The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people
Identifieur interne : 000442 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000441; suivant : 000443The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people
Auteurs : Nicola MontemurroSource :
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity [ 0889-1591 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.032
PubMed: 32240766
PubMed Central: 7138159
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people</title><author><name sortKey="Montemurro, Nicola" sort="Montemurro, Nicola" uniqKey="Montemurro N" first="Nicola" last="Montemurro">Nicola Montemurro</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32240766</idno><idno type="pmc">7138159</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7138159</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7138159</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.032</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000442</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000442</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people</title><author><name sortKey="Montemurro, Nicola" sort="Montemurro, Nicola" uniqKey="Montemurro N" first="Nicola" last="Montemurro">Nicola Montemurro</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Brain, Behavior, and Immunity</title><idno type="ISSN">0889-1591</idno><idno type="eISSN">1090-2139</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barbisch, D" uniqKey="Barbisch D">D. Barbisch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koenig, K L" uniqKey="Koenig K">K.L. Koenig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shih, F Y" uniqKey="Shih F">F.Y. Shih</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goyal, K" uniqKey="Goyal K">K. Goyal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chauhan, P" uniqKey="Chauhan P">P. Chauhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chhikara, K" uniqKey="Chhikara K">K. Chhikara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, P" uniqKey="Gupta P">P. Gupta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, M P" uniqKey="Singh M">M.P. Singh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joob, B" uniqKey="Joob B">B. Joob</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiwanitkit, V" uniqKey="Wiwanitkit V">V. Wiwanitkit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kelvin, D J" uniqKey="Kelvin D">D.J. Kelvin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubino, S" uniqKey="Rubino S">S. Rubino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Z" uniqKey="Li Z">Z. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ge, J" uniqKey="Ge J">J. Ge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, M" uniqKey="Yang M">M. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, J" uniqKey="Feng J">J. Feng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiao, M" uniqKey="Qiao M">M. Qiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, R" uniqKey="Jiang R">R. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bi, J" uniqKey="Bi J">J. Bi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhan, G" uniqKey="Zhan G">G. Zhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, X" uniqKey="Xu X">X. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Q" uniqKey="Zhou Q">Q. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, C" uniqKey="Zhou C">C. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Y" uniqKey="Pan Y">Y. Pan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, H" uniqKey="Zhang H">H. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, B" uniqKey="Zhu B">B. Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, K" uniqKey="Hashimoto K">K. Hashimoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, Y" uniqKey="Jia Y">Y. Jia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, R" uniqKey="Wang R">R. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, C" uniqKey="Liu C">C. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, C" uniqKey="Yang C">C. Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lima, C K T" uniqKey="Lima C">C.K.T. Lima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, P M M" uniqKey="Carvalho P">P.M.M. Carvalho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lima, I A A S" uniqKey="Lima I">I.A.A.S. Lima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nunes, J V A O" uniqKey="Nunes J">J.V.A.O. Nunes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saraiva, J S" uniqKey="Saraiva J">J.S. Saraiva</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza, R I" uniqKey="De Souza R">R.I. de Souza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, C G L" uniqKey="Da Silva C">C.G.L. da Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neto, M L R" uniqKey="Neto M">M.L.R. Neto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Brain Behav Immun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Brain Behav. Immun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Brain, Behavior, and Immunity</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0889-1591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1090-2139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Inc.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32240766</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7138159</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0889-1591(20)30411-6</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.032</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au005"><name><surname>Montemurro</surname><given-names>Nicola</given-names></name><email>nicola.montemurro@unipi.it</email><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref><xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af005">Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy</aff><aff id="af010">Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>⁎</label>Address: Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10 – 56126 Pisa, Italy. <email>nicola.montemurro@unipi.it</email></corresp><fn id="fn1"><label>1</label><p id="np005">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-8907.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>30</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><elocation-id></elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Inc.</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><kwd-group id="kg005"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>SARS-CoV</kwd><kwd>Coronavirus</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Mental health</kwd><kwd>Neuroscience</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p content-type="salutation">Dear Editor,</p><p id="p0005">In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, pointing to over 110 countries and territories around the world where the coronavirus illness is present. Infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19, as well as other public health events, can cause emotional distress and anxiety. These feelings of distress and anxiety can occur even in people not at high risk of getting sick, in the face of a virus with which the common people may be unfamiliar. I read publications on “Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control” and on “Traumatization in medical staff helping with COVID-19 control” with a great interest (<xref rid="b0025" ref-type="bibr">Li et al., 2020</xref>, <xref rid="b0015" ref-type="bibr">Joob and Wiwanitkit, 2020</xref>). Li et al. reported how much people and medical staff suffer from vicarious traumatization and how this vicarious traumatization of non-front-line medical staff is more serious than that of front-line medical staff (<xref rid="b0025" ref-type="bibr">Li et al., 2020</xref>). As in South and Southeast Asia countries, also in Italy, there are similar problems in medical staff due to high workload and intermittent lack of protective devices. In addition, some slight form of racism is demonstrated against health care professionals who potentially have a higher risk of being infected and between non-front-line medical staff towards front-line medical staff. We don’t have to forget the many doctors and nurses were infected and many of them died due to COVID-19 infection. Also in Italy, local people also have high levels of stress due to no firm estimate of how long pandemic will last and how long our lives will be disrupted or whether or not we or our loved ones will be infected. Previous research has revealed a profound and wide spectrum of psychological impact that outbreaks can inflict on people (<xref rid="b0030" ref-type="bibr">Lima et al., 2020</xref>). New psychiatric symptoms in people without mental illness can occur or aggravate the condition of those with pre-existing mental illness and cause distress to the caregivers of affected individuals (<xref rid="b0020" ref-type="bibr">Kelvin and Rubino, 2020</xref>). Most health professionals working in isolation units and hospitals very often do not receive any training for providing mental health care (<xref rid="b0030" ref-type="bibr">Lima et al., 2020</xref>). <xref rid="b0005" ref-type="bibr">Barbisch et al. (2015)</xref> described how the confinement “caused a sense of collective hysteria, leading the staff to desperate measures”. Suicidal cases were reported in India (<xref rid="b0010" ref-type="bibr">Goyal et al., 2020</xref>) but also in other countries, Italy included, where two infected Italian nurses committed suicide in a period of a few days probably due to fear of spreading COVID-19 to patients. It is possible that fear and anxiety of falling sick or dying, helplessness will drive an increase in the 2020 suicide rates. In the United States (US), the COVID-19 Pandemic’s New Epicenter, a dedicated Lifeline (the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline) was activated for emotional distress related to COVID-19 to prevent suicide.</p><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Declaration of Competing Interest</title><p id="p0010">The author declares that he has no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list id="bi005"><title>References</title><ref id="b0005"><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0005"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barbisch</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name><surname>Koenig</surname><given-names>K.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Shih</surname><given-names>F.Y.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Is there a case for quarantine? Perspectives from SARS to Ebola</article-title><source>Disas. Med. Publ. 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[Epub ahead of print]</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="b0030"><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="h0030"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lima</surname><given-names>C.K.T.</given-names></name><name><surname>Carvalho</surname><given-names>P.M.M.</given-names></name><name><surname>Lima</surname><given-names>I.A.A.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>Nunes</surname><given-names>J.V.A.O.</given-names></name><name><surname>Saraiva</surname><given-names>J.S.</given-names></name><name><surname>de Souza</surname><given-names>R.I.</given-names></name><name><surname>da Silva</surname><given-names>C.G.L.</given-names></name><name><surname>Neto</surname><given-names>M.L.R.</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease)</article-title><source>Psychiatry Res.</source><volume>287</volume><year>2020</year><fpage>112915</fpage><comment>[Epub ahead of print]</comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32199182</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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