantled. Privatization has affected their ability to coordinate large-scale preventive campaigns, limited their capacity to expand curative services in crisis situations while eroding the broad public’s confidence in the health system as a whole.</p><p>For example, in order to apply effective contact tracing, a fine-grained health system with an expanded first line is imperative. China has been able to mobilize thousands of health workers in the efforts to track down the contacts of infected individuals. In the US, where primary health care is weak and the health system is highly dependent on secondary and tertiary care, large-scale contact tracing is almost impossible.</p><p>Now that COVID-19 is rapidly spreading to Europe and the US, we might witness the vulnerability of more privatized health systems. In Italy, the European country worst hit by the epidemic, the regionalization of health care – very much part of a broader design to progressively dismantle and privatize the national health care service (NHS) – has significantly delayed the adoption of coherent measures to contain the disease and strengthen the health system.</p><p>As their health systems are unable to coordinate adequate collective responses, it is not surprising that the measures taken by European governments are calling on people’s individual responsibilities. Social distancing has become the cornerstone of their COVID-19 mitigation plans.</p><p>Of course it is correct to call on people’s individual responsibility and it’s true that social distancing has also played a role in China’s containment of the virus outbreak but it’s also important to acknowledge that these measures are inadequate to handle large-scale health threats. What we can learn from the global Corona pandemic is that strong public health systems have the resilience to address massive health threats with the collective responses they require. Privatization of health services and individualization of risks might further undermine our ability to address this and future global pandemics.</p></body><back><sec id="sec1-0020731420916725"><title>Declaration of Conflicting Interests</title><p>The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.</p></sec><sec id="sec2-0020731420916725"><title>Funding</title><p>The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.</p></sec><sec><title>ORCID iD</title><p>Wim De Ceukelaire <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-144X">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-144X</ext-link></p></sec><bio id="d35e173"><title>Author Biographies</title><p><bold>Wim De Ceukelaire</bold> is the Director of Viva Salud, a Brussels-based organization with a focus on the right to health. He is a member of the global steering council of the People's Health Movement. </p><p><bold>Chiara Bodini</bold> is a consultant to Viva Salud and is also a member of the People's Health Movement's global steering council.</p></bio></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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